Emile_Clapeyron

Benoit Paul Émile Clapeyron (February 26, 1799 - January 28, 1864) was an French engineer and physicist, considered as one of the founders of thermodynamics. Emile Clapeyron This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Emile Clapeyron This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... An engineer may be someone who practices the engineering profession, or the driver of a rail locomotive. ... The word physicist should not be confused with physician, which means medical doctor. ... Thermodynamics (Greek: thermos = heat and dynamic = change) is the physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes. ...

Born in Paris, Émile Clapeyron makes his studies at the École Polytechnique and the École des Mines, before leaving to Saint Petersburg in 1820 to teach at the École des Travaux Publics. It returns to Paris only after the Revolution of July 1830, undertaking the construction of the first railway line connecting Paris to Versailles and Saint-Germain. The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... The cadets of Polytechnique rushed to the defense of Paris against the foreign armies in 1814. ... The École nationale supérieure des Mines de Paris (also known as École des Mines de Paris, ENSMP, les Mines, Mines Paris) is one of the French generalist and most prominent engineering Grandes Ecoles. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution, was a revolt by the middle class against Bourbon King Charles X which forced him out of office and replaced him with the Orleanist King Louis-Philippe. ... Versailles, formerly the capital city of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial center. ... Saint-Germain may refer to various French phenomena: the 6th century bishop of Paris, canonized as Saint Germain of Paris, who founded an abbey in the fields near Paris, now the church of Saint-Germain-des-Pres which gave its name to the neighborhood on the Left Bank that is...

In 1834, he contributes its first share to the creation of modern thermodynamics by publishing a report entitled the Driving force of the heat, in which it develops the work of the physicist Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, deceased two years before. In this memory, it gives in particular a graphic translation of the Carnot theorem, which stipulates that the output of a heat engine with two heat reservoirs is maximum if the machine functions in a reversible way. This diagram of Clapeyron constitutes a representation of the states of a fluid by means of curves giving the pressure of the fluid according to its volume to a given temperature. 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Sadi Carnot ( Paris, June 1, 1796 - Paris, August 24, 1832) was a French mathematician who wrote on the principles of the second law of thermodynamics in his treatise on heat engines (Carnot cycle). ... A heat engine is an engine that uses heat to produce mechanical work by carrying a working substance through a cyclic process. ... A heat engine performs the conversion of heat energy to work by exploiting the temperature gradient between a hot source and a cold sink. Heat is transferred to the sink from the source, and in this process some of the heat is converted into work. ... Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the measure of the force that acts on a unit area. ... Volume (also called capacity) is a quantification of how much space an object occupies. ... Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ...

In 1843, Clapeyron defines the concept of reversible transformation. This concept enables him to write the principle of Carnot (corresponding to the second principle of thermodynamics) in the form of an equality, which makes it more usable in practice. Within this framework, it establishes the Clapeyron formula, relation which gives the latent heat of change of state of a pure substance. Clapeyron is also illustrated by many other work relating to the formulation of the equation of perfect gases, the equilibrium of homogeneous solids, or calculations of the constraints applying to beams. He was elected member of the Académie des Sciences in 1858. 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... A reversible process (or reversible cycle if the process is cyclic) , in thermodynamics, is a process that can be reversed by means of infinitesimal changes in some property of the system (Sears and Salinger, 1986). ... In physics, the second law of thermodynamics, in its many forms, is a statement about the quality and direction of energy flow, and it is closely related to the concept of entropy. ... Latent heat describes energy that is not stored as the internal energy of an object but in its phase state. ... An ideal gas (also called a perfect gas) is a hypothetical fluid consisting of particles that are identical to each other, occupy negligible volume and undergo perfect elastic collisions with each other, with no intermolecular forces and no intramolecular storage of energy, as opposed to a real gas, a gas... The French Academy of Sciences (Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. ... 1858 is a common year starting on Friday. ...

See also: Stefan problem In mathematics and its applications, particularly to phase transitions in matter, a Stefan problem (also Stefan task) is a particular kind of boundary value problem for a partial differential equation, adapted to the case in which a phase boundary can move with time. ...