| Sumerian civilization (691 words) |
 | The basis for the chronology after about 1450 BC is provided by the data in the Assyrian and Babylonian king lists, which can often be checked by dated tablets and the Assyrian lists of eponyms (annual officials whose names served to identify each year). |
| It is, however, still uncertain how much time separated the middle of the 15th century BC from the end of the 1st dynasty of Babylon, which is therefore variously dated to 1594 BC ("middle"), 1530 BC ("short"), or 1730 BC ("long" chronology). |
| From 1594 BC several chronologically overlapping dynasties reach back to the beginning of the 3rd dynasty of Ur, about 2112 BC. |
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