NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Åland

The Åland Islands, or Landskapet Åland in Swedish, or Ahvenanmaan maakunta/Ahvenanmaa in Finnish, are an autonomous, demilitarised, monolingually Swedish-speaking administrative province of Finland. The Åland Islands consist of a Main Island, Fasta Åland, with 90% of the population and east thereof an archipelago of more than 6,500 skerries and islands at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia. Fasta Åland is separated by open water from the coast of Sweden, 40 kilometers to the west. In the east, the Åland archipelago is virtually contiguous with the Finnish Archipelago Sea. Flag of Åland This work is copyrighted. ... Åland, coat of arms This work is copyrighted. ... Flag of Åland The flag of Åland points to the location of the islands - it is the Swedish flag with an additional red cross symbolising Finland. ... A motto is a phrase or collection of words intended to describe the motivation or intention of a sociological grouping or organization. ... An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Mariehamn is the capital of Åland, an autonomous territory under Finlands sovereignty. ... The Governor, Maaherra, or Landshövding, of a province of Finland heads the activities of the State Provincial Office, Lääninhallitus, or Länsstyrelse. ... A premier is an executive official of government. ... Roger Nordlund (born November 19, 1957) is a politician in the Åland Islands, an autonomous and unilingually Swedish territory of Finland. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Population density can be used as a measurement of any tangible item. ... The euro (€; ISO 4217 code EUR) is the currency of twelve European Union member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. ... The euro (EUR or €) is the common currency for twelve member states of the European Union, including Finland. ... For the novel by Ayn Rand, see Anthem (novel). ... Ålänningens sång, is the official anthem of the Åland Islands, an autonomous Swedish-speaking province of Finland. ... Time zones are areas of the Earth that have adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... A postal code is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail. ... A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of which Internet domain names consist of. ... .fi is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Finland. ... The government of the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD). ... ICANN is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. ... At a glance In depth Zone 1 – North American Numbering Plan Area (nanpa. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... Swedish (svenska listen?) is a Scandinavian language language spoken predominantly in Sweden, Finland and Åland by over 8 million native speakers. ... Finland consists of 6 provinces (Finnish: läänit, Swedish: län), following a 1997 redesign that reduced their number from 12. ... An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ... A skerry is a small, rocky island, usually defined to be too small for habitation. ... Categories: Finland geography stubs | Sweden geography stubs | Seas | Baltic Sea ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer) (symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ...

By reason of Åland's autonomous status, the powers exercised at provincial level by representatives of the central state administration in the rest of Finland are here largely in the remit of the Government of Åland (Ålands landskapsregering). The Landskapsregering, is the government of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. ...

Autonomy of Åland

The autonomous status of the islands was affirmed by a decision made by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union. By law, Åland is politically neutral and entirely demilitarised. The islands were granted extensive autonomy by the Eduskunta, Finland's legislative assembly, in an Act on the Autonomy of Åland (http://www.lagtinget.aland.fi/eng/act.html) of 1920, last revised in 1991. The League of Nations was an international organization founded after the First World War at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Eduskunta in Finnish, or the Riksdag in Swedish, is the parliament of Finland. ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In connection with Finland's admission to the European Union a protocol on the Åland Islands provides, among other things, that provisions of the European Community Treaty shall not force a change of the existing restrictions for foreigners (i.e. persons who do not enjoy "regional citizenship" (hembygdsrätt) in Åland) to acquire and hold real property, implying a recognition of a separate nationality. The Treaty of Rome signing ceremony Signatures in the Treaty The Treaty of Rome refers to the treaty which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and was signed by France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg on March 25, 1957. ... Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now usually a state), and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. ... Nationality is, in English usage, a legal relationship existing between a person and a state. ...

See also: Special member state territories and their relations with the EU. Two parts of the treaty of the European Community deal with special relationships: Article 299 which sets out the territories to which the treaty applies, supplemented by the accession treaties; and Articles 182-188 and Annex II on association with the non-European countries and territories which have special relations...

History

The Åland Islands were among the territory ceded to Russia by Sweden under the treaty of Fredrikshamn in September 1809; they became part of the semi-autonomous Grand duchy of Finland. The Treaty of Fredrikshamn (Freden i Fredrikshamn in Swedish and Haminan rauha in Finnish ) was a peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Russia on September 17, 1809. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... The Grand Duchy of Finland was a state that existed 1809–1917. ...

When the islands were ceded to Russia, the Swedes were unable to secure a provision that the islands should not be fortified. The issue was important not only for Sweden but for the United Kingdom, which was concerned that a military presence on the islands could threaten their security and commercial interests.

During the Civil War in Finland, 1918, Swedish troops intervened as a peacekeeping force between the Russian troops stationed on the islands, and White and Red troops arriving over the ice from Finland. Within weeks the Swedes were replaced by German troops occupying by request of the Finnish "White" government. The Civil War in Finland was fought from January to May 1918, between the Reds (punaiset), i. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. ... The White Guards is one translation of the Finnish term Suojeluskunta (plural: Suojeluskunnat, Finland-Swedish: Skyddskår) that unfortunately has received many different translations to English, for instance: Security Guard, Civil Guard, National Guard, White Militia, Defence Corps, Protection Guard, Protection Corps and Protection Militia. ...

From 1917 the residents of the islands aimed at having the islands ceded back to their mother country, Sweden. A petition for secession from Finland was signed by 96.2% of Åland's native adults (those working or living abroad excluded, although serious questions were later raised regarding this extraordinarily high figure). Swedish nationalist sentiments had grown strong particularly in the face of anti-Swedish tendencies in Finland, Finnish nationalism fuelled by Finland's struggle to retain its autonomy, and the Finnish resistance against Russification. Also the conflict between the Swedish speaking minority in Finland and the Finnish speaking majority, which since the 1840s had been prominent in Finland's political life, contributed to the Åland population's fear for its future in Finland. 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The policy of Russification of Finland, 1899–1917, aimed at the termination of Finland’s autonomy but resulted in fierce Finnish resistance that ultimately led to Finlands declaration of independence in 1917. ... The Åland crisis was one of the first issues the new League of Nations had to arbiter. ... Events and Trends First signing of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) on February 6, 1840 at Waitangi New Zealand. ...

However, as Finland was not willing to cede the islands, they were offered an autonomous status instead of reannexation. The residents did nevertheless not approve the offer, and the dispute over the islands was submitted to the League of Nations. The latter decided that Finland should retain the sovereignty over the province, but the Åland Islands should be made an autonomous territory. Thus Finland was under an obligation to ensure the residents of the Åland Islands a right to maintain the Swedish language, as well as their own culture and local traditions. At the same time, an international treaty was concluded on the neutral status of Åland, under which it was prohibited to place military headquarters or forces on the islands. The League of Nations was an international organization founded after the First World War at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme authority over a geographic region, group of people, or ones self. ...

In the course of the 20th century, the Finnish sovereignty has been perceived as benevolent, and even beneficial, by increasing numbers of the islanders. Together with disappointment over insufficient support from Sweden in the League of Nations, Swedish disrespect for Åland's demilitarised status in the 1930s, and to some degree a feeling of shared destiny with Finland during and after World War II, this has resulted in a changed perception of Åland's relation to Finland: from "a Swedish province in Finnish possession" to "an autonomous part of Finland". (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Events and trends Technology Jet engine invented First atom was split with a particle accelerator Golden Age of radio begins in U.S. Science Nuclear fission discovered by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassmann Pluto, the ninth planet from the Sun, is discovered by Clyde Tombaugh British biologist Arthur... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

Politics

The Åland Islands are governed according to the Act on Åland Autonomy and international treaties, which guarantees autonomy and demilitarized status. The Government of Åland, or Landskapsregering, is dependent on the Parliament of Åland, or Lagting according to the principles of parliamentarism. The Landskapsregering, is the government of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. ... The Lagting, or Lagtinget, is the parliament of Åland, an autonomous, demilitarised and unilingually Swedish territory of Finland. ... A parliamentary system, or parliamentarism, is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ...

In 1634 Åland was made part of the Åbo and Björneborg County as a part of the grand administrative reforms initiated by count Axel Oxenstierna. In 1918, following dominant separatist opinions on Åland in connection with Finland's independence and the Civil War in Finland, it was separated into its own administrative entity. The League of Nations' resolution of 1921 left Åland under Finland's sovereignty, but with a high degree of autonomy and some exclusive rights for the nationals of Åland. Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... Åbo and Björneborg County, Åbo och Björneborgs län or Turun ja Porin lääni, was a county of Sweden from 1634 to 1808, named after the cities of Åbo and Björneborg. ... Count Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna listen? or Oxenstjerna ( June 16, 1583 - August 28, 1654), Lord High Chancellor of Sweden, was born at Fånö in Uplandia, and received his education with his brothers at the universities of Rostock, Jena and Wittenberg. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Political separatism is a movement to obtain sovereignty and split a territory or group of people (usually a people with a distinctive national consciousness) from one another (or one nation from another; a colony from the metropolis). ... The Civil War in Finland was fought from January to May 1918, between the Reds (punaiset), i. ... The League of Nations was an international organization founded after the First World War at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme authority over a geographic region, group of people, or ones self. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... National is the Japanese brand under which Matsushita products are sold. ...

Åland has its own national flag, has issued its own postage stamps since 1984, has its own police force, and is a member of the Nordic Council. The islands are demilitarised and the male population is exempted from conscription. Parliamentarism has been the custom since 1988. The Åland autonomy preceded the creation of the Regions of Finland, but the autonomous government of Åland also handles what the regional councils do. This 1974 stamp from Japan depicts a Class 8620 steam locomotive. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers is a cooperation forum for the governments of the Nordic countries. ... 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Finland is divided into 20 regions (maakunta/landskap in Finnish/Swedish). ...

The sovereignty over Åland belongs to Finland, and Åland is thus not independent. The Åland Islands is guaranteed representation in the Finnish parliament, and elects one representative. Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme authority over a geographic region, group of people, or ones self. ... The Eduskunta in Finnish, or the Riksdag in Swedish, is the parliament of Finland. ...

Administration

The State Provincial Office on the Åland Islands has a somewhat different function from the other Provinces of Finland due to its autonomy. Generally a State Provincial Office is a joint regional authority of seven different ministries of the Government of Finland. In Åland the State Provincial Office also represents a set of other authorities of the central government, which in Mainland Finland has separate bureaucracies. On the other hand duties, which on Mainland Finland are handled by the provincial offices, are transferred to the autonomous government of Åland. National motto: ? Official language Swedish Capital Mariehamn Governor Peter Lindbäck Premier Roger Nordlund Total Area - Land - Water 6,784 km² 1,527 km² 5,258 km² Population - Total (2002) - Density 26,257 17. ... Finland consists of 6 provinces (Finnish: läänit, Swedish: län), following a 1997 redesign that reduced their number from 12. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... Finland is a republic with a representative democracy governed according to the principles of Parliamentarism. ... Mainland Finland (Manner-Suomi or Fasta Finland) is a term used for instance in statistics to exclude the autonomous Åland Islands under Finnish sovereignty. ...

Municipalities

Eckerö is a municipality of Åland, Finland. ... Hammarland is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. ... Jomala is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. ... Kumlinge is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. ... Lemland is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. ... Lumparland is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. ... Mariehamn is the capital of Åland, an autonomous territory under Finlands sovereignty. ... Saltvik is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. ... Sottunga is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. ...

Geography

The Åland Islands occupy a position of great strategic importance, commanding as they do both one of the entrances to the port of Stockholm and the approaches to the Gulf of Bothnia, in addition to being situated near the Gulf of Finland. Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Categories: Finland geography stubs | Sweden geography stubs | Seas | Baltic Sea ... The Baltic Sea The Gulf of Finland is an arm of the Baltic Sea that extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to the city of Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. ...

The Åland archipelago consists of nearly three hundred inhabitable islands, of which about eighty are inhabited, the remainder are merely some 6,000 skerries and desolate rocks. The archipelago is connected to Turku archipelago in the east (Finnish: Turunmaan saaristo, Swedish: Åbo skärgård), the archipelago adjacent to the southwest coast of Finland. A skerry is a small, rocky island, usually defined to be too small for habitation. ... Location within Finland Turku (Swedish: Åbo listen, Latin: Aboa) is a city in Finland, founded in the 13th century. ...

The surface of the islands is generally sandy, the soil thin and the climate keen. There are several excellent harbours, most notably at Ytternäs.

The islands' landmass occupy a total area of 1,512 km². Ninety percent of the population live on Fasta Åland (the Main Island), which is also the site of the capital town of Mariehamn. Fasta Åland is the largest island in the archipelago, extending over more than 70% of the province's land area, stretching 50 km from north to south and 45 km from east to west. Mariehamn is the capital of Åland, an autonomous territory under Finlands sovereignty. ...

During the Åland crisis, the parties sought support from differently looking maps over the islands. On the Swedish map the most densely populated main-island dominated and many skerries were left out. On the Finnish map, a lot of smaller islands or skerries were for technical reasons given a slightly exaggerated size. The Swedish map made the islands appear to be closer to the mainland of Sweden than to Finland; the Finnish map stressed the continuousity of the archipelago between the main-island and mainland Finland, while a greater gap appeared between the islands and the archipelago on the Swedish side. Although both Finns and Swedes of course argued for their respective interpretations, it's in retrospect hard to say that one is more correct than the other. A consequence is however, the oft repeated number of "over 6,000" skerries, that was given authority by the outcome of the arbitration. The Åland crisis was one of the first issues the new League of Nations had to arbiter. ... Mainland Finland (Manner-Suomi or Fasta Finland) is a term used for instance in statistics to exclude the autonomous Åland Islands under Finnish sovereignty. ...

Economy

Åland's economy is heavily dominated by shipping, trade and tourism. Shipping represents about 40% of the economy with several international carriers owned and operated off Åland. Most companies outside shipping are small companies with less than ten employees. Farming and fishing are important in combination with the food industry. A few, but high profile, technology companies contribute to a well-off economy. Shipping is the transport of cargo between seaports by ships, typically large steel vessels powered by diesel engines or steam turbine plants. ... The Wikipedia community considers the subject of this article to the encyclopedia. ... A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. ...

The main ports are Mariehamn (south), Storby (east) and Långnäs on the eastern shore of the Main Island. Mariehamn is the capital of Åland, an autonomous territory under Finlands sovereignty. ...

The abolition of tax-free sales on ferry boats travelling between destinations within the European Union made Finland demand an exception for the Åland Islands. The exception allows for maintained tax-free sales on the ferries between Sweden and Finland, but has also made Åland a different tax-zone, meaning that tariffs must be levied on goods brought to the islands.

Demographics

Most inhabitants have Swedish (the sole official language) as their mother tongue: 93.5% in 2001, although Finnish speakers' rights are safeguarded. In the rest of Finland, both Finnish and Swedish are official languages. The majority of the population, 94.8%, belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Church. An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... First language (native language, mother tongue, or vernacular) is the language a person learns first. ... The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland is a Lutheran Church and the most common church in Finland. ...

The issue of the ethnical belonging of the Ålanders, and the correct linguistic classification of their language, remains somewhat sensitive and controversial. They may be considered Ethnic Swedes or Finland Swedes, however their language is closer to the adjacent dialects in Sweden than to adjacent dialects of Finland-Swedish. Swede (turnip /neep in Scotland) is also the British name for what the Americans call rutabaga. ... Finland-Swedish is a variety of Swedish. ...

Culture

Holidays

January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... This page deals with the annual event. ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... This article is about the Christian feast. ... For the novel by Ernest Hemingway, see A Moveable Feast. ... Good Friday is a special day celebrated by Christians on the Friday before Easter or Pascha. ... For the novel by Ernest Hemingway, see A Moveable Feast. ... Easter (also called Pascha) is generally accounted the most important holiday of the Christian year, observed March or April each year to celebrate the Resurrection of Jesus from the dead (after his death by crucifixion; see Good Friday), which Christians believe happened at about this time of year, almost two... For the novel by Ernest Hemingway, see A Moveable Feast. ... Easter is the most important holiday of the Christian year, observed in March, April, or May each year to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus from the dead after his death by crucifixion (see Good Friday), which Christians believe happened at about this time of year around AD 30-33. ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining, as the last day in April. ... Walpurgis Night (Valborgsmässoafton in Swedish, Vappu in Finnish, Volbriöö in Estonian, Valpurģu nakts or Valpurģi in Latvian, Walpurgisnacht in German) is a holiday celebrated on April 30, in Finland, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Germany. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... For the distress signal, see: Mayday; For the James Bond villain see May Day (James Bond) May Day is a name for various holidays celebrated on May 1 (or in the beginning of May). ... For the novel by Ernest Hemingway, see A Moveable Feast. ... For other meanings see Ascension (disambiguation) The Ascension is one of the great feasts in the Christian liturgical calendar, and commemorates the bodily Ascension of Jesus into Heaven forty days after his resurrection from the dead. ... For the novel by Ernest Hemingway, see A Moveable Feast. ... Pentecost (the 50th day in ancient Greek) is a holiday of Christianity, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles, fifty days after the resurrection of Jesus at Easter, and ten days after the Ascension. ... For the novel by Ernest Hemingway, see A Moveable Feast. ... Pentecost (the 50th day in ancient Greek) is a holiday of Christianity, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles, fifty days after the resurrection of Jesus at Easter, and ten days after the Ascension. ... June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... Midsummer celebration, Åmmeberg, Sweden Midsummer is the period of time centered upon the summer solstice. ... June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... Midsummer celebration, Åmmeberg, Sweden Midsummer is the period of time centered upon the summer solstice. ... November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... All Saints in Poland The festival of All Saints, also sometimes known as All Hallows, or Hallowmas, is a feast celebrated in honour of all the saints and martyrs, known or unknown. ... December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... See also Christmas Christmas Eve, December 24, the day before Christmas Day, is treated to a greater or a lesser extent in most Christian societies as part of the festivities. ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining. ... Joseph and Mary with baby Jesus, at the first Christmas Christmas (literally, the Mass of Christ) is a holiday in the Christian calendar, usually observed on December 25, which celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... Boxing Day is a public holiday observed in many Commonwealth countries on 26 December. ...

External links

The Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers is a cooperation forum for the governments of the Nordic countries. ... This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ...

Finland consists of 6 provinces (Finnish: läänit, Swedish: län), following a 1997 redesign that reduced their number from 12. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Austria AZ Alkmaar Belgium Czech Republic Cyprus Economy of the Czech Republic Charlton Athletic F.C. Chelsea F.C. European Union Estonia European Parliament Talk:European Union European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party European Peoples Party (Christian Democrats) and European... The Province of Eastern Finland is a province of Finland. ... The Province of Lapland is one of the Provinces of Finland, and a part of the larger geographical area of Lapland, which spans over four countries. ... The Province of Southern Finland is a province of Finland. ... The Province of Western Finland is a province of Finland. ...

Categories: Åland | Historical provinces of Finland | Provinces of Sweden | Baltic islands | Special territories of the EU The provinces or landskap were the subdivision of Sweden until 1634, when they were replaced by counties in a reform, led by Axel Oxenstierna, that still remains in force in Sweden proper. ... The Realm of Sweden or Svenska väldet is a term that historically was used to comprise all the territories under the control of the Swedish monarchs. ... Angermannia, or Ångermanland, is a historical Sweden. ... Bahusia, or Bohuslän, is a historical Sweden. ... Blechingia (Blekinge) is a historical Sweden. ... Dalecarlia, or Dalarna, is a historical Province or landskap in the west of middle Sweden. ... Dalia or Dalsland, is a historical Province or landskap in the south west of Sweden. ... Finland Proper, Varsinais-Suomi or Egentliga Finland, is a historical province in south western Finland. ... Gestricia, or Gästrikland, is a historical Province or landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden. ... Gotlandia, or Gotland, a historical Province or landskap, of Sweden. ... Hallandia (Halland) is a historical Province (landskap) on the western coast of Sweden. ... Helsingia, or Hälsingland, is a historical Province or landskap in the north of Sweden. ... Herdalia, or Härjedalen, is a historical Province or landskap in the north of Sweden. ... Jemtia, or Jämtland (or simply Jamtland as it is known by its local dialect), is a historical Province or landskap in the north of Sweden. ... Finnish Karelia, historically also Swedish Karelia or Carelia, is a historical province in eastern Finland. ... Laponia, or Lappland, was a historical Province or landskap in the extreme north of Sweden. ... Medelpadia, or Medelpad, is a historical Province or landskap in north of Sweden. ... Nericia, also Nerike or Närke, is a historical Province or landskap in middle Sweden. ... Nylandia, Nyland or Uusimaa is a historical province in the south of Finland. ... Oelandia (Öland) is a historical Province (landskap) of Sweden. ... Ostrobothnia, Österbotten (literally East (of) Bottom / the Gulf of Bothnia) or Pohjanmaa (literally Bottom land / soil / ground), is a historical province to the north in Finland. ... Satakunda (Satakunta) is a historical province in south western Finland. ... Savonia, Savolax or Savo, is a historical province in the south of Finland. ... Scania (Skåne) is the southernmost historical Province (landskap) of Sweden. ... Smalandia (Småland, literally Small Countries) is a historical Province (landskap) in southern Sweden. ... Sudermannia or Södermanland, is a historical province or landskap on the south eastern coast of Sweden. ... Tavastia, Tavastland or Häme, is a historical province in the south of Finland. ... Uplandia, or Uppland, is a historical Province or Landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden. ... Wermelandia, or Värmland, is a historical province or landskap in the west of middle Sweden. ... Westmannia, or Västmanland, is a historical Province or landskap in middle Sweden. ... Westrobothnia, or Västerbotten, is a historical Province or landskap in the north of Sweden. ... Westrogothia (Västergötland) is a historical Province (landskap) in the southwest of Sweden. ... Sweden was historically divided into four Lands or Landsdelar: Götaland Svealand Norrland Österland Götaland and Svealand were once, in prehistoric times which only later chronicles have written about, rival kingdoms before being united under one Crown by Svealand. ... Österland, or Österlanden, is a historical land of Sweden. ... Götaland, Gothia, Gothland [1], Gotland (AHD), Gautland or Geatland, is a historical land of Sweden, and was once divided into petty kingdoms. ... Norrland is a historical land of Sweden. ... Svealand is a historical region of Sweden. ...