The magnificent Cathedral of Chartres was dedicated in 1260.

For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of... Events Strasbourg becomes a Free City of the Holy Roman Empire First Visconti become the lord of Iceland swear fealty to the king of Norway, bringing an end to the Icelandic Commonwealth Births Ladislaus IV of Hungary Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona... Events Detmold, Germany was founded. ... This is a list of decades which have articles with more information about them. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s - 1230s - 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s Years: 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 Events and Trends Categories: 1230s ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s - 1240s - 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s Years: 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 Events and Trends Hungary was partially demolished with a great loss of life in 1241–1242 by Mongol armies of... The 1250s is the decade starting January 1, 1250 and ending December 31, 1259. ... The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269. ... The 1270s is the decade starting January 1, 1270, and ending December 31, 1279. ... The 1280s is the decade starting January 1, 1280 and ending December 31, 1289. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s - 1290s - 1300s 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s Years: 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 Events and Trends Categories: 1290s ... These pages contain the trends of millennia and centuries. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... 1259 state leaders - Events of 1260 - 1261 state leaders - State leaders by year Asia China (Southern Song Dynasty) - Lizong, Emperor of China (1224 - 1264) Goryeo (Korea) - King Weonjong of Goryeo, King of Goryeo (1259 - 1274) Japan Monarch - Emperor Go-Fukakusa, emperor of Japan (1246-1260) Emperor Kameyama, emperor of Japan... The Gregorian calendar is the calendar that is used nearly everywhere in the world. ... Ab urbe condita (related with Anno urbis conditae: AUC or a. ... Dates are marked by the letters ԹՎ or the like, often with a line over, indicating tvin (in the year) followed by one to four letters, each of which stands for a number based on its order in the alphabet. ... The Chinese calendar (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: nónglì) is a lunisolar calendar, akin to the Hebrew calendar, incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with those of a solar calendar. ... Intercalation is the insertion of an extra day or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follow the seasons. ... The Chinese sexagenary cycle (Chinese: ; pinyin: gānzhī) is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles, the ten Heavenly Stems (天干; tiāngān) and the twelve Earthly Branches (地支; dìzhī). These have been traditionally used as a means of numbering the years, not only in... The Chinese sexagenary cycle (Chinese: ; pinyin: gānzhī) is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles, the ten Heavenly Stems (天干; tiāngān) and the twelve Earthly Branches (地支; dìzhī). These have been traditionally used as a means of numbering the years, not only in... The Ethiopian calendar (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር yeĪtyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) or Ethiopic calendar is the principal calendar used in Ethiopia, as well as in Eritrea before it became independent. ... The Hebrew calendar (Hebrew: ) or Jewish calendar is the annual calendar used in Judaism. ... A page from the Hindu calendar 1871-72. ... There is disagreement as to the meaning of the Indian word Samvat. ... The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. ... Kali Yuga is also the title of a book by Roland Charles Wagner. ... The Iranian calendar (also known as Persian calendar or the Jalaali Calendar) is a solar calendar currently used in Iran and Afghanistan. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری Gāhshomāri-ye Hejri; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic... Koinobori, flags decorated like koi, are popular decorations around Childrens Day This mural on the wall of a Tokyo subway station celebrates Hazuki, the eighth month. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Japanese era name. ... Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. ... The Thai solar, or Suriyakati (สุริยคติ), calendar is used in traditional and official contexts in Thailand, although the Western calendar is sometimes used in business. ... Download high resolution version (589x886, 75 KB)Cathedral of Chartres, western spires File links The following pages link to this file: 1260 Cathedral of Chartres Categories: User-created public domain images ... Download high resolution version (589x886, 75 KB)Cathedral of Chartres, western spires File links The following pages link to this file: 1260 Cathedral of Chartres Categories: User-created public domain images ...

Events

Europe

War and politics

• September 4 - The Senese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeats the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti.
• King Otakar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Bela IV of Hungary in the Battle of Kressenbrunn.
• The Baltic Samogitians and Curonians defeat the Teutonic knights in the Battle of Durbe.
• The Duchy of Saxony is divided into Saxony-Lauenberg and Saxony-Wittenberg, marking the end of the first Saxon state.
• War breaks out in the Valais (today in Switzerland) as the Bishopry of Sion defends against an invasion by the County of Savoy.

September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years). ... Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. ... The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in Italy during the 12th century and 13th century. ... Manfred (c. ... Florences skyline Florences skyline at night from Piazza Michaelangelo Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in Italy during the 12th century and 13th century. ... The Battle of Montaperti was fought on September 4, 1260, between Florence and Siena in Tuscany as part of the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. ... Otakar II (also spelled Ottokar or PÅ™emysl Otakar/Ottokar) (c. ... Coat of arms of the Dukes of Styria, crowned with the ducal hat, today state coat The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark, Slovenian Å tajerska) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918. ... B la IV (1206-1270) was the king of Hungary between 1235 and 1270. ... Combatants Bohemia Hungary Commanders Premysl Ottokar II Bela IV The Battle of Kressenbrunn was fought in July of 1260 between Bohemia and Hungary. ... The Baltic Sea The Balts or Baltic peoples (Latvian: balti, Lithuanian: baltai), defined as speakers of one of the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European language family, are descended from a group of Indo-European tribes who settled the area between lower Vistula and upper Dvina and Dneper. ... Žemaičiai (Samogitians) is an ethnic group inhabiting a part of Lithuania called Žemaitija (Samogitia or Lower Lands). ... The Curonians (also called Kursi, Latvian KurÅ¡i) are one of the extinct Baltic tribes that later formed the Latvian nation. ... The Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order (Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Ierosolimitanorum, Order of the Teutonic House of Mary in Jerusalem) is a German Roman Catholic religious order formed at the end of the 12th century in Acre in Palestine. ... Map of the Livonian Confederation in 1260, showing the location of the Battle of Durbe. ... The Duchy of Saxony was a medieval Duchy covering the greater part of Northern Germany. ... Coat of Arms of Lauenburg The Duchy of Lauenburg, also known as Saxe-Lauenburg was a medieval Duchy (Reichsfreiheit) that existed from 1296 in the extreme southeast region of Schleswig-Holstein with its territorial center in the modern district of Lauenburg. ... With an area of 18,400 sq. ... The Valais (German:  ) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland in the south-western part of the country, in the Pennine Alps around the valley of the Rhone River from its springs to Lake Geneva. ... The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sion (Latin Sedunensis), in the Swiss canton of Valais, is the oldest bishopric in Switzerland and one of the oldest north of the Alps. ... The Counts of Savoy (Italian Savoia, French Savoie) emerged, along with the free communes of Switzerland, from the collapse of the Frankish Kingdom of Burgundy. ...

Culture

• October 24 - The spectacular Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France; the cathedral is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Construction on the Dunkeld Cathedral begins in Perthshire, Scotland.
• Construction begins on the cathedral at Meißen.
• Construction begins on the cathedral at Schwerin.
• Jacobus de Voragine compiles his work, the Golden Legend, a late medieval best-seller.
• Nicola Pisano sculpts the pulpit of the Pisa Baptistery.
• German musical theorist Franco of Cologne publishes Ars Cantus Mensurabilis, in which he advances a new theory of musical notation in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.
• The mosaic Christ between the Virgin and St Minias is made on the facade of Florence's Basilica di San Miniato al Monte.

October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 68 days remaining. ... Cathedral of Chartres The Cathedral of Chartres (Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres, French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), located in Chartres, about 50 miles from Paris, is considered one of the finest examples in all France of the Gothic style of architecture. ... Only representation of Saint Louis known to be true to life - Early 14th century statue from the church of Mainneville, Eure, France King Louis IX of France or Saint Louis (April 25, 1214/1215 – August 25, 1270) was King of France from 1226 until his death. ... UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... Dunkeld Cathedral Dunkeld Cathedral stands on the north bank of the River Tay in Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland. ... Perthshire (Siorrachd Pheairt in Gaelic) was a county in central Scotland, which extended from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, Rannoch Moor and Ben Lui in the west, and Aberfoyle in the south. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... A cathedral is a Christian church building, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Anglican, Catholic and some Lutheran churches, which serves as the central church of a diocese, and thus as a bishops seat. ... Meißen, internationally most known for porcelain, is a town of approximately 35,000 near Dresden on the river Elbe in the State of Saxony in the southern part of eastern Germany. ... Schwerin is a town in northern Germany. ... Jacobus de Voragine (c. ... The Golden Legend by Jacobus de Voragine is a collection of fanciful hagiographies, lives of the saints, that became a late mediæval best seller. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... Nicola Pisano (c. ... This article discusses the Italian city. ... The Campo dei Miracoli (Field of Miracles) is a wide, walled area at the heart of the city of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy (, ), recognized as one of the main centers for Mediaeval art in the world. ... Music theory is a field of study that investigates the nature or mechanics of music. ... Franco of Cologne (fl. ... Mosaic is the art of decoration with small pieces of colored glass, stone or other material. ... Florence (Italian, Firenze) is a city in the center of Tuscany, in central Italy, on the Arno River, with a population of around 400,000, plus a suburban population in excess of 200,000. ... San Miniato al Monte and the Bishops Palace The Basilica di San Miniato al Monte (Basilica of St Minias on the Mountain) stands atop one of the highest points in Florence, and has been described as the finest Romanesque structure in Tuscany and one of the most beautiful churches...

Asia

Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire in 1260.

• May 5 - Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire.
• September 3 - The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
• The Sena Dynasty of Bengal falls.
• The Chinese era Jingding begins and ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.
• The Japanese Shogen era ends, and the Bun'o era begins.
• The Hindu Silharya Dynasty, which ruled an area around Mumbai, ends.
• The newly formed Sukhothai kingdom of Thailand adopts Theravada Buddhism.

This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (126th in leap years). ... Qubilai Khan, Qubilai Khan or the last of the Great Khans (September 23, 1215 - February 18, 1294) (Mongolian: Хубилай хаан, Chinese: ; pinyin: ), was a Mongol military leader. ... Expansion of the Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Их Монгол Улс, meaning Great Mongol Nation; 1206–1405) was the largest land empire seen to that date, covering over 33 million km² [1] at its peak, with an estimated population of over 100 million people. ... September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for... Mongols (Mongolian: Монгол Mongol, Turkish: MoÄŸollar) are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China or more specifically on the Central Asian plateau north of the Gobi desert and south of Siberia. ... Combatants Egyptian Mamluks Mongols Commanders Saif ad-Din Qutuz Baibars Kitbuqa Strength About 20 000 About 20 000 in muslim history (40,000-50,000) The Battle of Ain Jalut (or Ayn Jalut, in Arabic: عين جالوت, the Eye of Goliath or the Spring of Goliath) took place on September 3, 1260... Map of the British Mandate of Palestine. ... The Sena dynasty ruled Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries. ... Bengal, known as Bôngo (Bengali: বঙ্গ), Bangla (বাংলা), Bôngodesh (বঙ্গদেশ), or Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ) in the Bengali language, is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ... A Chinese era name (traditional Chinese: 年號, simplified Chinese: 年号, pinyin nían hào) is the era name, reign period, or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperors reign and naming certain Chinese rulers (see the conventions). ... The Song Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... Shōgen (正元) was a Japanese era name. ... Buno (文応) was a Japanese era name after Shogen and before Kocho and spanned from 1260 to 1261. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई,IPA: , formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the state of Maharashtra, and the most populous city of India, also it is the most populous city in the world with an estimated population of about 13 million (as of 2006). ... The Sukhothai kingdom was a kingdom in the north of Thailand around the city Sukhothai. ... Theravada (Pāli: theravāda; Sanskrit: sthaviravāda; literally, the Way of the Elders) is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka (about 70% of the population[1]) and continental Southeast Asia (parts of southwest China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia... Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion, a philosophy, and a life-enhancing system of psychology. ...

Africa

• October 24 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.

October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 68 days remaining. ... Saif ad-Din Qutuz (died October 24, 1260) was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 1259 until his death. ... A Mamluk cavalryman, drawn in 1810 A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), owned; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle Ages. ... This is an incomplete list of persons who were assassinated; that is, important people who were murdered, usually for ideological or political reasons. ... al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari (also spelled Baybars) (Arabic: ) was a Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria. ...

Births

• Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (died 1339)
• Matthew Csák, ruler of the Váh and the Tatras regions in present-day Slovakia (died 1321)
• Meister Eckhart, German theologian, philosopher and mystic (died 1328)
• Agnes of France, only daughter of Louis VII of France by his third wife Adèle of Champagne (died 1240)
• Andronicus II Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1332)
• Enguerrand de Marigny, minister to King Philip IV of France
• Guillaume de Nogaret, keeper of the seal to King Philip IV of France (year very uncertain) (died 1313)
• Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian (approximate date; died 1330)
• Farsi, Persian mathematician and physicist (died 1320)

Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham, (1260-1339) was Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports in 1307, and also held the titles of Sheriff of Kent, Constable of Canterbury, Tonbridge, Dover and Rochester Castles. ... Events Emperor Go-Murakami ascends to the throne of Japan Kashmir is conquered by the muslims Births July 23 - King Louis I of Naples (d. ... Matthew Csák III (of Trenčín) (Matúš Čák III (Trenčiansky), Chak, Chaak, Czak; in (modern) Hungarian trencséni Csák Máté) (about 1260 – 1321) was the ruler of the Váh and the Tatras region, and lived in Trenčín castle in Slovakia. ... The Váh near Piešťany. ... Tatras Tatra or Tatras (in Polish and Slovak Tatry, which is a word in plural) is a mountain range on the border of Poland and Slovakia, the highest part of the Carpathian Mountains. ... Events Births September 29 - John of Artois, Count of Eu, French soldier (d. ... The Meister Eckhart portal of the Erfurt Church. ... Events Augustiner brew Munich May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... Agnes of France (1171 - after 1204) was a daughter of Louis VII of France by his third wife Adèle of Champagne. ... Events Batu Khan and the Golden Horde sack the Ruthenian city of Kyiv Births Pope Benedict XI Deaths April 11 - Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, also known as Llywelyn The Great Prince of Gwynedd Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile... Andronicus II Palaeologus (1260 - February 13, 1332), Byzantine emperor, was the elder son of Michael VIII Palaeologus, whom he succeeded in 1282. ... This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. ... Events November 7 - Lucerne joins the Swiss Confederation with Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden. ... Enguerrand de Marigny (1260 - April 30, 1315) was a French chamberlain and minister of Philip IV the Fair. ... Philip IV the Fair (French: Philippe IV le Bel) (1268 – November 29, 1314) was King of France from 1285 until his death. ... Guillaume de Nogaret (1260-70 - 1313) was councillor and keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France. ... The Great Seal of France In the context of the Politics of France under the Republic, Keeper of the Seals (Garde des Sceaux) is a title held by the Minister of Justice. ... Events Siege of Rostock ends Foundation year of the Order of the Rose Cross (Rosicrucian Order), according to the Rosicrucian Fellowship. ... Maximus Planudes (c. ... Events The Bulgars under Michael III are beaten by the Serbs at Velbuzhd, and large parts of Bulgaria fall to Serbia. ... Kamal al-Din Abul Hasan Muhammad Al-Farisi (in Persian: كمال الدين ابوالحسن محمد الفارسي) (1260 - 1320) was a prominent Persian mathematician and physicist. ... Events January 20 - Dante - Quaestio de Aqua et Terra January 20 - Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland April 6 - The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath. ...

Deaths

• October 24 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt
• Franciscus Accursius, Italian jurist (approximate date)
• Matilda II of Bologne, sovereign Countess of Bologne
• Aymer de Valence, Bishop of Winchester

October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 68 days remaining. ... Saif ad-Din Qutuz (died October 24, 1260) was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 1259 until his death. ... A Mamluk cavalryman, drawn in 1810 A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), owned; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle Ages. ... Franciscus Accursius (in Italian Francesco Accorso) (Florence, c. ... Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1270-1324) was an English nobleman. ... Arms of the Bishop of Winchester The diocese of Winchester is one of the oldest and most important in England. ...