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Environment Stats: compare key data on Australia & Cuba

Definitions

  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened: Mammal species, threatened. Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • CFC > Consumption: CFC consumption
    Units: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Tons (Metric Tons x ODP)
    Units: The indicator was obtained by multiplying the Total CFCs emissions (metric tons per ozone depletion potential) with the Per capita CFCs emissions (obtained by dividing the total CFCs emissions by the population in 1997). In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
  • CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
  • Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
    Units: Hectares per Person
  • Endangered species > Mammal species > Number: Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
    Units: Metric Tons
  • Marine fish catch per 1000: Total marine fish catch
    Units: Metric Tons. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
  • Waste > Local garbage collected: Municipal waste collected.
  • Water > Severe water stress: Percent of country's territory under severe water stress
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: This data is derived from the WaterGap 2.1 gridded hydrological model developed by the Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany. The modellers derived, for each country, grid cell by grid cell estimates of whether the water consumption exceeds 40 percent of the water available in that particular grid cell. These were then converted to land area equivalents in order to calculate the percentage of the territory under severe water stress.
  • CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, total.
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened: Bird species, threatened. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Carbon efficiency: Carbon economic efficiency (CO2 emissions per dollar GDP)
    Units: Metric Tons/US Dollar GDP
  • CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Endangered species > Bird species: Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • SO2 emissions per populated area: SO2 emissions per populated land area
    Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
    Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
  • Waste > Hazardous waste created: Annual generation of hazardous waste (as defined by the Basel Convention).
  • Waste > Local garbage collected per thousand people: Municipal waste collected. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened: Fish species, threatened. Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Endangered species > Fish species > Number: Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Water > Percent of water resources used: Proportion of total water resources used, percentage.
  • Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number: Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons.
  • Biodiversity richness: Caldecott, J.O., M.D. Jenkins, T. Johnson and B. Groombridge. 1994. Priorities for Conserving Global Species Richness and Endemism. In World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Biodiversity Series No. 3 (N. Mark Collins, ed.) pp. 17. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK.
  • NOx emissions per populated area: NOx emissions per populated land area
    Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
    Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
  • Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration: Dissolved oxygen concentration
    Units: Milligrams/Liter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Forest area > Sq. km: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: CO2 emissions (kg per 2000 US$ of GDP). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, total.
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Water > Availability: Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.))
    Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person
    Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, rural.
  • Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened: Plant species (higher), threatened. Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Threatened species: Number of Threatened Species (1990-99)
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Biodiversity > Number: GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential)."
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • CFC > Consumption per 1000: CFC consumption
    Units: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Tons (Metric Tons x ODP)
    Units: The indicator was obtained by multiplying the Total CFCs emissions (metric tons per ozone depletion potential) with the Per capita CFCs emissions (obtained by dividing the total CFCs emissions by the population in 1997). In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Waste > Hazardous waste created per thousand people: Annual generation of hazardous waste (as defined by the Basel Convention). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Protected area: Environmentally protected area (1997)
  • Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential).
  • Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country.
  • Acidification: Percentage of country with acidification excedence
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: From a map of acidification excedence, all areas at risk within each country were added together in order to calculate the percentage of the entire country at risk of excedence. See pages 21-22 of the 2001 ESI report for more details on how the acidification excedence map was produced.
  • Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent: Methane emissions are those stemming from human activities such as agriculture and from industrial methane production.
  • Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.
  • Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: PM10, country level (micrograms per cubic meter). Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
  • Proportion of land and marine area under protection: Terrestrial and marine areas protected to total territorial area, percentage.
  • Endangered species protection: Percent of CITES reporting requirements met
    Units: Percent of Requirements Met
    Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
  • Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, urban.
  • Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Nitrous oxide emissions are emissions from agricultural biomass burning, industrial activities, and livestock management."
  • Wildness: Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
  • Forest area > Sq. km per 1000: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Threatened species > Mammal: Number of threatened mammal species (1997)
  • Water > Population supplied by water supply industry: Total population supplied by water supply industry.
  • World Heritage Sites (environmental): Natural sites.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
  • Breeding birds threatened: Percentage of breeding birds threatened
    Units: Percent of Breeding Birds
    Units: The number of bird species threatened divided by known bird species in the country, expressed as a percentage.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, urban.
  • Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride."
  • Urban SO2 concentration: Urban SO2 concentration
    Units: Micrograms/m3
    Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
  • Water > Population connected to wastewater collecting system: Population connected to wastewater collecting system.
  • Water > Proportion of marine area under protection: Marine areas protected to territorial waters, percentage.
  • Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2). Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Freshwater > Withdrawal per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations."
  • Water > Salinisation: Electrical conductivity
    Units: Micro-Siemens/Centimeter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of water bodies; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system.
  • Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > Date: Date different countries signed the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol is an international environmental treaty drafted at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1997 in Kyoto Japan. The protocol mandates signatory countries to commit themselves to reducing carbon dioxide emission. At present, there are 37 countries that have signed and ratified the protocol.
  • Fertiliser > Consumption: Fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land
    Units: Hundreds Grams/Hectare of Arable Land
  • Urban NO2 concentration: Urban NO2 concentration
    Units: Micrograms/m3
    Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
  • Non-wildness: Percent of land area having very high anthropogenic impact
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use: Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
  • PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a countryÂ’s technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons.
  • Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
  • Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters: Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters). Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
  • Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
  • Water > Suspended solids: Suspended solids
    Units: Natural Log of Milligrams/Liter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. Data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of majorwatersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries. The data in this table was transformed using the natural logarithm.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • CO2 Emissions: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
  • Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Kyoto Protocol sign date: Signed.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
  • Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total: Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions are emissions produced through fertilizer use (synthetic and animal manure), animal waste management, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • Natural gas rents > % of GDP: Natural gas rents (% of GDP). Natural gas rents are the difference between the value of natural gas production at world prices and total costs of production.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
  • Water > Phosphorus concentration: Phosphorus concentration
    Units: Milligrams/Liter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
  • Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total: Industrial methane emissions are emissions from the handling, transmission, and combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels."
  • Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Total natural resources rents > % of GDP: Total natural resources rents (% of GDP). Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total: Agricultural methane emissions are emissions from animals, animal waste, rice production, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
  • Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date: Signature.
  • Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • International agreements > Signed but not ratified: The various international environmental agreements which a country has signed but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
  • Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth: Adjusted net national income (annual % growth). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > Ratification/Acceptance: Date different countries ratified the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol is an international environmental treaty drafted at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1997 in Kyoto Japan. The protocol mandates signatory countries to commit themselves to reducing carbon dioxide emission. At present, there are 37 countries that have signed and ratified the protocol.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
  • Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Oil rents > % of GDP: Oil rents (% of GDP). Oil rents are the difference between the value of crude oil production at world prices and total costs of production.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for industry are total withdrawals for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Forest area > % of land area: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
STAT Australia Cuba HISTORY
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ $661.67 billion
Ranked 8th. 16 times more than Cuba
$41.90 billion
Ranked 35th.

Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened 55
Ranked 10th. 4 times more than Cuba
14
Ranked 66th.
CFC > Consumption 0.22
Ranked 99th.
39,954
Ranked 25th. 181609 times more than Australia
CO2 Emissions per 1000 16.71
Ranked 7th. 6 times more than Cuba
2.79
Ranked 75th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons 241.7
Ranked 9th. 14 times more than Cuba
17.3
Ranked 62nd.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million 10.83
Ranked 5th. 7 times more than Cuba
1.53
Ranked 68th.

Current issues soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources air and water pollution; biodiversity loss; deforestation
Ecological footprint 8.49
Ranked 7th. 4 times more than Cuba
1.9
Ranked 26th.

Endangered species > Mammal species > Number 57
Ranked 9th. 4 times more than Cuba
14
Ranked 59th.
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita 80.52 km² per 1,000 people
Ranked 5th. 33 times more than Cuba
2.41 km² per 1,000 people
Ranked 106th.

Marine fish catch 134,900 tons
Ranked 49th. 3 times more than Cuba
42,862 tons
Ranked 65th.
Marine fish catch per 1000 7.13 tons
Ranked 57th. 85% more than Cuba
3.86 tons
Ranked 65th.
Proportion of land area under protection 12.85%
Ranked 115th. 3% more than Cuba
12.41%
Ranked 116th.

Waste > Local garbage collected 8.9 million tonnes
Ranked 14th. 2 times more than Cuba
4.26 million tonnes
Ranked 29th.

Water > Severe water stress 8
Ranked 64th.
24.6
Ranked 47th. 3 times more than Australia
CO2 emissions > Kt 354,054.6 kt
Ranked 15th. 14 times more than Cuba
25,245.4 kt
Ranked 73th.

Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural 100
Ranked 21st. 7% more than Cuba
93.75
Ranked 112th.

Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita 17.74
Ranked 11th. 7 times more than Cuba
2.41
Ranked 94th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita 16.91
Ranked 12th. 5 times more than Cuba
3.4
Ranked 91st.

Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened 51
Ranked 14th. 3 times more than Cuba
17
Ranked 56th.
Carbon efficiency 2.07 CO2 emissions/$ GDP
Ranked 33th. 34% more than Cuba
1.54 CO2 emissions/$ GDP
Ranked 47th.
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000 17.8 kt
Ranked 11th. 8 times more than Cuba
2.24 kt
Ranked 95th.

Endangered species > Bird species 49
Ranked 14th. 3 times more than Cuba
17
Ranked 48th.

Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $29,639.38
Ranked 1st. 8 times more than Cuba
$3,709.00
Ranked 38th.

SO2 emissions per populated area 2,840 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 18th. 64% more than Cuba
1,730 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 35th.
Waste > Hazardous waste created 642,415 tonnes
Ranked 18th.
1.42 million tonnes
Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Australia

Waste > Local garbage collected per thousand people 447.49 tonnes
Ranked 29th. 18% more than Cuba
377.68 tonnes
Ranked 40th.

Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened 106
Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Cuba
35
Ranked 59th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt 373,080.58
Ranked 18th. 10 times more than Cuba
38,364.15
Ranked 70th.

CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita 17.82 kt per 1,000 people
Ranked 13th. 8 times more than Cuba
2.25 kt per 1,000 people
Ranked 100th.

Endangered species > Fish species > Number 84
Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Cuba
28
Ranked 39th.
Water > Percent of water resources used 4.58%
Ranked 79th.
11.61%
Ranked 48th. 3 times more than Australia

Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number 55
Ranked 39th.
163
Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Australia

Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption 46.81
Ranked 50th. 3 times more than Cuba
14.26
Ranked 76th.

Biodiversity richness 1
Ranked 48th.
2
Ranked 31st. Twice as much as Australia
NOx emissions per populated area 1 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 21st. 6 times more than Cuba
0.16 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 100th.
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration 10.64 mls/litre
Ranked 11th. 31% more than Cuba
8.1 mls/litre
Ranked 63th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000 16.91
Ranked 12th. 5 times more than Cuba
3.4
Ranked 91st.

Forest area > Sq. km 1.64 million km²
Ranked 6th. 60 times more than Cuba
27,130 km²
Ranked 94th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP $0.47
Ranked 91st.
$0.69
Ranked 57th. 48% more than Australia

Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural 100
Ranked 23th. 9% more than Cuba
92.08
Ranked 88th.

Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt 373,738.99
Ranked 15th. 14 times more than Cuba
27,032.99
Ranked 70th.

Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people 2.1
Ranked 80th. 66% more than Cuba
1.26
Ranked 98th.

Water > Availability 27.81 thousand cubic metres
Ranked 19th. 14 times more than Cuba
2.01 thousand cubic metres
Ranked 84th.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural 100
Ranked 22nd. 16% more than Cuba
86.42
Ranked 115th.

Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened 89
Ranked 37th.
176
Ranked 20th. 98% more than Australia
Threatened species 483
Ranked 2nd. 13 times more than Cuba
36
Ranked 57th.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita $46,204.01
Ranked 6th. 10 times more than Cuba
$4,514.67
Ranked 68th.

Biodiversity > Number 87.69
Ranked 3rd. 7 times more than Cuba
12.54
Ranked 26th.

Adjusted net national income > Current US$ $1.03 trillion
Ranked 14th. 20 times more than Cuba
$51.00 billion
Ranked 62nd.

CFC > Consumption per 1000 1.19e-05
Ranked 100th.
3.62
Ranked 20th. 305042 times more than Australia
Waste > Hazardous waste created per thousand people 32.69 tonnes
Ranked 23th.
125.41 tonnes
Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Australia

Protected area 7%
Ranked 59th.
17.4%
Ranked 16th. 2 times more than Australia
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum 87.69
Ranked 3rd. 7 times more than Cuba
12.54
Ranked 26th.

Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters 492
Ranked 17th. 13 times more than Cuba
38.12
Ranked 83th.

Acidification 0.0
Ranked 122nd.
0.0
Ranked 76th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal 24.06
Ranked 25th. 3 times more than Cuba
8.2
Ranked 45th.
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent 116,840
Ranked 9th. 12 times more than Cuba
9,490
Ranked 69th.

Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters 22,956.54
Ranked 32nd. 7 times more than Cuba
3,402.13
Ranked 78th.

Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 13.11
Ranked 161st.
14.52
Ranked 158th. 11% more than Australia

Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number 5,485
Ranked 7th. 77 times more than Cuba
71
Ranked 78th.
Proportion of land and marine area under protection 15.05%
Ranked 85th. 52% more than Cuba
9.91%
Ranked 115th.

Endangered species protection 100%
Ranked 18th. 12% more than Cuba
88.9%
Ranked 34th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons 6.45
Ranked 24th. 5 times more than Cuba
1.21
Ranked 54th.

Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million 4.1
Ranked 32nd. 4 times more than Cuba
1.11
Ranked 57th.

Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural 100%
Ranked 23th. 15% more than Cuba
87.27%
Ranked 88th.

Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban 100
Ranked 30th. 4% more than Cuba
96.18
Ranked 127th.

Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent 114,500
Ranked 6th. 14 times more than Cuba
8,330
Ranked 64th.

Wildness 74%
Ranked 6th. 81 times more than Cuba
0.91%
Ranked 87th.
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000 80.25 km²
Ranked 5th. 33 times more than Cuba
2.4 km²
Ranked 103th.

Threatened species > Mammal 58
Ranked 6th. 6 times more than Cuba
9
Ranked 90th.
Water > Population supplied by water supply industry 95%
Ranked 19th. 3% more than Cuba
92.4%
Ranked 15th.

World Heritage Sites (environmental) 12
Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than Cuba
2
Ranked 39th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons 12.69
Ranked 32nd. 20 times more than Cuba
0.64
Ranked 93th.

Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters 23.93
Ranked 29th. 3 times more than Cuba
8.2
Ranked 49th.

Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 94,008
Ranked 13th. 14 times more than Cuba
6,926
Ranked 68th.
Breeding birds threatened 4.93%
Ranked 31st.
13.14%
Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Australia
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt 199,294.12
Ranked 11th. 2588 times more than Cuba
77.01
Ranked 104th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 9.03
Ranked 2nd. 1323 times more than Cuba
0.00683
Ranked 104th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 2.75
Ranked 25th. 15 times more than Cuba
0.183
Ranked 84th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt 60,674.18
Ranked 30th. 29 times more than Cuba
2,060.85
Ranked 86th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 4.9
Ranked 25th. 56% more than Cuba
3.14
Ranked 54th.

Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million 410.19
Ranked 11th. 20 times more than Cuba
20.03
Ranked 79th.

Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number 384
Ranked 5th. 9 times more than Cuba
42
Ranked 19th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban 100
Ranked 25th. 7% more than Cuba
93.67
Ranked 93th.

Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent 4,580
Ranked 16th. 42 times more than Cuba
110
Ranked 66th.

Urban SO2 concentration 13.17 micrograms/m3
Ranked 120th. 13 times more than Cuba
1 micrograms/m3
Ranked 141st.
Water > Population connected to wastewater collecting system 87%
Ranked 15th. 2 times more than Cuba
35.9%
Ranked 21st.

Water > Proportion of marine area under protection 33.24%
Ranked 15th. 4 times more than Cuba
7.62%
Ranked 62nd.

Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000 4.97
Ranked 10th. 8 times more than Cuba
0.624
Ranked 92nd.
Freshwater > Withdrawal per million 1.26
Ranked 14th. 71% more than Cuba
0.736
Ranked 35th.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 15.39
Ranked 156th.
17.48
Ranked 150th. 14% more than Australia

Water > Salinisation 655.39
Ranked 66th. 27% more than Cuba
515
Ranked 80th.
Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > Date 4/29/1998 3/15/1999
Fertiliser > Consumption 392.38 hundred grams/hectare
Ranked 86th.
467.52 hundred grams/hectare
Ranked 80th. 19% more than Australia
Urban NO2 concentration 16.47 micrograms/m3
Ranked 134th. 3 times more than Cuba
5 micrograms/m3
Ranked 139th.
Non-wildness 0.48%
Ranked 119th.
21.04%
Ranked 14th. 44 times more than Australia
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion 3.2%
Ranked 111th. 40% more than Cuba
2.29%
Ranked 119th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$ 0.0
Ranked 143th.
0.0
Ranked 99th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$ $39.90 billion
Ranked 18th. 28 times more than Cuba
$1.45 billion
Ranked 60th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$ $36.45 billion
Ranked 2nd. 52 times more than Cuba
$697.86 million
Ranked 28th.

Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP 47.8%
Ranked 60th.
68.9%
Ranked 25th. 44% more than Australia

Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use 3.01
Ranked 20th. 10% more than Cuba
2.73
Ranked 28th.

PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 15.91 mcg/m³
Ranked 163th.
19.11 mcg/m³
Ranked 150th. 20% more than Australia

Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP 74.52%
Ranked 118th.
83.87%
Ranked 74th. 13% more than Australia

Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent 53.97
Ranked 1st.
-21.654
Ranked 29th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Domestic 15%
Ranked 62nd.
19%
Ranked 51st. 27% more than Australia
Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions 6.32%
Ranked 42nd. 2 times more than Cuba
2.67%
Ranked 66th.

Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions 5.64%
Ranked 53th. 2 times more than Cuba
2.28%
Ranked 93th.

Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million 2.48
Ranked 1st.
-1.972
Ranked 33th.
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI 0.07% of GNI
Ranked 143th.
0.09% of GNI
Ranked 135th. 29% more than Australia

Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion 1.63%
Ranked 80th.
4.33%
Ranked 39th. 3 times more than Australia

Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions 22.77%
Ranked 16th. 5 times more than Cuba
4.63%
Ranked 91st.

Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters 28.34%
Ranked 14th. 21 times more than Cuba
1.32%
Ranked 107th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total 53.42%
Ranked 17th. 266 times more than Cuba
0.201%
Ranked 109th.

Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent 9,051
Ranked 15th. 40 times more than Cuba
226
Ranked 75th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion 60.92%
Ranked 17th.
61.85%
Ranked 15th. 2% more than Australia

Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total 28.99%
Ranked 165th.
92.33%
Ranked 54th. 3 times more than Australia

Water > Suspended solids 7.64 mls/litre
Ranked 10th. 76% more than Cuba
4.33 mls/litre
Ranked 91st.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal 75.26%
Ranked 59th. 9% more than Cuba
68.78%
Ranked 67th.

CO2 Emissions 332,377
Ranked 14th. 11 times more than Cuba
31,353.9
Ranked 64th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Kyoto Protocol sign date 29 April 1998 15 March 1999
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area 70.65%
Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than Cuba
12.63%
Ranked 14th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area 0.1%
Ranked 188th.
18.79%
Ranked 51st. 188 times more than Australia
Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions 5.14%
Ranked 52nd.
6.09%
Ranked 85th. 18% more than Australia

Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions 12.42%
Ranked 25th. 2 times more than Cuba
5%
Ranked 51st.

Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total 94.88%
Ranked 31st. 9% more than Cuba
87.39%
Ranked 63th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI 0.02%
Ranked 141st.
0.07%
Ranked 112th. 4 times more than Australia

Natural gas rents > % of GDP 0.684%
Ranked 34th. 17% more than Cuba
0.586%
Ranked 49th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt 108,158.16
Ranked 21st. 3 times more than Cuba
35,423.22
Ranked 45th.

Water > Phosphorus concentration 0.06 mls/litre
Ranked 132nd. 6 times more than Cuba
0.01 mls/litre
Ranked 137th.
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total 24.59%
Ranked 54th. 4 times more than Cuba
6.43%
Ranked 106th.

Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions 0.24%
Ranked 33th.
0.27%
Ranked 30th. 13% more than Australia

Total natural resources rents > % of GDP 10.74%
Ranked 47th. 2 times more than Cuba
5.26%
Ranked 78th.

Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources 4.86%
Ranked 85th.
21.51%
Ranked 51st. 4 times more than Australia
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total 61.53%
Ranked 37th.
62.38%
Ranked 34th. 1% more than Australia

Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date June 4, 1992 June 13, 1992
Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker 0.18 kg per day per worker
Ranked 34th.
0.25 kg per day per worker
Ranked 13th. 39% more than Australia

Freshwater > Withdrawal > Agricultural 75%
Ranked 59th. 9% more than Cuba
69%
Ranked 68th.
International agreements > Signed but not ratified none of the selected agreements Marine Life Conservation
Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth 4.94%
Ranked 32nd.
-2.191%
Ranked 91st.

Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > Ratification/Acceptance 12/3/2007 4/30/2002
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural 100
Ranked 23th. 15% more than Cuba
87.27
Ranked 88th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million 0.568
Ranked 33th. 10 times more than Cuba
0.0568
Ranked 105th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total 16.26%
Ranked 73th. 3 times more than Cuba
5.37%
Ranked 96th.

Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions 77.11%
Ranked 5th.
78.39%
Ranked 7th. 2% more than Australia

Oil rents > % of GDP 0.823%
Ranked 56th.
3.06%
Ranked 44th. 4 times more than Australia

Freshwater > Withdrawal > Industrial 10%
Ranked 44th.
12%
Ranked 38th. 20% more than Australia
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal 10.03%
Ranked 64th.
12.2%
Ranked 54th. 22% more than Australia

Forest area > % of land area 21.31% of land area
Ranked 119th.
24.7% of land area
Ranked 110th. 16% more than Australia

Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal 14.71%
Ranked 72nd.
19.02%
Ranked 55th. 29% more than Australia

Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions 5.32%
Ranked 8th. 8 times more than Cuba
0.67%
Ranked 91st.

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