c. 1640: Beavers and otters nearly exterminated in Iroquois country. To expand territory, Iroquois launch decades-long "Beaver Wars" against Huron and other tribes.
1642: The trade settlement at Montreal is founded by the sieur de Maisonneuve, May 18.
1644: Second Powhatan Confederacy uprising against Jamestown, Virginia; its leader, Opechancanough, dies in captivity.
1644 Jeanne Mance (Baptized Langres, France November 12, 1606 Died June 18, 1673) opens Hotel-Dieu, the frist hospital in North America.
1645-63: Under the proprietorship of Richelieu's company's colonial agent, the Community of Habitants, the new French colony takes shape along the St. Lawrence.
1648-49: After the Iroquois brutally ravage Huron country and disperse the Huron nation north of the St. Lawrence, they turn against New France itself.
1649-64: the Beaver Wars: Encouraged by the English, and the need for more beaver for trade (their own area being hunted out), Haudenosee (Iroquois) make war on Hurons (1649), Tobaccos (1649), Neutrals (1650-51), Erie (1653-56), Ottawa (1660), Illinois and Miami (1680-84), and members of the Mahican confederation. English, pleased with this, agree to 2-Row Wampum Peace treaty, 1680.
1649: Attacks by the Iroquois disperse the Huron; disrupts fur trade over the next fifteen years.
In Atlantic Canada, attempts at industrialization had failed to stop the economy’s slide that began with the decline of shipping and shipbuilding, and the region was now relatively worse off than the rest of the country.
By the 1640s French traders and Jesuit missionaries were well established in the Huron villages to the south of Georgian Bay, an arm of Lake Huron.
He was determined to make Upper Canada a model colony, one which would cause what he called a “renewal of empire” by making Americans see the mistakes of their revolt and return to the fold.
Toronto became the capital of Ontario, and Ottawa was established as the capital of the Dominion of Canada.
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