Etienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne

Etienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne (October 9, 1727 - 16 February 1794) was a French churchman and politician. This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or more. ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in Leap years). ... Events June 11 - George, Prince of Wales becomes King George II of Great Britain. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A politician is an individual involved in politics. ...

He was born at Paris, of a Limousin family traceable back to the 15th century. After a brilliant career as a student, he entered the Church, this being the best way to attain a distinguished position. In 1751 he became a doctor of theology, though there were doubts as to the orthodoxy of his thesis. In 1752 he was appointed grand vicar to the Archbishop of Rouen. After visiting Rome, he was made Bishop of Condom (1760), and in 1763 was translated to the archbishopric of Toulouse. His many famous friends included ARJ Turgot, André Morellet and Voltaire, and in 1770 he was elected to the Académie française. He was three times head of the bureau de jurisdiction at the general assembly of the clergy; he also took an interest in political and social questions of the day, and addressed to Turgot a number of memoires on these subjects, one of them, treating of pauperism, being especially remarkable. The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Capital Limoges Area 16,942 km² Regional President Jean-Paul Denanot Population  - 2004 estimate  - 1999 census  - Density 710,939 42/km² Arrondissements 8 Cantons 106 Communes 747 Départements Corrèze Creuse Haute-Vienne Limousin is a former province of France and now a region of France, around the city... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Events Adam Smith is appointed professor of logic at the University of Glasgow March 31 - The future King George III of the United Kingdom succeeds his father as Prince of Wales. ... Theology is literally rational discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, rational discourse). By extension, it also refers to the study of other religious topics. ... Location within France Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northern France, and presently the capital of the Upper Normandy région. ... Location within Italy The Roman Colosseum Rome (Italian and Latin: Roma) is the capital city of Italy and of its Latium region. ... The Capitole, the 18th century city hall of Toulouse and best known landmark in the city; in the foreground is the Place du Capitole, a hub of urban life at the very center of the city Toulouse (pronounced in standard French, in local Toulouse accent) ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced ) is a... Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune, often referred to as Turgot (May 10, 1727 – March 18, 1781), was a French statesman and economist. ... André Morellet ( March 7, 1727 - January 12, 1819) was a French economist and writer. ... Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (November 21, 1694 – May 30, 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, deist and philosopher. ... The Académie française, or French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. ...

In 1787 he was nominated as president of the Assembly of Notables, in which capacity he attacked the fiscal policy of Calonne, whom he succeeded as head of the conseil des finances on May 1 1787. Once in power, he succeeded in making the parlement register edicts dealing with internal free trade, the establishment of provincial assemblies and the redemption of the corvee; on their refusal to register edicts on the stamp duty and the proposed new general land-tax, he persuaded King Louis XVI to hold a lit de justice, to enforce their registration. To crush the opposition to these measures, he persuaded the king to exile the parlement to Troyes (August 18, 1787). On the agreement of the parlement to prolong the direct tax on all kinds of income, he recalled the councillors to Paris. A further attempt to force the parlement to register an edict for raising a loan of 120 million livres met with determined opposition. The struggle of the parlement against the incapacity of Brienne ended on May 8 in its consenting to an edict for its own abolition, with the proviso that the states-general should be summoned to remedy the disorders of the state. 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Alexandre, vicomte de Calonne (1734 _ October 30, 1802) was a French statesman. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... Parlements (pronounced in French) in ancien régime France — contrary to what their name would suggest to the modern reader — were not democratic or political institutions, but law courts . ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ... Corvée, or corvée labor, is a term used in feudal societies. ... Louis XVI Louis XVI (August 23, 1754 - January 21, 1793), was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French in 1791-1792. ... Troyes is a town in northeastern France. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... The word States-General, or Estates-General, refers in English to : the Etats-Généraux of France before the French Revolution the Staten-Generaal of the Netherlands. ...

Brienne, who had in the meantime been made Archbishop of Sens, now faced almost universal opposition; he was forced to suspend the Cour plenière which had been set up to take the place of the parlement, and to promise that the states-general should be summoned. Even these concessions were not enough to keep him in power, and on August 29 he had to retire, leaving the treasury empty. On December 15 following, he was made a cardinal, and went to Italy, where he spent two years. After the outbreak of the French Revolution he returned to France, and took the oath of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy in 1790. He was repudiated by the pope, and in 1791 had to give up the biretta at the command of Pope Pius VI. Both his past and present conduct made him an object of suspicion to the revolutionaries; he was arrested at Sens on November 9, 1793, and died in prison, either of an apoplectic stroke or by poison. Sens is a town of Burgundy, France. ... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking just below the Pope and appointed by him as a member of the College of Cardinals, during a consistory. ... The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... The law of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (Fr. ... The biretta is a square cap with three ridges or peaks (four for those who hold Doctorates of Sacred Theology or STD), surmounted by a tuft, traditionally worn by Roman Catholic clergy, as well as by some clergy of the Anglican Churches. ... Pius VI, né Giovanni Angelo Braschi (December 27, 1717 – August 29, 1799), pope from 1775 to 1799, was born at Cesena. ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

The chief works published by Brienne are: Oraison funébre du Dauphin (Paris, 1766); Compte-rendu au roi (Paris, 1788); Le Conciliateur, in collaboration with Turgot (Rome, Paris, 1754). See also J Perrin, Le Cardinal Loménie de Brienne ... episodes de la Révolution (Sens, 1896).

Reference

• This entry incorporates public domain text originally from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica.