Österland, or Österlanden, is a historical land of Sweden. Österland, which literally means eastern lands, is the old name for what today geographically is the southern part of the Republic of Finland. It is bounded to the north by the sparsely populated Norrland. Sweden was historically divided into four Lands or Landsdelar: Götaland Svealand Norrland Österland Götaland and Svealand were once, in prehistoric times which only later chronicles have written about, rival kingdoms before being united under one Crown by Svealand. ... Norrland is a historical land of Sweden. ...

Provinces

The following seven provinces formed Österland: The provinces or landskap were the subdivision of Sweden until 1634, when they were replaced by counties in a reform, led by Axel Oxenstierna, that still remains in force in Sweden proper. ...

History

Traditional "lands" of Sweden. (Different stages of expansion marked by shades. Borders as of year 1700.)

From early middle ages the Swedish Vikings had been settled on both sides of the Baltic sea. Following this long standing Swedish presence along the coast of southern Finland, in the 12th century the kings of the recently christianized Svealand, under influence from the Church, launched "crusades" which eventually resulted in the conquest of the entire Finland. The conquest took place at the same time or later than Sweden was united under one king; and Österland was seen as a constituent part of the Swedish kingdom, although represented in the elections of Swedish kings first in 15 February 1362 (when Haakon Magnusson was elected as co-king of his father). Map Lands of Sweden File links The following pages link to this file: Lands of Sweden Österland Sweden-Finland Categories: Images with unknown source ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, the British Isles, and other parts of Europe from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Eastern Europe and Central Europe, and the Danish islands. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... The historical phenomenon of Christianization, the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire peoples at once (a political shift as much as a spontaneous mass shift in individual consciences), also includes the practice of converting pagan cult practices, pagan religious imagery, pagan sites and the pagan calendar... Svealand is a historical region of Sweden. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... This article is about historical Crusades . ... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 - 1362 - 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 See also: 1362 state leaders Events Under Edward III, French as Englands national language, for the first time...

An interpretation has been made that the part "Vend" in the later established titulary of Kings of Sweden (three crowns in the Coat of Arms, three kingdoms: Kings of Svears, Götars och Vends; Sveriges, Götes och Vendes Konung) means Finland, the form being akin to Findland, Vindland. As such, the Österland (=medievally inhabited parts of Finland) was the third kingdom and part of the realm.

In 1581, the provinces of Österland were declared a Grand Duchy by King John III of Sweden, who as a prince, in 1556, had been granted that territory as a duchy created beside other duchies ruled by his brothers. The creation of the Grand Duchy was chiefly a part of the infighting between the late King Gustav Vasa's sons, and had no lasting effects. Events January 16 - English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism April 4 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. July 26 - The Northern Netherlands proclaim their independence from Spain in the Oath of Abjuration. ... A grand duchy is a form of principality which has a Grand Duke or a Grand Duchess as head of state. ... John III of Sweden or Johan III of the Royal House of Vasa, was the king of Sweden (1568-1592). ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. ... Gustav I of Sweden, Gustav Vasa or Gustav Eriksson (Vasa) (probably May 12, 1496 – September 29, 1560), became king of Sweden in 1523 and was the first monarch of the house of Vasa. ...

The notion Österland(en) fell gradually off use. In the 17th century often substituted by "Finland and Ostrobothnia", letting the coastal provinces Finland Proper and Ostrobothnia lend their names to their large backlands, although Viborg's and Kexholm's provinces were occasionally mentioned separately. During the parliamentary era of the 18th century, by the Swedes known as the Age of Liberty, virtually the whole of present-day Finland was twice occupied by Russian forces (1714–1721 and 1742–1743), by the Finns known as the Greater Wrath and the Lesser Wrath. After that, "Finland" became the predominant term for that area — both in domestic Swedish debate and in Russian propaganda promising liberation from Swedish oppression. Finland Proper, Varsinais-Suomi or Egentliga Finland, is a historical province in south western Finland. ... Ostrobothnia, Österbotten (literally East (of) Bottom / the Gulf of Bothnia) or Pohjanmaa (literally Bottom land / soil / ground), is a historical province to the north in Finland. ... Viborg and Nyslott County, Viborgs och Nyslotts län or Viipurin ja Savonlinnan lääni, was a county of Sweden from 1634 to 1721, when by the Treaty of Nystad Vyborg was ceded to Russia. ... Kexholm County, Kexholms län or Käkisalmen lääni, was a county of Sweden from 1634 to 1721 when it was ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Nystad. ... A parliamentary system, or parliamentarism, is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ... The Great Northern War See also: Great Northern War The victory at Narva Charles XI of Sweden had carefully provided against the contingency of his successors minority; and the five regents appointed by him, if not great statesmen, were at least practical politicians who had not been trained in... Events August 1 - George, elector of Hanover becomes King George I of Great Britain. ... Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 - Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 - Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November 2 - Peter I is proclaimed Emperor of All the Russias... Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ... The Swedish Victory at Narva, 1700 by Gustaf Cederström, painted 1910 Battle of Poltava as painted by Denis Martens the Younger in 1726 The Great Northern War was the war fought between a coalition of Russia, Denmark-Norway and Saxony-Poland (from 1715 also Prussia and Hanover) on one... Gustav IIIs Russian War, also known as the Russo-Swedish War, was fought between Sweden and Russia from June 1788 to August 1790. ...

Österlanden remained part of Sweden until the Finnish war of 1808–09, when it was ceded to Russia along with eastern Norrland and came to constitute the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland. The Finnish War was fought between Sweden and Russia from February 1808 to September 1809. ... 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Norrland is a historical land of Sweden. ... The Grand Duchy of Finland was a state that existed 1809–1917. ...

See also: Historical provinces of Finland The historical provinces (Finnish: maakunta, Swedish: landskap) of Finland is a legacy of the countrys joint history with Sweden. ...