Caldecott, J.O., M.D. Jenkins, T. Johnson and B. Groombridge. 1994. Priorities for Conserving Global Species Richness and Endemism. In World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Biodiversity Series No. 3 (N. Mark Collins, ed.) pp. 17. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK.
CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
SOURCE:
World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute
Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Percent of CITES reporting requirements met Units: Percent of Requirements Met Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
SOURCE:
Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication
Tons of Carbon Dioxide produced per capita in 1998 or latest available year. Carbon dioxide from energy use only. Excludes international marine bunkers.
SOURCE:
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium
Municipal waste is that which is collected and treated by or for municipalities: household waste and bulky waste as well as comparable waste from small communities or industrial enterprises; and market and garden residue.
SOURCE:
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium
SO2 emissions per populated land area Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.)) Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
SOURCE:
Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGAP 2.1B, 2001 via ciesin.org
Industrial organic pollutants per available freshwater Units: Metric Tons of BOD Emissions per Cubic Km of Water Units: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants. The data from the World Bank, which represented BOD emissions (kilograms per day) were normalized by the combination of water availability per capita and water inflow availability per capita from the WaterGap2.1 model. In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
SOURCE:
World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001, Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001 (for BOD emissions)and Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 (for data on waterquantity). via ciesin.org
Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact Units: Percent of Land Area Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
SOURCE:
Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the lastwild places on the earth's surface. via ciesin.org
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