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German Literature (12360 words) |
 | Literature as an art suffered by being pressed into the service of religious controversy; it became polemic or didactic, and its prevailing form was prose. |
| Literature was devoid of originality and substance; the formal side absorbed the chief attention of the writers. |
| Literature in their hands was a mere product of scholarship, entirely out of touch with the people. |
| Italian Literature (7594 words) |
| As another result, Italian literature has borne from its earliest days a strongly marked classicism, not only in the narrow sense of adherence to classical principles of style, but also in the broader sense of respect for tradition. |
| It fuses, too, the secular motifs of the age; the threads of the amatory conventions of the courtly love, the satiric postures of earlier vernacular writings, the idealization of knightly virtues are all woven into the philosophical-theological tapestry. |
| These academies were of interest primarily to the scholars and philosophers of the time, and were mainly concerned with subjects tangential to literature; it might even be contended that their influence on literature proper was not a healthy one. |
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