Émile Ollivier, French statesman

Olivier Émile Ollivier (July 2, 1825 - August 20, 1913) was a French statesman. July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... Events January 4 - King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies and is succeeded by his son Francis I of the Two Sicilies. ... August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... The term statesman is a respectful term used to refer to diplomats, politicians, and other notable figures of state. ...

He was born at Marseilles. His father, Demosthènes Ollivier (1799-1884), was a vehement opponent of the July monarchy, and was returned by Marseilles to the Constituent Assembly in 1848. His opposition to Louis Napoleon led to his banishment after the coup d'etat of December 1851, and he returned to France only in 1860. On the establishment of the short-lived Second Republic his father's influence with Ledru-Rollin secured for Émile Ollivier the position of commissary-general of the department of Bouches-du-Rhône. Ollivier, then twenty-three, had just been called to the Parisian bar. Less radical in his political opinions than his father, he repressed a socialist outbreak at Marseilles, commending himself to General Cavaignac, who made him prefect of the department. He was shortly afterwards removed to the comparatively unimportant prefecture of Chaumont (Haute-Marne), a semi-disgrace perhaps brought about by his father's enemies. He resigned from the civil service to take up practice at the bar, where his brilliant abilities assured his success. Marseilles redirects here. ... ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... Haute-Marne is a département in the northeast of France named after the Marne River. ...

He re-entered political life in 1857 as deputy for the 3rd circumscription of the Seine département. His candidature had been supported by the Siècle, and he joined the constitutional opposition. With Alfred Darimon, Jules Favre, JL Hénon and Ernest Picard he formed the group known as Les Cinq, which wrung from Napoleon III some concessions in the direction of constitutional government. The imperial decree of November 24, permitting the insertion of parliamentary reports in the Moniteur, and an address from the Corps Législatif in reply to the speech from the throne, were welcomed by him as a first instalment of reform. This acquiescence marked a considerable change of attitude, for only a year previously a violent attack on the imperial government, in the course of a defence of Étienne Vacherot, brought to trial for the publication of La Démocratie, had resulted in his suspension from the bar for three months. He gradually separated from his old associates, who grouped themselves around Jules Favre, and during the session of 1866-1867 Ollivier formed a third party, which definitely supported the principle of a Liberal Empire. 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France, roughly analogous to British counties and are now grouped into 22 metropolitan and four overseas régions. ... Jules Claude Gabriel Favre (March 21, 1809 - January 20, 1880) was a French statesman. ... Louis Joseph Ernest Picard (December 24, 1821 - May 13, 1877) was a French politician. ... Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808 - January 9, 1873) was the son of King Louis Bonaparte and Queen Hortense de Beauharnais; both monarchs of the French puppet state, the Kingdom of Holland. ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

On the last day of December 1866, Count AFJ Walewski, acting in continuance of negotiations already begun by the duc de Morny, offered Ollivier the ministry of education with the function of representing the general policy of the government in the Chamber. The imperial decree of January 19, 1867, together with the promise inserted in the Moniteur of a relaxation of the stringency of the press laws and of concessions in respect of the right of public meeting, failed to satisfy Ollivier's demands, and he refused office. On the eve of the general election of 1869 he published a manifesto, Le 19 janvier, in justification of his policy. The sénatus-consulte of September 8, 1869 gave the two chambers the ordinary parliamentary rights, and was followed by the dismissal of Eugène Rouher and the formation in the last week of 1869 of a responsible ministry of which Ollivier was really premier, although that office was not nominally recognized by the constitution. 1866 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Alexandre Florian Joseph Colonna, Comte Walewski (May 4, 1810 - October 27, 1868), French politician and diplomat, was born at Walewice near Warsaw, the son of Napoleon I and his mistress Marie, Countess Walewski. ... Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, duc de Morny ( October 21, 1811 - March 10, 1865), French statesman, was the natural son of Hortense de Beauharnais (wife of Louis Bonaparte, and queen of Holland) and Charles Joseph, comte de Flahaut, and therefore halfbrother of Napoleon III. He was born in Paris, and his... January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The new cabinet, known as the ministry of January 2, had a hard task before it, complicated a week after its formation by, the shooting of Victor Noir by Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte. Ollivier immediately summoned the high court of justice for the judgment of Prince Bonaparte and Joachim Murat. The riots following on the murder were suppressed without bloodshed; circulars were sent round to the prefects forbidding them in future to put pressure on the electors in favour of official candidates; Baron Haussmann was dismissed from the prefecture of the Seine département; the violence of the press campaign against the emperor, to whom he had promised a happy old age, was broken by the prosecution of Henri Rochefort; and on April 20 a sénatus-consulte was issued which accomplished the transformation of the Empire into a constitutional monarchy. Neither concessions nor firmness sufficed to appease the "Irreconcilables" of the opposition, who since the relaxation of the press laws were able to influence the electorate. On May 8, however, the amended constitution was submitted, on Rouher's advice, to a plebiscite, which resulted in a vote of nearly seven to one in favour of the government. The most distinguished members of the Left in his cabinet--LJ Buffet, Napoleon Daru and Talhouët Roy--resigned in April on the question of the plebiscite. Ollivier himself held the ministry of foreign affairs for a few weeks, until Daru was replaced by the duc de Gramont, destined to be Ollivier's evil genius. The other vacancies were filled by JP Mège and CI Plichon, both of them of Conservative tendencies. January 2 is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Legend has it that rubbing certain parts of this life-size statue atop Victor Noirs grave ensures a blissful sex life. ... Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte (October 11, 1815 - April 7, 1881) was the son of Lucien Bonaparte and nephew of Emperor Napoleon. ... Joachim Murat, (March 25, 1767 - October 13, 1815), a marshal of France, was King of Naples from 1808 to 1815. ... Georges-Eugène, Baron Haussmann (March 27, 1809 – January 11, 1891) was a French civic planner whose name is associated with the rebuilding of Paris. ... Henri, marquis de Rochefort-Lucay (January 30, 1831 - 1913), French politician, was born in Paris. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... Louis Buffet, French statesman Louis Joseph Buffet (1818-1898) was a French statesman. ...

The revival of the candidature of Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen for the throne of Spain early in 1870 disconcerted Ollivier's plans. The French government, following Gramont's advice, instructed Benedetti to demand from the king of Prussia a formal disavowal of the Hohenzollern candidature. Ollivier allowed himself to be won over by the war party. It is unlikely that he could have prevented the eventual outbreak of war, but he might have postponed it if he had taken time to hear Benedetti's account of the incident. He was outmanoeuvred by Otto von Bismarck, and on July 15 he made a hasty declaration in the Chamber that the Prussian government had issued to the powers a note announcing the rebuff received by Benedetti. He obtained a war vote of 500,000,000 francs, and used the fatal words that he accepted the responsibility of the war "with a light heart," saying that the war had been forced on France. On August 9, with the news of the first disaster, the Ollivier cabinet was driven from office, and its chief sought refuge from the general rage in Italy. He returned to France in 1873, but although he carried on an active campaign in the Bonapartist Estafette his political power was gone, and even in his own party he came into collision in 1880 with Paul de Cassagnac. 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Vincent, Count Benedetti (April 29, 1817 - March 28, 1900), was a French diplomat. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia ( German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and... Alternative meanings: See Bismarck (disambiguation). ... July 15 is the 196th day (197th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 169 days remaining. ... August 9 is the 221st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (222nd in leap years), with 144 days remaining. ...

During his retirement he employed himself in writing a history of L'Empire liberal, the first volume of which appeared in 1895. The work really dealt with the remote and immediate causes of the war, and was the author's apology for his blunder. The 13th volume showed that the immediate blame could not justly be placed entirely on his shoulders. His other works include:

• Democratic et liberté (1867)
• Le Ministère du 2 janvier, mes discours (1875)
• Principes et conduite (1875)
• L'Eglise et l'Etat au concile du Vatican (2 vols., 1879)
• Solutions politiques et sociales (1893)
• Nouveau Manuel du droit ecclésiastique français (1885).

He had many connexions with the literary and artistic world, being one of the early Parisian champions of Richard Wagner; Elected to the Academy in 1870, he did not take his seat, his reception being indefinitely postponed. His first wife, Blandine Liszt, was the daughter of the Abbé Liszt by Mme d'Agoult (Daniel Stern). She died in 1862, and Ollivier married in 1869 Mlle Gravier. Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 – February 13, 1883) was an influential German composer, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas. ...

Ollivier's own view of his political life is given in his L'Empire liberal, which must always be an important "document" for the history of his time; but the book must be treated with no less caution than respect.

Initial text from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. Please update as needed. (Redirected from 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica) The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...

The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... Categories: French government | Stub ... In 1589, the four French Secretaries of State became specialized, with one of the secretaries responsible for foreign affairs. ...