For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s - 1260s - 1270s 1280s 1290s 1300s 1310s Years: 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 Events and Trends Categories: 1260s ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ...

Events

Europe

War and politics

• King Afonso III of Portugal and King Alfonso X of Castile sign a treaty determining the southern border between Portugal and Spain as the Guadiana River, a border that remains to this day.
• The Second Barons' War in England ends, as the rebels and King Henry III of England agree to peace terms as laid out in the Dictum of Kenilworth.
• King Henry III of England acknowledges Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's title of Prince of Wales in the Treaty of Montgomery.
• Emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople gifts the Principality of Achaea to King Charles I of Sicily in the Treaty of Viterbo in the hopes that Charles could help him restore the Latin Empire.

Afonso III of Portugal - Alfonso, Alphonso - the Bolognian ( Port. ... Alfonso X, El Sabio, or the Learned, (November 23, 1221 - April 4, 1284) was a king of Castile and León (1252 - 1284). ... Guadiana (Latin Anas, Spanish Guadiana, Portuguese Guadiana) - one of the major rivers of Spain, part of it is the border with Portugal, ends in the Atlantic Ocean. ... The Second Barons War ( 1264– 1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of a number of rebellious barons lead by Simon de Montfort, against the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England). ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... Henry III of England, as depicted in Cassells History of England, Century Edition, published circa 1902 Henry III (October 1, 1207 - November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. ... The Dictum of Kenilworth issued in October 1266, was the terms of the supporters of Simon de Montfort for ending their resistance to Henry III of England. ... Henry III of England, as depicted in Cassells History of England, Century Edition, published circa 1902 Henry III (October 1, 1207 - November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. ... Arms used by Llywelyn ap Gruffydd Llywelyn ap Gruffudd or Gruffydd (c. ... The eldest son of the reigning monarch ofEngland/Great Britain is traditionally invested with the title of Prince of Wales. ... By means of the Treaty of Montgomery (1267), Llywelyn ap Gruffydd was able to get his new title Prince of Wales acknowledged by the English king Henry III. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd finished the work his grandfather, Llywelyn the Great, had started: by force and diplomacy all the other Welsh dynasties... Baldwin II (1217—1273) was the last emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. ... The Principality of Achaea was one of the three vassal states of the Latin Empire which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. ... Charles I (March 1227 - January 7, 1285) was the posthumous son of King Louis VIII of France by Blanche of Castile. ... The Latin Empire, Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. ...

Culture

• Roger Bacon completes his work Opus Majus and sends it to Pope Clement IV, who had requested it be written; the work contians wide-ranging discussion of mathematics, optics, alchemy, astronomy, astrology, and other topics, and includes what some believe to be the first description of a magnifying glass. Bacon also completes Opus Minus, a summary of Opus Majus, later in the same year.
• The leadership of Vienna forces Jews to wear Pileum cornutum,a cone-shaped head dress, in addition to the yellow badges Jews were already forced to wear.
• In England, the Statute of Marlborough is passed, the oldest English law still (partially) in force.

For the Nova Scotia premier see Roger Bacon (politician) Statue of Roger Bacon in the Oxford University Museum Roger Bacon (1214-1294), also known as Doctor Mirabilis (Latin: astounding doctor), was an English philosopher who placed considerable emphasis on empiricism, and has been presented as one of the earliest advocates... Clement IV, né Guy Foulques (d. ... Mathematics, often abbreviated maths in Commonwealth English and math in American English, is the study of abstraction. ... See also list of optical topics. ... The Alchemist. ... Astronomy (Greek: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, literally, law of the stars) is the science involving the observation and explanation of events occurring beyond the Earth and its atmosphere. ... An astrological chart (or horoscope) - Y2K Chart — This particular chart is calculated for January 1, 2000 at 12:01:00 A.M. Eastern Standard Time in New York City, New York, USA. (Longitude: 074W0023 - Latitude: 40N4251) Astrology (from Greek: αστρολογία = άστρον, astron, star + λόγος, logos, word) is any... A magnifying glass A magnifying glass is a single convex lens which is used to produce a magnified image of an object. ... Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine federal states (Bundesland Wien). ... an example of the type of yellow badge or star, Jews were forced to wear during the Nazi occupation of Europe, 1933-1945 A mandatory mark or a piece of cloth of specific geometric shape, worn on the outer garment in order to distinguish a person of certain religion or... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... The Statute of Marlborough (52 Hen 3) was a law passed by King Henry III of England in 1267. ...

Asia and Africa

• The "Grand Capital" is constructed in Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing by Kublai Khan, having moved the capital of the Mongol Empire there three years prior.
• Malik ul Salih establishes Samudra Pasai, the first Muslim state in Indonesia.
• Spain attempts an invasion of Morocco, but the Marinids successfully defend against the invasion and drive out Spanish forces.

Khanbaliq or Cambuluc (great residence of the khan) is the ancient Mongol name for Beijing, the current capital of China. ... Beijing  listen (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Pei-ching; ; Postal System Pinyin: Peking), is the capital city of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Kublai Khan or Khubilai Khan (1215 - 1294), Mongol military leader, was Khan (1260-1294) of the Mongol Empire and founder and first Emperor (1279-1294) of the Yuan Dynasty. ... The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. ... Islam (Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ...

Births

• August 10 - King James II of Aragon (d. 1327)
• December 17 - Emperor Go-Uda of Japan (d. 1324)
• Giotto di Bondone, Italian painter and architect (d. 1337)

August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... James II, King of Aragon (10 August 1267 – 2 November 1327), in Spanish Jaime II, in Catalan Jaume II, also James II of Barcelona was the second son of Peter III of Aragon. ... Events January 25 - Edward III becomes King of England. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Emperor Go-Uda (後宇多天皇) (December 17, 1267 - July 16, 1324) was the 91st imperial ruler of Japan. ... Events Publication of Defensor pacis by Marsilius of Padua Mansa Kankan Musa I, ruler of the Mali Empire arrives in Cairo on his hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca. ... Giotto di Bondone (better known as just Giotto, 1267 - January 8, 1337) was an Italian painter and architect. ... This page concerns 1337, the year. ...

Deaths

• King Hugh II of Cyprus
• John Fitzalan, 6th Earl of Arundel
• Lars, Archbishop of Uppsala

Hugh II (1253-1267) was king of Cyprus and regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. ... John Fitzalan (1223-1267), Lord Oswestry, Clun, and Arundel, was an English nobleman. ... Lars was the name of the Archbishop of Sweden 1255-1267. ... Uppsala Cathedral seen from the other side of the river. ...

See also

• List of state leaders in 1267