by Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun.

Élisabeth Philippine Marie Hélène of France (May 3, 1764 - May 10, 1794), commonly called Madame Élisabeth, was a French princess, the daughter of Louis, dauphin de France and Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, and the younger sister of King Louis XVI. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Self-portrait, 1782 Marie-Louise-Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun (April 16, 1755 - March 30, 1842) was a French painter, the most famous woman painter of the 18th century. ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (131st in leap years). ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Louis, dauphin de France, in a pastel by Maurice Quentin de La Tour Louis, dauphin de France ( 1729- 1765), born in Versailles, was the eldest and only surviving son of King Louis XV of France and Queen Marie Leszczyńska, and thus heir ( dauphin) to the throne of France. ... Louis XVI Louis XVI (August 23, 1754 - January 21, 1793), was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French in 1791-1792. ...

The princess was born at Versailles in 1764. Orphan at the age of three, she was brought up by Madame de Mackau, and had a residence at Montreuil, where she is said to have given many proofs of her benevolent character. Élisabeth was deeply religious and extremely devoted to her brother the king, refusing all offers of marriage so that she might remain by his side. One of the staunchest conservatives in the royal family together with her brother the Comte d'Artois, Élisabeth, unlike him, refused to emigrate when the gravity of the events set forth by the Revolution became clear, and was confined in the Tuileries with the king and his family. She accompanied them in their ill-fated escape attempt on June 20, 1791, and was arrested at Varennes and returned to Paris with them. Versailles, formerly the capital city of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial center. ... Montreuil-sous-Bois (officially Montreuil), is a town and commune of France, in the suburbs is of Paris. ... Charles X, King of France and of Navarre ( October 9, 1757 – November 6, 1836) was born at the Palace of Versailles. ... The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... Up to 1871 the Tuileries Palace was a palace in Paris, France, on the right bank of the River Seine. ... The Flight to Varennes (June 20-21, 1791) forms a dramatic, romantic and symbolic event in the history of the French Revolution. ... June 20 is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 194 days remaining. ... 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Varennes or Varennes-en-Argonne is a city in the French département of Meuse. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...

Madame Élisabeth was present at the Legislative Assembly when Louis was suspended, and was imprisoned in the Temple with the royal family. With the execution of the king (January 21, 1793) and the removal of her nephew, the young dauphin (July 3), Élisabeth was left alone with Queen Marie Antoinette and her niece Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte in the tower until the queen was taken to the Conciergerie on August 2, 1793 (she was executed on October 16). The two royal women lived on in ignorance of Marie Antoinette's death. On May 9, 1794, Élisabeth was herself transferred to the Conciergerie, and haled before the Revolutionary Tribunal. Accused of assisting the king's flight, of supplying émigrés with funds, and of encouraging the resistance of the royal troops on the 10th of August 1792, as well as of molesting her nephew, the dauphin, she was condemned to death, and guillotined the following day. During the French Revolution, the Legislative Assembly was the legislature of France from 1 October 1791 to September 1792. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Louis XVII of France (March 27, 1785 - June 8, 1795) also known as Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy (1785-1789), Louis-Charles, Dauphin of Viennois (1789-1791), and Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France (1791-1793), was the son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette, who never... July 3rd is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria (born November 1755 – executed 16 October 1793) Daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria, wife of Louis XVI and mother of Louis XVII. She was guillotined at the height of the French Revolution. ... Portrait of Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte, Madame Royale Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte, (December 20, 1778 - October 19, 1851), also known as La Princesse Royale or Madame Royale, was the eldest child of King Louis XVI and his Austrian wife, Queen Marie Antoinette. ... The Palais de Justice, the Conciergerie and the Tour de lHorloge, after 1858 - by Adrien Dauzats The Conciergerie is a former prison in Paris, located on the west of the Île de la Cité, near the Cathedral of Notre-Dame. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in Leap years). ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (130th in leap years). ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Revolutionary Tribunal (French: Tribunal révolutionnaire) was a court which was instituted in Paris by the Convention during the French Revolution for the trial of political offenders, and became one of the most powerful engines of the Terror. ... Émigré is a French term that literally refers to a person who has migrated out, but often carries a connotation of politico-social self-exile. ... On August 10, 1792, during the French Revolution, a mob – with the backing of a new municipal government of Paris that came to be known as the insurrectionary Paris Commune – besieged the Tuileries palace. ... Public guillotining in Lons-le-Saunier, 1878 Badische Guillotine Portrait of Dr. Guillotin The guillotine is a machine used for the application of capital punishment by decapitation. ...

All the men and women executed with Madame Élisabeth bowed and kissed her, she also blessed them. She was made to sit closest to the guillotine, but was executed last and thus had to hear the blade fall on the heads of all the people before her. It is said that when she was strapped to the board her shawl fell off, exposing her shoulders, and she cried to the executioner "For the sake of decency, Monsieur, cover me up" just before being guillotined. Élisabeth, who had just turned 30 at the time of her death, and who was executed essentially because she was the sister of the king, is perhaps one of the most pathetic victims of the French Revolution.