A contemporary monument to the Battle of Lewes, a crucial 1264 battle in the Second Barons' War in England.

Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of... Events Strasbourg becomes a Free City of the Holy Roman Empire First Visconti become the lord of Iceland swear fealty to the king of Norway, bringing an end to the Icelandic Commonwealth Births Ladislaus IV of Hungary Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona... Events Detmold, Germany was founded. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... This is a list of decades which have articles with more information about them. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s - 1230s - 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s Years: 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 Events and Trends Categories: 1230s ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s - 1240s - 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s Years: 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 Events and Trends Hungary was partially demolished with a great loss of life in 1241–1242 by Mongol armies of... The 1250s is the decade starting January 1, 1250 and ending December 31, 1259. ... The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269. ... The 1270s is the decade starting January 1, 1270, and ending December 31, 1279. ... The 1280s is the decade starting January 1, 1280 and ending December 31, 1289. ... 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This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... 1263 state leaders - Events of 1264 - 1265 state leaders - State leaders by year Asia China (Southern Song Dynasty) - Lizong, Emperor of China (1224 - 1264) Duzong, Emperor of China (1264 - 1274) Goryeo (Korea) - King Weonjong of Goryeo, King of Goryeo (1259 - 1274) Japan Monarch - Emperor Kameyama, emperor of Japan (1260-1274... The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used calendar in the world. ... Ab urbe condita (related with Anno urbis conditae: AUC or a. ... Dates are marked by the letters ԹՎ or the like, often with a line over, indicating tvin (in the year) followed by one to four letters, each of which stands for a number based on its order in the alphabet. ... The Baháí calendar, also called the Badí‘ calendar, used by the Baháí Faith, is a solar calendar with regular years of 365 days, and leap years of 366 days. ... The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar (formerly Burma) in several related forms. ... The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar, akin to the Hebrew calendar & Hindu Calendar, incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with those of a solar calendar. ... The Chinese sexagenary cycle (Chinese: ; pinyin: gānzhī) is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles, the ten Heavenly Stems (天干; tiāngān) and the twelve Earthly Branches (地支; dìzhī). These have been traditionally used as a means of numbering the years, not only in... The Chinese sexagenary cycle (Chinese: ; pinyin: gānzhī) is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles, the ten Heavenly Stems (天干; tiāngān) and the twelve Earthly Branches (地支; dìzhī). These have been traditionally used as a means of numbering the years, not only in... The Ethiopian calendar (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር yeĪtyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) or Ethiopic calendar is the principal calendar used in Ethiopia, as well as in Eritrea before it became independent. ... The Hebrew calendar (Hebrew: ‎) or Jewish calendar is the annual calendar used in Judaism. ... A page from the Hindu calendar 1871-72. ... There is disagreement as to the meaning of the Indian word Samvat. ... The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. ... Kali Yuga is also the title of a book by Roland Charles Wagner. ... The Holocene calendar is a proposal for a calendar reform which aims to solve a number of problems with the current Gregorian Calendar. ... The Iranian calendar (Persian: ‎) also known as Persian calendar or the Jalāli Calendar is a solar calendar currently used in Iran and Afghanistan. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: گاه‌شماری هجري قمری ‎ Gāhshomāri-ye hejri-ye qamari; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to... Koinobori, flags decorated like koi, are popular decorations around Childrens Day This mural on the wall of a Tokyo subway station celebrates Hazuki, the eighth month. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Japanese era name. ... Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. ... The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). ... The traditional Korean calendar is directly derived from the Asian calendar. ... The Thai solar, or Suriyakati (สุริยคติ), calendar is used in traditional and official contexts in Thailand, although the Western calendar is sometimes used in business. ... Download high resolution version (1136x852, 124 KB)Monument to the Battle of Lewes taken by me File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1136x852, 124 KB)Monument to the Battle of Lewes taken by me File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Events

Europe

War and politics

• Before May - Second Barons' War, a civil war in England, begins.
• May 12 to May 14 - The Battle of Lewes of the Second Barons' War is fought between Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and King Henry III of England in Sussex. By the end of the battle, de Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his son, future King Edward I, making de Montfort the "uncrowned king of England" for 15 months before Edward escapes captivity and recaptures the throne.
• June 18 - The Parliament of Ireland meets at Castledermot in County Kildare, the first definitively known meeting of this Irish legislature.
• In Spain, King James I of Aragon reconquers the cities of Orihuela in Alicante and Elx in Valencia from the Moors, ending over 500 years of Islamic rule.
• The Thuringian War of Succession ends.
• The state of Hesse gains its independence from Thuringia and becomes a free state of the Holy Roman Empire.
• In the Peerage of England, the title Baron de Ros, the oldest continuously held peerage title in England, is created by writ of summons.

The Second Barons War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of a number of rebellious barons lead by Simon de Montfort, against the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England). ... Several military conflicts are considered English civil wars: The Anarchy (1135–1154). ... May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (133rd in leap years). ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (135th in leap years). ... The Battle of Lewes was a battle fought at Lewes in Sussex, from May 12 to May 14, 1264. ... From the Chamber of the United States House of Representatives Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to King Henry III of England. ... Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was crowned King of England in 1216, despite being less than ten years of age. ... Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. ... Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), popularly known as Longshanks[1] and Hammer of the Scots,[2] achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and who kept Scotland under English domination during his lifetime. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... This article is about the legislature abolished in 1801. ... Castledermot (Diseart Diarmad in Irish), meaning Dermots Hermitage) is an inland town in the south-east of Ireland in County Kildare, about 75km from Dublin, and 10km from the town of Carlow. ... Statistics Province: Leinster County Town: Naas Code: KE Area: 1,693 km² Population (2006) 186,075 Website: www. ... A legislature is a type of deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... James I of Aragon (Catalan: Jaume I, Spanish: Jaime I, Occitan: Jacme I) (Montpellier, February 2, 1208 – July 27, 1276) surnamed the Conqueror, was the king of Aragon, count of Barcelona and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276. ... Conquista redirects here. ... Orihuela is a city and municipality located in the province of Alicante, Spain. ... Location of Alicante province in Spain. ... Flag of Elx. ... Capital Valencia Official languages Valencian (Catalan) and Castilian (Spanish) Area  â€“ total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 8th  23,255 km²  4. ... Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I of England The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including present day Gibraltar, Spain and Portugal) as well as the Maghreb and western Africa, whose culture is often called Moorish. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Hesse (German: Hessen) is a state of Germany with an area of 21,110 km² and just over six million inhabitants. ... The Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat Thüringen) is located in central Germany and is considered one of the smaller of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states), with an area of 16,200 km² and 2. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. ... The title of Baron de Ros (pronounced Roose) is the most ancient baronial title in the Peerage of England. ... Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-06-08, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...

Culture and religion

• April - Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford leads a massacre of the Jews at Canterbury.
• August 5 - Anti-Jewish riots in Arnstadt (modern-day Germany)
• September 14 - Walter de Merton formally completes the foundation of the House of Scholars of Merton (later Merton College, Oxford) to provide education in Malden and the University of Oxford.
• King Boleslaus V of Poland promulgates legal protection for his Jewish subjects, including protection from the kidnapping and forcible baptism of Jewish children.
• In Barcelona, a commission of Dominicans censors portions of the Talmud for the first time by ordering the cancellation of passages found reprehensible from a Christian point of view.
• Thomas Aquinas completes his theological work Summa contra Gentiles.
• Pope Urban IV creates festivity of Corpus Domini

Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford and 3rd Earl of Gloucester was born 2 September 1243, at Christchurch, Hampshire. ... Canterbury is a cathedral city in east Kent in South East England and is the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Primate of All England, head of the Church of England and of the worldwide Anglican Communion. ... August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... Arnstadt is a town in Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany. ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). ... Walter de Merton (c. ... College name The House of Scholars of Merton Named after Walter de Merton Established 1264 Sister College Peterhouse Warden Prof. ... Malden is the name of some places: Malden, London, England: there is both a New Malden) and an Old Malden, part of the London Borough of Kingston-upon-Thames In the United States of America: Malden, Illinois Malden, Massachusetts Malden, Missouri Malden, New York Malden, Washington Malden, West Virginia Malden... The University of Oxford (usually abbreviated as Oxon. ... BolesÅ‚aw Wstydliwy Boleslaus the Chaste or the Shy (Polish: BolesÅ‚aw Wstydliwy) (21 June 1226 O.S. – 7 December 1279 O.S.) was the son of Leszek the White. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Baptism in early Christian art. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (Catalan) Ciudad Condal (Spanish) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... The first page of the Vilna Edition of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a The Talmud (Hebrew: תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Saint Thomas Aquinas [Thomas of Aquin, or Aquino] (c. ... Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογια, logia, words, sayings, or discourse) is reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ... The Summa contra Gentiles (hereafter referred to as SCG) was written by St. ... Urban IV, né Jacques Pantaléon ( 1195 - October 2, 1264), pope (1261-1264), was the son of a cobbler of Troyes, France, studied theology and common law in Paris, became bishop of Verdun, was employed in various missions by Innocent IV, and was made Patriarch of Jerusalem by Alexander IV...

Asia

Mongol Empire

• Kublai Khan, supreme leader of the Mongol Empire, moves the empire's capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to the Chinese city of Khanbaliq (now Beijing).
• Kublai Khan defeats his brother and pretender to the title of khan, Ariq Boke, and takes him prisoner.

Kublai Khan, Khubilai Khan or the last of the Great Khans (September 23, 1215 - February 18, 1294) (Mongolian: Хубилай хаан, Chinese: ; pinyin: ), was a Mongol military leader. ... Expansion of the Mongol Empire Another picture of Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Их Монгол Улс, literally meaning Great Mongol Nation; 1206–1405) was the largest contiguous land empire in history, covering over 33 million km² [1] (12 million square miles) at its peak, with an estimated population of over 100 million... Harhorin (Хархорин), or Khara Khorum in Classical Mongolian, is a town in Övörhangay aymag, Mongolia. ... Khanbaliq or Cambuluc (great residence of the khan) is the ancient Mongol name for Beijing, the current capital of China. ...   (Chinese:  ; Pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; IPA: ), a metropolis in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... A Pretender is a claimant to an abolished throne or to a throne already occupied by somebody else. ... KHAN is a film directed by Karan Johar and produced under the Dharma Productions banner. ... Ariq Boke (died 1266), the youngest son of Tolui, was a grandson of Genghis Khan and a claimant to the Mongol Empire. ...

Japan

• The Japanese era Kocho ends, and the Bun'ei era begins.

Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. ... Kocho (弘長) was a Japanese era name after Buno and before Bunei and spanned from 1261 to 1264. ... Bunei (文永) was a Japanese era name after Kocho and before Kenji and spanned from 1264 to 1275. ...

Births

• May 26 - Prince Koreyasu, Japanese shogun (died 1326)
• Pope Clement V (died 1314)

May 26 is the 146th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (147th in leap years). ... Prince Koreyasu (惟康親王) (May 26, 1264–November 25, 1326; r. ... Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Osman I (1299-1326) to Orhan I (1326-1359) Aradia de Toscano, is initiated into a Dianic cult of Italian Witchcraft (Stregheria), and discovers through a vision that she is the human incarnation of the goddess Aradia. ... Clement V, born Bertrand de Goth (also occasionally spelled Gouth and Got) (1264 – April 20, 1314), was Pope from 1305 to his death. ... Events June 24 - Battle of Bannockburn. ...

Deaths

• October 2 - Pope Urban IV
• Vincent of Beauvais, French encyclopedist (born 1190)
• Danylo of Halych, King of Galicia (born 1201)
• Emperor Lizong of China
• Andrei II of Russia