1080 is the commonly used name for sodium fluoroacetate (also known as sodium monofluoroacetate), a potent metabolic poison used primarily to control mammalian pests. The skull and crossbones symbol traditionally used to label a poisonous substance. ... Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of mammary glands... The primary meaning of pest is an animal which has characteristics which people regard as being injurious or harmful. ...

Sodium fluoroacetate structural formula

Sodium fluoroacetate structural formula. ... Sodium fluoroacetate structural formula. ...

History

Sodium fluoroacetate was discovered by German military chemists in World War II. The chemical was highly potent - theoretically, one tenth of a gram could kill a grown man - but it was difficult to deliver, requiring ingestion or injection for optimal effect. As such, it was largely overlooked until it was independently rediscovered by American chemists researching pesticides. The name "1080" refers to the catalogue number of the poison, which became its brand name. A chemist is a scientist who specializes in chemistry. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air, August 9, 1945. ... The gram or gramme, symbol g, is a unit of mass, and is defined in the SI system of units as one one-thousandth of a kilogram (i. ... An airplane spreading pesticide. ...

Mechanism of Action

1080 is believed to disrupt the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle). In the body the fluoroacetate is converted to fluorocitrate, a compound which prevents citrate from being used in the cycle. This results in an accumulation of citrate in the blood, and deprives cells of energy, leading to a slow and painful death as the body "suffocates from within". The citric acid cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ... Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits. ... Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are present in the blood and help carry oxygen to the rest of the cells in the body Blood is a circulating tissue composed of fluid plasma and cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). ...

Symptoms and Treatment

The symptoms of poisoning normally appear between 30 minutes and four hours after exposure. They include vomiting, involuntary hyper-extension of the limbs, convulsions, and finally cardiac and respiratory collapse. There is no known effective antidote. In humans, 1080 poisoning has somewhat similar symptoms to an acute heart attack. The term symptom (from the Greek syn = con/plus and pipto = fall, together meaning co-exist) has two similar meanings in the context of physical and mental health: A symptom can be a physical condition which shows that one has a particular illness or disorder (see e. ... Vomit being eaten by birds Vomiting (or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of ones stomach through the mouth. ... This article is about the medical condition. ... This page is about the muscular organ, the Heart. ... Respiration can refer to: Cellular respiration, which is the use of oxygen in the metabolism of organic molecules. ... An antidote is a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning. ... A myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, totally occluding the artery and preventing blood flow downstream. ...

Sublethal doses may cause damage to tissues with high energy needs - in particular, the brain, gonads, heart, lungs and foetus. In the anatomy of animals, the brain, or encephalon, is the supervisory center of the nervous system. ... A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, narrowly defined, is any of those parts of the body (which are not always bodily organs according to the strict definition) which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in an complex organism; namely: Male: penis (notably the glans penis... The heart (Latin cor) is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. ... The heart and lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) The lung is an organ belonging to the respiratory system and interfacing to the circulatory system of air-breathing vertebrates. ... Foetus can refer to: a fetus, an embryo in later stages of development Foetus, a band fronted by industrial music pioneer J.G. Thirlwell. ...

Sublethal doses of 1080 are typically completely metabolised and excreted within four days.

Natural Occurrence

Sodium fluoroacetate occurs naturally in at least 40 plants in Australia, Brazil and Africa. It is believed that the compound is even present in tea leaves in tiny amounts. The Australian pea family Gastrolobium ("poison peas"), have 1080 in the leaf tips and seeds. This forces livestock farmers in Western Australia to hand-weed out all the poison from their paddocks. It also means that some Western Australian herbivores have developed (by natural selection) partial immunity to the effects of fluoroacetate. Africa is the worlds second-largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... A cup of tea A tea bush. ... Motto: Cygnis Insignis (Distinguished by its swans) Nickname: Wildflower State Other Australian states and territories Capital Perth Government Governor Premier Const. ... Natural selection is a process by which biological populations are altered over time, as a result of the propagation of heritable traits that affect the capacity of individual organisms to survive and reproduce. ... In a medical sense, immunity is a state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. ...

Uses

1080 is used in New Zealand to control the possum, an animal pest introduced from Australia. As the Common Brushtail Possum is from the eastern states of Australia and is a mainly arboreal forager, it has never developed a resistance to 1080. A possum is any of about 25 small to medium-sized arboreal marsupials native to Australia. ... Binomial name Trichosurus vulpecula The Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the largest possum, and the Australian marsupial most often seen by city-dwellers, since it is one the very few that thrives in cities as well as a wide range of natural and human-modified environments. ... This article is about the biological organisms known as trees. ...

Project Western Shield is a recent project to boost populations of endangered mammals in south-west Australia. The project is to drop 1080 baited meat from helicopters or light aircraft to kill predators. Wild dogs and foxes will readily eat the baited meat. Cats pose a greater difficulty as cats aren't interested in already dead animals. However, recently a pilot tried putting small sound generators inside the baits with significant positive results. A helicopter is an aircraft which is lifted and propelled by one or more large horizontal rotors (propellers). ... An aircraft is any machine capable of atmospheric flight. ... This snapping turtle is trying to make a meal of a Canada goose, but the goose is too wary. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The Dog is a canine carnivorous mammal that has been domesticated for at least 14,000 years and perhaps for as long as 150,000 years based on recent evidence. ... Red Fox The foxes comprise 23 species of omnivorous canids, found worldwide. ... Trinomial name Felis silvestris catus Schreber, 1775 The cat, also called domestic cat or house cat, is a small feline carnivorous mammal. ...

However, 1080 isn't always used for conservation. In Tasmania logging companies use 1080 to poison native wildlife (wallabies and possums in particular)that browse on seedlings in tree plantations. Farmers and graziers use the poison to protect pastures and crops from native animals. The Tasmanian State Government has undertaken to cease the use of 1080 poison only in State Forests from the end of December 2005 (approx 23% of total use in Tasmania). Private forestry, farmers and graziers can legally continue to use 1080 to poison native wildlife in Tasmania.

External Links

• New Zealand Department of Conservation perspective on the use of 1080
• Western Australian CALM report on their Western Shield project.
• Press release on the ban of 1080 use in Tasmanian forests
• Notes on 1080 use for controlling predators in Idaho