The 13 Martyrs of Arad were the thirteen Hungarian rebel generals that were executed on 6 October 1849 in Arad, Romania, after the Hungarian War of Independence (1848 - 49) was quashed by Austrian troops, backed by Russia. At that time, Hungary was under the Austrian Habsburg empire. The execution was carried out by order of the Austrian general, Julius Freiherr von Haynau. A General is an officer of high military rank. ... October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... County Arad County Status County capital Mayor Gheorghe Falcă, Democratic Party, since 2004 Area 46. ... This is the history of Hungary. ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Julius Jacob von Haynau (1786 - March 14, 1853), Austrian general, was the natural son of the landgrave--afterwards elector of Hesse-Cassel, William IX of Hesse-Cassel. ...

Brief background

In a speech of surpassing power on 3 March 1848, shortly after the news of the revolution in Paris had arrived, Lajos Kossuth demanded parliamentary government for Hungary and constitutional government for the rest of Austria. ^[1] The declaration, however, added to the dissensions between him and those who wished only for autonomy under the old Hasburg dynasty, and his enemies did not scruple to accuse him of aiming for Kingship. ^[1] Revolution started on 15 March. ^[2] March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Panthéon, Paris|Panthéon]] behind), Paris, June 1848. ... Lajos (Louis) Kossuth (Ľudovít Košút in Slovakian) (Monok, September 19, 1802 – Turin, March 20, 1894) was a Hungarian lawyer, politician, and for a time was regent. ... Alternative meanings: Parliamentary system, Parliament (band), Parliament (cigarette). ... Constitution of the United States A constitution is a system, often codified as a written document, which establishes the rules and principles by which an organization, or political entity, is governed. ... Look up autonomy, autonomous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ...

On 13 April 1849, the Hungarian Diet proclaimed Hungary a republic and appointed Kossuth as "regent-president". ^[3] For the time being, the future form of government was left undecided. Basing his ideas on the American Declaration of Independence, Kossuth declared independence on 19 April. ^[3] By May, the Hungarian secessionists had recaptured all of their country except Buda, which they won after a three-week bloody siege. Hungary came close to independence. April 13 is the 103rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (104th in leap years). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... In politics, a Diet is a formal deliberative assembly. ... In a broad definition, a republic is a state or country that is led by people whose political power is based on principles that are not beyond the control of the people of that state or country. ... U.S. Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is a document in which the Thirteen Colonies declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak: Budín, Serbian: Будим or Budim, Turkish: Budin) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ...

The hopes of ultimate success, however, were frustrated by the intervention of Russia. After all appeals to the western powers failed, Kossuth abdicated on 11 August 1849 in favor of Artúr Görgey, whom he thought was the only general who was capable of saving the nation. Görgey capitulated at Şiria to the Russians, who handed the army over to the Austrians. At the insistence of the Russians, Görgey was spared but reprisals were taken on the rest of the Hungarian army. Thirteen Hungarian generals were executed on 6 October. On the same day, Count Lajos Batthyány (1806 – 1849), the first Hungarian prime minister, was also executed. ^[4] Kossuth steadfastly maintained until his death that Görgey alone was responsible for the humiliation, ^[1] calling him "Hungary's Judas". ^[5] August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Artúr Görgey (January 30, 1818 - May 21, 1916), was a Hungarian military leader. ... October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ... Lajos Batthyány (Count of Batthyány) (February 14, 1806 - October 6, 1849) was from a long line of counts and a descendant of The Capet Kings of France. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This is a list of Prime Ministers of Hungary: Prime Ministers of Hungary, 1848-1849 Count Lajos Batthyány: 17 March - 2 October 1848 Baron Ádám Récsey: 3 October - 26 November 1848 Lajos Kossuth: 26 November 1848 - 11 August 1849 Bertalan Szemere: 11 August - 13 August 1849 Prime...

One of the public squares contains a martyrs' monument, erected in their memory. It consists of a colossal figure of Hungary, with four allegorical groups, and medallions of the executed generals. ^[6] In the United States, a town square is an area in the middle of a traditional town consisting of a park or plaza and surrounded by small shops. ... An allegory (from Greek αλλος, allos, other, and αγορευειν, agoreuein, to speak in public) is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other than (and in addition to) the literal. ... A medallion is a piece of metal, usually carved or engraving, that is used as a medal, or worn on the body as a special symbol. ...

List of the 13 Marytrs

1. Arisztid Dessewffy (1802 – 1849)
2. Ernő Kiss (1799 – 1849)
3. Ernő Poeltenberg (1814- 1849)
4. György Lahner (1795 – 1849)
5. Ignác Török (1795 – 1849)
6. János Damjanich (1804 – 1849)
7. József Nagy-Sándor (1804 - 1849)
8. József Schweidel (1796- 1849)
9. Károly Knezich (1808- 1849)
10. Károly Leiningen-Westerburg (1819- 1849)
11. Károly Vécsey (1807- 1849)
12. Lajos Aulich (1793 – 1849)
13. Vilmos Lázár (1815- 1849)

• Source: Group TIGblogs

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

References

1. ^ ^a b c Lajos Kossuth
2. ^ History of Hungary
3. ^ ^a b eNotes.com
4. ^ Group TIGblogs
5. ^ Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions
6. ^ Arad, Romania