For further information on Tsunami waves enter Tsunami in the factbites search box.

In order to remain alive, humans need adequate (and not excessive) food, water, oxygen and shelter. Environmental factors which interfere with one or more of these survival needs will increase human mortality. These factors include:

• Extremes in weather conditions such as heat or cold.


• Air pollution such as sulfur and nitrogen oxides.


• Abundance and quality of food and water.


• Micro organisms.


• Radioactivity

Oxygen levels are lower at high altitude, but a person can be in a low oxygen environment if the air flow is limited or absent (eg in a collapsed mine shaft) or the oxygen is being consumed faster than it can be replaced (eg in a burning building.)

Australia is fourth in gender income ratio, with a rate of 0.69 percent, has one of the lowest differentials of male to female earnings (14 percent), and the second–highest expected duration of education for women (20.1 years).

In addition, Australia boasts practically universal female literacy, one of the longest school life expectancies for women, and the tenth-highest percentage of university degrees awarded to women, including the 12th-highest percentage of advanced research-degrees awarded to women.

The country with the highest reported total per capita crime rate is Dominica followed by New Zealand and Finland. For further information on total crimes or particular types of crime such as murder, drug offences, assault or car theft see the crime category.

In order to achieve a fair comparison, all crime statistics should be viewed per capita. It should also be noted that crime statistics only include reported crime. Crime is more likely to be reported when people feel that they can report crime to the police and have confidence in the police and the legal system.