For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ...

Events Strasbourg becomes a Free City of the Holy Roman Empire First Visconti become the lord of Iceland swear fealty to the king of Norway, bringing an end to the Icelandic Commonwealth Births Ladislaus IV of Hungary Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona... Events Detmold, Germany was founded. ... Events May 12 - The Battle of Lewes begins (ends May 14). ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... This is a list of decades which have articles with more information about them. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s - 1230s - 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s Years: 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 Events and Trends Categories: 1230s ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s - 1240s - 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s Years: 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 Events and Trends Hungary was partially demolished with a great loss of life in 1241–1242 by Mongol armies of... The 1250s is the decade starting January 1, 1250 and ending December 31, 1259. ... The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269. ... The 1270s is the decade starting January 1, 1270, and ending December 31, 1279. ... The 1280s is the decade starting January 1, 1280 and ending December 31, 1289. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s - 1290s - 1300s 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s Years: 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 Events and Trends Categories: 1290s ... These pages contain the trends of millennia and centuries. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... 1264 state leaders - Events of 1265 - 1266 state leaders - State leaders by year Asia China (Southern Song Dynasty) - Duzong, Emperor of China (1264 - 1274) Goryeo (Korea) - King Weonjong of Goryeo, King of Goryeo (1259 - 1274) Japan Monarch - Kameyama, Emperor of Japan (1260-1274) Shogun (Kamakura) - Prince Munetaka, Shogun of Japan...

Events

Future English King Edward I escapes captivity and defeats Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.

Download high resolution version (800x883, 54 KB)Edward I of England Illustration from Cassells History of England - Century Edition - published circa 1902 Scan by Tagishsimon, 23rd June 2004 This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible... Download high resolution version (800x883, 54 KB)Edward I of England Illustration from Cassells History of England - Century Edition - published circa 1902 Scan by Tagishsimon, 23rd June 2004 This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible...

Europe

War and politics

• January 20 - In Westminster, the first elected English parliament (De Montfort's Parliament) conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, -now also known as the Houses of Parliament.
• Before August - Future King Edward I of England escapes captivity in the hands of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.
• August 4 - The Battle of Evesham of the Second Barons' War is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort and killing de Montfort and many of his allies. This is sometimes considered the death of chivalry in England.
• King Alfonso X of Castile captures the city of Alicante, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista.
• The Isle of Man comes under Scottish rule.

January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Westminster is a district within the City of Westminster in London. ... An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... An aerial view of Parliament of India at New Delhi. ... The English parliament of 1265 was instigated by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester without royal approval. ... The Palace of Westminster, known also as the Houses of Parliament, is where the two Houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (the House of Lords and the House of Commons) conduct their sittings. ... This may refer to the: British Houses of Parliament. ... King Edward I of England (June 17, 1239 – July 7, 1307), popularly known as Longshanks because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the Hammer of the Scots (his tombstone, in Latin, read, Hic est Edwardvs Primus Scottorum Malleus, Here lies Edward I, Hammer of the Scots), achieved fame... From the Chamber of the United States House of Representatives Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to King Henry III of England. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... The Battle of Evesham was an important battle in the history of England which took place on August 4, 1265. ... The Second Barons War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of a number of rebellious barons lead by Simon de Montfort, against the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England). ... Worcestershire (pronounced ; abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. ... See also order of chivalry Woman under the Safeguard of Knighthood, allegorical Scene. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Alfonso X and his court. ... View over Alicante and the Mediterranean Alicante (Castillian Spanish) or Alacant (Valencian Catalan) is the capital of the province of Alicante and of the comarca of the Alacantí, in the southern part of the Land of Valencia, Spain, a historic Mediterranean port. ... The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including the present day Spain and Portugal) and the Maghreb, whose culture is often called Moorish. // Origins of the name The name derives from the old tribe of the Mauri and their kingdom, Mauretania. ... For other uses, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within the UK Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ...

Culture

A map of the Byzantine Empire and surrounding lands in 1265.

• The Book of Aneirin, a Welsh manuscript of poetry, is penned.
• The brewing of Budweiser Budvar beer begins in Bohemia (now part of the Czech Republic); Budweiser Budvar has been produced continuously there to this day.
• Correspondence from Pope Clement IV contains the first known mention of the ring of the Fisherman, an item of papal regalia then used to seal personal correspondence from the pope and later for papal bulls.

Download high resolution version (1144x900, 272 KB)Map, The Byzantine Empire, 1265. ... Download high resolution version (1144x900, 272 KB)Map, The Byzantine Empire, 1265. ... Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... The Book of Aneirin (Welsh: Llyfr Aneirin) is a medieval manuscript which contains Y Gododdin, an early Welsh poem commemorating the battle of Catterick around the year 600, and other early poetry. ... For an explanation of often confusing terms such as Great Britain, Britain, United Kingdom and England, see British Isles (terminology). ... A manuscript (Latin manu scriptus, written by hand), strictly speaking, is any written document that is put down by hand, in contrast to being printed or reproduced some other way. ... Poetry (ancient Greek: ποιεω (poieo) = I create) is traditionally a written art form (although there is also an ancient and modern poetry which relies mainly upon oral or pictorial representations) in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. ... The Brewer, designed and engraved, in the Sixteenth. ... Budweiser Budvar is marketed under the label Czechvar in North America Rare to find in Australia, but atleast marketed under its real name Budějovický Budvar. ... A mug of lager beer, showing the golden colour of the beer and the foamy head floating on top. ... Bohemia This article is about the historical region in central Europe; for other uses, see Bohemia (disambiguation). ... Clement IV, né Gui Faucoi le Gros ( Guy Foulques the Fat or Guido le Gros) (Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, November 23, year uncertain – Viterbo, November 29, 1268), was elected pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call... The Ring of the Fisherman or Pescatorio is an official part of the regalia worn by the pope, described by the Roman Catholic Church (of which he is the head) as the successor of Saint Peter, a fisherman by trade. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ...

Africa and Asia

• The Mamluk Bahri dynasty of Egypt captures several cities and towns from Crusader states in the Middle East, including the cities of Haifa, Arsuf, and Caesarea Palaestina; these events eventually precipitate the Eighth Crusade in 1267.
• Kublai Khan sends a delegation to Japan, which loots islands along the way.
• Fire destroys parts of Old Cairo.

An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (also Mameluks, Mamelukes, Mamlukes) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim caliphs and the Ottoman Empire. ... The Bahri dynasty or Bahriyya Sultante المماليك البحرية was a Mamluk dynasty that ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1382 when they were succeeded by the Burji dynasty, another group of Mamluks. ... The Crusader states, c. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... For the Lebanese singer, see Haifa Wehbe. ... Arsuf (also known as Arsur or Apollonia) was a Crusader city and fortress located in what is now Israel, about 15 kilometres north of Tel Aviv. ... Caesarea Palaestina, also called Caesarea Maritima, a town built by Herod the Great about 25 - 13 BC, lies on the sea-coast of Israel about halfway between Tel Aviv and Haifa, on the site of a place previously called Pyrgos Stratonos (Strato or Stratons Tower, in Latin Turris Stratonis). ... The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX of France, (who was by now in his mid-fifties) in 1270. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Kublai Khan or Khubilai Khan (1215–1294), Mongol military leader, was Khan (1260–1294) of the Mongol Empire and founder and first Emperor (1279–1294) of the Chinese Yuan Dynasty. ... Although technically in Giza, The Great Pyramids have become a symbol of Cairo internationally Cairo (Arabic: القاهرة; transliterated: al-Qāhirah) is the capital city of Egypt (and previously the United Arab Republic) and has a metropolitan area population of approximately 15. ...

Births

• May 10 - Emperor Fushimi of Japan (died 1317)
• c. June 1 - Dante (died 1321)
• King Alfonso III of Aragon

May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (131st in leap years). ... Emperor Fushimi (伏見天皇) (May 10, 1265 – October 8, 1317) was the 92nd imperial ruler of Japan. ... Events The Great Famine of 1315-1317. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... Dante in a fresco series of famous men by Andrea del Castagno, ca. ... Events Births September 29 - John of Artois, Count of Eu, French soldier (d. ... Alfons or Alfonso III of Aragon (1265 – June 18, 1291, also Alfons II of Barcelona), surnamed the Liberal, was the king of Aragon and count of Barcelona from 1285 to 1291. ...

Deaths

• February 8 - Hulagu Khan of the Mongol Empire (born 1217)
• April 25 - Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, English politician (born 1195)
• August 4 - Killed in the Battle Of Evesham:
  • Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer (b. 1223)
  • Henry de Montfort (born 1238)
  • Peter de Montfort
  • Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (born 1208)
• December 3 - Odofredus, Italian jurist
• Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (born 1200)
• John Maunsell, Lord Chancellor of England

February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Hulagu Khan (also known as Hülegü, and Hulegu) (1217 – 8 February 1265) was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia. ... Events April 9 - Peter of Courtenay crowned emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople at Rome, by Pope Honorius III May 20 - First Barons War, royalist victory at Lincoln. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester (1195? - April 25, 1265) was an English nobleman. ... Events Priory of St Marys, Bushmead, founded. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... Sir Hugh (d. ... // Events August 6 - Louis VIII is crowned King of France. ... Henry de Montfort (November 1238 - 1265) was the son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, and with his father played an important role in the struggle of the barons against King Henry III. Henrys mother was Princess Eleanor of England (daughter of King John), whose marriage to... Events In the Iberian peninsula, James I of Aragon captures the city of Valencia September 28 from the Moors; the Moors retreat to Granada. ... Peter de Montfort (died 1265) is said to have presided over a meeting of the British House of Commons at a Parliament held in Oxford in 1258 (dubbed by the supporters of Henry III as the Mad Parliament). He is the earliest person recorded as the presiding officer of the... From the Chamber of the United States House of Representatives Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to King Henry III of England. ... Events Philip of Swabia King of Germany and rival Holy Roman Emperor to Otto IV, assassinated June 21 in Bamberg by German Count Otto of Wittelsbach because Philip had refused to give him his daughter in marriage. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Odofredus (d. ... Athir al-Din Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Abhari (1200 - 1265), was a Persian philosopher and mathematician from Abhar, Zanjan, Iran. ... Events University of Paris receives charter from Philip II of France Mongol victory over Northern China — 30,000,000 killed Births Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (died 1265) Ulrich von Liechtenstein, German nobleman and poet (died 1278) Adam Marsh, English Franciscan (approximate date; died 1259) John Fitzalan, Lord of... Sir John Maunsell (c. ... The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor and in former times Chancellor of England, is one of the most senior and important functionaries in the government of the United Kingdom. ...

See also

• List of state leaders in 1265