The circumflex ( ˆ ) is a diacritic mark used in written Greek, French, Esperanto, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak, Vietnamese, Japanese romaji, Welsh, Portuguese, Italian, and other languages. A diacritic mark or accent mark is an additional mark added to a basic letter. ... The Greek language (Greek Ελληνικά, IPA – Hellenic) is an Indo-European language with a documented history of some 3,000 years. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... Esperanto flag Esperanto is a constructed international auxiliary language. ... Norwegian is a Germanic language spoken in Norway. ... Romanian (limba română ) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken by about 28 million people, most of them in Romania, Moldova (where it is the official language) and nearby countries. ... The Slovak language (slovenčina, slovenský jazyk) is an Indo-European language, more precisely a West Slavic language (together with mainly the Czech, Polish, and Sorbian languages). ... Vietnamese (tiếng Việt, less commonly tiếng Việt Nam or Việt ngữ), formerly known as Annamite, is the national and official language of Vietnam (Việt Nam). ... Rōmaji (ローマ字 characters of Rome, frequently misspelled romanji in English), is a Japanese term for the Latin alphabet. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... Portuguese (português) is a Romance language predominantly spoken in Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and East Timor. ... Italian is a Romance language spoken by about 70 million people, most of whom live in Italy. ...

• In Greek the circumflex occurs (subject to certain rules) on the accented syllable of a word, on long vowels only, where there was a rise and then a fall in tone in Ancient Greek. It is used in the traditional polytonic orthography, sometimes taking a form similar to a tilde, but the monotonic orthography used for Modern Greek has replaced it with an acute accent.

• In French the circumflex is used on the vowels â, ê, î ô, and û. It generally marks the former presence of the letter s in the spelling of the word – for example, hôpital (hospital), forêt (forest); remark that the former French spelling is current in English. Certain close homophones are distinguished by the circumflex, for instance cote and côte (the former meaning "level", "mark", the latter meaning "rib" or "coast"). ê is pronounced like è. In the usual pronunciations of central and northern France, ô is pronounced like eau; in the usual pronunciations Southern France, no distinction is made between ô and o.

• In Chichewa, ŵ denotes the voiced bilabial fricative (IPA: β), hence the name of the country Malaŵi.

• In Esperanto, it is used on ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, and ŝ. It indicates a completely different consonant from the unaccented form, and is considered a separate letter for purposes of collation. See Esperanto orthography.

• In Norwegian, it is used, with the exception of loan words, on ô and ê, almost exclusively in the words "fôr" (from Norse fóðr), meaning "animal food", lêr, meaning "skin" (Norse leðr) and "vêr" (Norse veðr), meaning "weather".

• In English the circumflex, like other diacriticals, is sometimes retained on loanwords that used it in the original language; for example, rôle. In Britain in the eighteenth century, which was before the cheap penny post and a era in which paper was taxed, the circumflex was used in postal letters to save room in an analogy with the French use. Specifically, the letters "ugh" were replaced when they were silent in the most common words, e.g., "thô" for "though", "thorô" for "thorough", and "brôt" for "brought" — a precursor of the ways in which trendy young people nowadays abbreviate text messages. This could have led to spelling simplification, but did not.

• In Romanian, the circumflex is used on the vowels â and î to mark a sound similar to Russian 'yery'. Their names are "â din a" and "î din i".

• In Slovak, circumflex (vokáň) turns the letter "o" into a diphthong ô / u̯o/.

• In Vietnamese, the circumflex helps to distinguish three couples of vowels : ô [o] and o [ ɔ], ê [e] and e [ ɛ], â [ ɐ] and a [ ɑ]. It is not a tonal mark, so that you can for instance find association of circumflex and tonal mark, like ệ, which appears in the word Việt Nam

• In Kunrei-shiki romanized Japanese, the circumflex marks long vowels. It is also occasionally used as a surrogate for the macron for marking long vowels in the Hepburn system.

• In Welsh the circumflex (colloquially known as the tô bach -- "little roof") is used on the vowels a, e, i, o, u, w, y to differentiate between other words that have the same spelling. The circumflex in Welsh gives a vowel a long sound, for example môr versus mor.

• In Portuguese, it is used on â, ê and ô. It mainly marks the tonic syllable when the vowel is rounded (usually before -m and -n: pântano (bog), câmara (chamber or camera). It is sometimes used to distinguish homophone words, e.g. tem (he has) and têm (they have). The use of circumflex has been much reduced as a consequence of the orthographic reforms.

• in Italian it is used in plurals of singulars ending with ...io, thus ending them with a longer i, in modern Italian this is accomplished with a double or just a single i as in varî, varj, varii, vari ("various", plural of vario).

• in transcription of Akkadian, it is used to indicate a long vowel resulting from an aleph contraction.

The ISO-8859-1 character encoding includes the letters â, ê, î, ô, û, and their respective capital forms. Dozens more letters with the circumflex are available in Unicode. Unicode also provides the circumflex as a combining character. The Greek language (Greek Ελληνικά, IPA – Hellenic) is an Indo-European language with a documented history of some 3,000 years. ... The Greek language (Greek Ελληνικά, IPA // – Hellenic) is an Indo-European language with a documented history of some 3,000 years. ... Polytonic orthography is the traditional way of writing Greek, which is used for Ancient Greek, Koine and Katharevousa but since the 1980s has mostly been replaced by monotonic orthography for Modern Greek. ... The tilde is a grapheme which has several uses, described below. ... Monotonic orthography is the simplified way for spelling modern Greek introduced in the 1980s. ... Modern Greek (Κοινή Νεοελληνική — Common Neo-Hellenic) is the present vernacular language of Greece, Cyprus and the Greek Diaspora throughout the world. ... The acute accent (´) is a diacritic mark used in written French, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician, Greek, Welsh, Hungarian, Faroese, Icelandic, Italian, Swedish, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Vietnamese, Dutch, Irish Gaelic, Croatian, Navajo and other languages. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... Homonyms (in Greek homoios = identical and onoma = name) are words which have the same form (orthographic/phonetic) but unrelated meaning. ... The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. ... Chichewa is the official national language of the Republic of Malawi. ... This article is about the alphabet officially used in linguistics. ... The Republic of Malawi is a land-locked nation in east Africa. ... Esperanto flag Esperanto is a constructed international auxiliary language. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Esperanto is written in an alphabet of twenty-eight letters. ... Norwegian is a Germanic language spoken in Norway. ... Old Norse is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until the 13th century. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A loanword (or a borrowing) is a word taken in by one language from another. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... The Penny Post is any one of several postal systems in which normal letters could be sent for one penny. ... Romanian (limba română ) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken by about 28 million people, most of them in Romania, Moldova (where it is the official language) and nearby countries. ... The Slovak language (slovenčina, slovenský jazyk) is an Indo-European language, more precisely a West Slavic language (together with mainly the Czech, Polish, and Sorbian languages). ... Vietnamese (tiếng Việt, less commonly tiếng Việt Nam or Việt ngữ), formerly known as Annamite, is the national and official language of Vietnam (Việt Nam). ... The close-mid back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... The open-mid back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... The close-mid front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... The open-mid front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... The near-open central vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... The open back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Tone refers to the use of pitch in language to distinguish words. ... Kunrei-shiki (訓令式, Cabinet-ordered system) is a romanization system, that is, a system for transcribing the Japanese language into the Roman alphabet. ... Rōmaji (ローマ字 characters of Rome, frequently misspelled romanji in English), is a Japanese term for the Latin alphabet. ... The Japanese language is a spoken and written language used mainly in Japan. ... A macron (from Gr. ... For other meanings, see Hepburn (disambiguation). ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... Portuguese (português) is a Romance language predominantly spoken in Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and East Timor. ... Italian is a Romance language spoken by about 70 million people, most of whom live in Italy. ... Transcription may be one of the following: In linguistics, transcription is the conversion of spoken words into written language. ... Akkadian was a language of the Semitic family spoken in ancient Mesopotamia, particularly by the Assyrians and Babylonians. ... ALEPH (Apparatus for LEP Physics at CERN) is one of the four detectors of the LEP collider Categories: Stub | Particle detectors ... ISO 8859-1, more formally cited as ISO/IEC 8859-1 or less formally as Latin-1, is part 1 of ISO/IEC 8859, a standard character encoding defined by ISO. It encodes what it refers to as Latin alphabet no. ... Majuscules or capital letters (in the Roman alphabet: A, B, C, ...) are one type of case in a writing system. ... In computing, Unicode is the international standard whose goal is to provide the means to encode the text of every document people want to store in computers. ... This article shows Unicode characters from 128 to 999. ...

The circumflex receives its English name from Latin circumflexus (bent about) which in turn is a translation of the Greek perispomene (περισπωμένη). Latin - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...

The circumflex (or caret) character is also used without a vowel to represent exponentiation in ASCII: Caret may mean: the ASCII character ^ (0x5E hex), called circumflex accent in the Unicode standard the Unicode character ‸ (U+2038), the actual caret of the Unicode standard in Windows API terminology, it means text insertion point indicator (whereas the word cursor is reserved for mouse pointer) This is a disambiguation... In mathematics, exponentiation is a process generalized from repeated multiplication, in much the same way that multiplication is a process generalized from repeated addition. ... There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126. ...

 2^3 = 8 

Circumflex is an important Dutch student union. The word Dutch when used alone, has several possible meanings in the English language. ...

External links

• Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents (http://diacritics.typo.cz)

See also

• acute accent
• diacritic marks
• diaeresis
• grave accent
• umlaut