.30 Carbine (7.62×33)
.30 Carbine cartridge at right, 8 mm Lebel center
Type	Carbine, Pistol
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	World War II to 1960s
Used by	United States
Wars	World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War(limited)
Production history
Designed	World War II
Produced	World War II to 1950s, present (civilian)
Variants	M1, M6 (Grenade), M13 (Dummy), M18 (Heavy, High Pressure Test) 152gr, M27 (Tracer)
Specifications
Bullet diameter	7.82 mm (0.308 in)
Neck diameter	8.41 mm (0.331 in)
Base diameter	8.99 mm (0.354 in)
Rim diameter	9.14 mm (0.36 in)
Case length	32.76 mm (1.29 in)
Overall length	41.91 mm (1.65 in)
Rifling twist	1:20"
Primer type	Small pistol
Ballistic performance
Bullet weight/type	Velocity	Energy
110 gr FMJ	600 m/s (~1968 ft/s)	1190 J (~875 ft·lbf)
Test barrel length: 457.2 Source: Winchester [1]

The .30 Carbine (7.62 × 33 mm) is the cartridge used in the famous M1 Carbine introduced in the 1940s. It is an intermediate round designed to be fired from the M1 carbine's 18-inch (458 mm) barrel. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A carbine is a firearm similar to, but generally shorter and less powerful than, a rifle or musket of a given period. ... A Browning 9 millimeter Hi-Power Ordnance pistol of the French Navy, 19th century, using a Percussion cap mechanism Derringers were small and easily hidden. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Combatants United Nations:  Republic of Korea,  Australia,  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  Canada,  Colombia,  Ethiopia,  France,  Greece,  Luxembourg,  Netherlands,  New Zealand,  Philippines,  South Africa,  Thailand,  Turkey,  United Kingdom,  United States Medical staff:  Denmark,  Australia,  Italy,  Norway,  Sweden Communist states:  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,  Peoples Republic of China,  Soviet Union Commanders... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... A bullet is a solid projectile propelled by a firearm or air gun and is normally made from metal (usually lead). ... Rifling of a Canon de 75 modèle 1897 A 35 caliber Remington, with a microgroove rifled barrel with a right hand twist. ... The percussion cap or primer was the crucial invention that enabled firearms to fire in any weather. ... A grain is a unit of mass equal to 0. ... An example of FMJ bullets in their usual shapes: pointed (spitzer) for the rifle and round for the pistol. ... Metre per second (U.S. spelling: meter per second) is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. ... Feet per second is a unit of speed; it expressses the number of feet traveled in one second. ... The joule (IPA pronunciation: or ) (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. ... The foot-pound force (symbol: ft·lbf) is an English unit of work or energy from the English Engineering System. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The M1 Carbine (formally the United States Carbine, Caliber . ...

History

The .30 Carbine cartridge and the M1 Carbine were developed to provide assault troops and rear area units more firepower and accuracy than the standard issue M1911A1 .45 ACP caliber handgun and .45 Thompson submachine gun. The weapon was originally issued with a straight 15-round detachable magazine. The cartridge itself is basically a rimless .308 caliber version of the much older .32 Winchester Self-Loading cartridge of 1906.^[2] However, the propellant was much newer, taking advantage of chemistry advances. The M1911 is a single-action, semiautomatic handgun chambered for the . ... .45 ACP cartridges .45 redirects here. ... For the Clash song, see Tommy Gun (song). ...

While its straight case (it is not a straight case, it is tapered for easy extraction and problematic to reload-see specifications below) and round-nosed bullet (the bullet has a pronounced ogive, again-see below)lead some to believe it was designed for use in pistols, tank crews, drivers, artillery crews, mortar crews, paratroopers and other line-of-communications personnel were issued the M1 Carbine in lieu of the larger, heavier M1 Garand. The M1 Carbine and its reduced-power .30 cartridge was never intended to serve as a primary infantry weapon, nor was it comparable to more powerful assault rifles developed late in the war. Nevertheless, the carbine was soon issued to infantry officers, machine-gun crews, paratroops, and other front line soldiers. The M1 Garand (more formally the United States Rifle, Caliber . ...

Its reputation in combat was mixed. Some infantrymen and Marines, especially those who did not use a rifle as their primary weapon, preferred the carbine over the M1 Garand because of the weapon's small size and light weight. Other soldiers found the weapon to have insufficient stopping power and penetration. Reports of Japanese and German soldiers being shot multiple times in chest and body without immediate effect began to surface, and like the .45 Thompson, some troops found the .30 Carbine cartridge incapable of penetrating small trees and other light cover.^[3]

The M1 Carbine and its replacement the M2 Carbine continued in use during the Korean War. The M2 Carbine featured a selective-fire switch allowing optional fully-automatic fire at a rather high rate (850–900 rpm) and a 30-round magazine. Both versions acquired a poor reputation for jamming in extreme cold weather conditions, eventually traced to inadequate recoil impulse and weak recoil springs.

A postwar U.S. Army evaluation reported on the weapon's cold-weather shortcomings, and noted complaints of failure to stop heavily-clothed North Korean and Chinese troops at close range after multiple hits. Recent test have shown however that the round in fact has significant penetrative capabilities, and the reports contrary should be considered hyperbole. ^[4] Despite this record, the carbine was again issued to some U.S. troops in Vietnam, particularly reconnaissance units (LRRP) and advisors as a substitute standard weapon. Reports of stopping ineffectiveness in close combat continued to dog the M1/M2 carbine until it was finally withdrawn from U.S. service.

In 1994, Israel introduced the Magal, a compact weapon based on the Galil MAR using the .30 Carbine cartridge. After complaints of overheating and other malfunctions, the Magal was withdrawn from service in 2001. The M1 Carbine is still issued to the Israel Police and Civil Guard. Estonian soldiers armed with Galil rifles in Baghdad during the Iraq War. ... Israeli Police logo The Israel Police (משטרת ישראל Mishteret Yisrael) is a civilian force in the State of Israel. ... Civil Guard logo For the Spanish Civil Guard, see Civil Guard (Spain). ...

Civilian use

Today the .30 Carbine cartridge is used by civilians who have an M1 Carbine or other firearm chambered for that cartridge. It is considered a small-game cartridge, of marginal power for deer-size game.^[2] A number of handguns are chambered for .30 Carbine ammunition, such as the AMT Automag III pistol and the Ruger Blackhawk revolver. Full-jacketed .30 Carbine ammunition is considered an ineffective self-defense cartridge in pistols, as their short barrel length robs the round of much of its power. Even in longer-barreled carbines, the high sectional density of the projectile causes the bullet to overpenetrate, causing little tissue damage. On the other hand, hollowpoint cartridges, offered by only a few manufacturers, are considered reasonably effective as a self-defense cartridge, even in pistols. While its heyday in the Second World War and Korean War has passed (as well as in the Vietnam War), the popularity of the M1 Carbine for collecting, sporting and re-enactment use has resulted in continued popularity of the .30 Carbine cartridge. The Ruger Blackhawk, manufactured by Sturm & Ruger, is a 6-shot, single-action revolver. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Combatants United Nations:  Republic of Korea,  Australia,  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  Canada,  Colombia,  Ethiopia,  France,  Greece,  Luxembourg,  Netherlands,  New Zealand,  Philippines,  South Africa,  Thailand,  Turkey,  United Kingdom,  United States Medical staff:  Denmark,  Australia,  Italy,  Norway,  Sweden Communist states:  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,  Peoples Republic of China,  Soviet Union Commanders... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...

Specifications

• Length:
  • Case: 1.29 in
  • Overall: 1.65 in
• Diameter:
  • Rim: .360 in
  • Base: .354 in
  • Neck: .331 in
  • Bullet (nominal): .3085 in (.308 cal)
• Bullet weight: 110 gr
• Muzzle velocity: 1975 ft/s
• This cartridge has a tapered case for reliable feeding and should be full length resized when reloading.

A standard .30 caliber ball round weighs 110 grains (7.1 g) m and has a muzzle velocity of 1,900 ft/s, (580 m/s) giving it 880 foot-pounds (1,190 joules) of energy. By comparison, a .357 Magnum revolver fires the same weight bullet at about 1,300 ft/s (396 m/s) for about 410 foot-pounds (560 J) of energy, though it is important to note that the .357 bullet is larger in diameter (caliber) and is normally an expanding or hollow-point design.^[5]

Cartridge types

Common types used by the military with the carbine include:

• Cartridge, Caliber .30, Carbine, Ball, M1
• Cartridge, Caliber .30, Carbine, Grenade, M6
• Cartridge, Dummy, Caliber .30, Carbine, M13
• Cartridge, Caliber .30, Carbine, Ball, High Pressure Test, M18
• Cartridge, Caliber .30, Carbine, Tracer; M27

Synonyms

• .30 M1 Carbine
• 7.62 × 33 mm

See also

• List of handgun cartridges
• List of rifle cartridges
• 7 mm caliber

Common handgun cartridges. ... Left to Right: .17 HM2, .17 HMR, .22LR, .22 WMR, .17 SMc, 5mm/35 SMc, .22 Hornet, .223 Remington, .223 WSSM, .243 Winchester, .243 Winchester Improved (Ackley), .25-06, .270 Winchester, .308, .30-06, .45-70 Govt, .50-90 Sharps From left to right: .50 BMG, 300 Win Mag, .308... A . ...

Books/References

1. ^ Winchester Ammunition
2. ^ ^{a b} Barnes, Frank C., Cartridges of the World, DBI Books, 1975, 1989
3. ^ Dunlap, Roy F., Ordnance Went Up Front, Samworth Press, 1948.
4. ^ The Box O Truth #36: Frozen Clothing and the Box O Truth. Retrieved on 2007-04-18
5. ^ Winchester Ammunition

• U.S. Army, Commentary on Infantry and Weapons in Korea 1950–51, 1951