As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century lasted from 1501 through 1600. A millennium (pl. ... On the Gregorian calendar, the 2nd millennium commenced on 1 January 1001, and ended at the end of 31 December 2000. ... These pages contain the trends of millennia and centuries. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... This is a list of decades which have articles with more information about them. ... The decade of years from 1500 to 1509, inclusive. ... ---- Events and Trends Peter Henlein builds the first pocketwatch Battle of Orsha; Belarussians and Poles defeat the Russian army Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire conquers Palestine and Egypt, and declares himself Caliph Hernán... ... Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century Decades: 1480s 1490s 1500s 1510s 1520s - 1530s - 1540s 1550s 1560s 1570s 1580s Years: 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 Events and Trends Spanish conquest of Peru Beginning of colonization of Brazil Categories: 1530s ... Chillin in ms murrays class 1541 Hernando de Soto is the first European to see the Mississippi River. ... Events and Trends Categories: 1550s ... William Shakespeare is born. ... Significant Events and Trends Transition from the Muromachi to the Azuchi-Momoyama period in Japan Categories: 1570s ... Events and Trends The beginnings of the Golden Age of Literature in England Sir Humphrey Gilbert claims Newfoundland as Englands first overseas colony in 1583 Francis Drake had come back from going around the world, bringing back with him many treasures. ... March 14 - Battle of Ivry - Henry IV of France again defeats the forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne. ... This article is about the concept of time. ... 1501 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...

See also: 16th century in literature See also: 15th century in literature, other events of the 16th century, 17th century in literature, list of years in literature. ...

[edit] Events

[edit] 1500s

Martin Luther at age 46 (Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1529)

• 1500s: Mississippian culture disappears.
• 1500: Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral officially discovers Brazil.
• 1500: The Ottoman fleet of Kemal Reis defeats the Venetians at the Second Battle of Lepanto.
• 1501: Michelangelo returns to his native Florence to begin work on the statue David.
• 1501: Safavid dynasty rules Iran until 1736.
• 1503: Nostradamus was born on either December 14, or December 21.
• 1503: Leonardo da Vinci begins painting the Mona Lisa and completes it three or four years later.
• 1503: Spain defeats France at the Battle of Cerignola. Considered to be the first battle in history won by gunpowder small arms.
• 1504: A droughty period, with famine in all of Spain.
• 1506: At least two thousand converted Jews are massacred in a Lisbon riot.
• 1506: Christopher Columbus dies in Valladolid, Spain.
• 1506: Poland is invaded by Tatars from the Crimean Khanate.
• 1509: The Battle of Diu marks the beginning of Portuguese dominance of the Spice trade.

Download high resolution version (600x645, 471 KB)Print quality version of Luther46. ... Download high resolution version (600x645, 471 KB)Print quality version of Luther46. ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1500 A.D., varying regionally. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pedro Álvares (about 1467 – about 1520), pron. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article details the military of the Ottoman Empire. ... Göke (1495) was the flagship of Kemal Reis Kemal Reis (circa 1451-1511) was a Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral. ... Borders of the Republic of Venice in 1796 Capital Venice Language(s) Venetian, Latin, Italian Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic Doge  - 1789–97 Ludovico Manin History  - Established 697  - Treaty of Zara June 27, 1358  - Treaty of Leoben April 17, 1797 * Traditionally, the establishment of the Republic is dated to 697. ... Belligerents Republic of Venice Ottoman Empire Commanders  ? Kemal Reis Strength  ?  ? Lepanto was also the scene of battles in 429 BC see Battle of Naupactus and in 1571 see Battle of Lepanto (1571) The Second Battle of Lepanto (or Battle of Modon) took place in August 1500 during the 1499-1503... 1501 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Michelangelo (disambiguation). ... Florence (or Firenze, Florentia and Fiorenza) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany, and of the province of Florence. ... 1501 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Safavid Empire at its 1512 borders. ... Events January 26 - Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne. ... Year 1503 (MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Nostradamus: original portrait by his son Cesar Michel de Nostredame (December 14, 1503 – July 2, 1566), usually Latinized to Nostradamus, was a French apothecary and reputed seer who published collections of prophecies that have since become famous world-wide. ... Year 1503 (MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... “Da Vinci” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Mona Lisa (disambiguation). ... Year 1503 (MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Combatants Spain France Commanders Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba Louis dArmagnac â€  Strength 8,000 infantry 20 guns 32,000 infantry and cavalry 40 guns Casualties 100 men 4. ... 1504 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fields outside Benambra, Victoria, Australia suffering from drought conditions A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. ... <nowiki>Insert non-formatted text hereBold text</nowiki>A famine is a social and economic crisis that is commonly accompanied by widespread malnutrition, starvation, epidemic and increased mortality. ... 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Marranos (Spanish and Portuguese, literally pigs in the Spanish language, originally a derogatory term from the Arabic محرّم muharram meaning ritually forbidden, stemming from the prohibition against eating the flesh of the animal among both Jews and Muslims), were Sephardic Jews (Jews from the Iberian peninsula) who were forced to adopt... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Christopher Columbus (1451 – May 20, 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer and one of the first Europeans to explore the Americas after the Vikings. ... For the city in Mexico, see Valladolid, Yucatán. ... 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tatar invasions of Europe from the east took place over the course of three centuries, from the middle ages to early modern period. ... Flag Crimean Khanate in 1600 Capital Bakhchisaray Government Monarchy History  - Established 1441  - Annexed to Russia 1783 The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: ; Russian: - Krymskoye khanstvo; Ukrainian: - Krymske khanstvo; Turkish: ) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. ... 1509 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The naval Battle of Diu was a critical sea battle that took place on 2-3 February 1509 near the port town of Diu, India , between Portugal and a joint fleet of Mamlûk Burji Sultanate of Egypt, Ottoman Empire, the Zamorin of Calicut and the Sultan of Gujarat, with... Spices at the central market of Agadir, Morocco in May 2005 The spice trade has been of major economic importance throughout human history and it particularly helped spur the Age of Exploration. ...

[edit] 1510s

• 1513: Machiavelli writes The Princea gay novel
• 1513: The Portuguese mariner Jorge Álvares lands at Macau, China, during the Ming Dynasty.
• 1513: Henry VIII crush French at the Battle of the Spurs.
• 1513: The Battle of Flodden Field in which invading Scots are defeated by Henry VIII's forces.
• 1513: Sultan Selim I ("The Grim") orders the massacre of Shia Muslims in Anatolia.
• 1514: The Battle of Orsha halts Muscovy's expansion into Eastern Europe.
• 1515: The Ottoman Empire wrests Eastern Anatolia from the Safavids after the Battle of Chaldiran.
• 1516-17: The Ottomans defeat the Mamluks and gain control of Egypt, Arabia, and the Levant.
• 1517: The Protestant Reformation begins when Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses in Saxony.
• 1518: Mir Chakar Khan Rind leaves Baluchistan and settled in Punjab.
• 1519: Leonardo da Vinci dies of natural causes at May 2.
• 1519: Wang Yangming, the Chinese philosopher and governor of Jiangxi province, describes his intent to use the fire power of the fo-lang-ji, a breech-loading Portuguese culverin, in order to suppress the rebellion of Prince Zhu Chen-hao.
• 1519: Barbary pirates lead by Hayreddin Barbarossa raid Provence and Toulon in southern France.
• 1519: Charles I of Spain becomes Emperor of Holy Roman Empire as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (ruled until 1556).
• 1519-22: Spanish expedition commanded by Magellan and Elcano first to circle Earth
• 1519-21: Hernán Cortés leads the Spanish conquest of Mexico.

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the book by Niccolò Machiavelli. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mariner can refer to The PBM Mariner flying boat The Mariner Space Program An archaic term for sailor This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Jorge Álvares (died July 8, 1521) was a Portuguese explorer. ... For other uses, see Ming. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... Combatants France Kingdom of England Commanders Jacques de la Palice Henry VIII Strength 40,000 30,000 The Battle of the Spurs or Battle of Guinegate took place on August 16, 1513. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Belligerents Kingdom of England Kingdom of Scotland Commanders Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey James IV † Strength 25,000 30,000 5,000 French knights and infantry Casualties and losses 1,500 10,000 - 12,000 (in addition to a large number missing) Western side of the battlefield, looking south-south... This article is about the Scottish people as an ethnic group. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Selim I (Ottoman: سليم الأول, Turkish:) (also known as the Grim or the Brave, Yavuz in Turkish, the long name is Yavuz Sultan Selim)(October 10, 1465 – September 22, 1520) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. ... Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ... This article is about two nested areas of Turkey, a plateau region within a peninsula. ... 1514 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Battle of Orsha took place September 8, 1514, between the forces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland (less than 30,000 troops), under the command of Hetman Konstanty Ostrogski, and the army of Muscovy under Konyushy (конюший, Tsars Equerry) Ivan Chelyadnin (Иван Челяднин) and... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское)) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... 1515 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) Ä°stanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320... This article is about two nested areas of Turkey, a plateau region within a peninsula. ... The Battle of Chaldiran was a military conflict that occurred on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive military victory of the Ottoman Empire over the Safavids. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... Year 1517 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) Ä°stanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320... Mamluk Flag Eastern Mediterranean 1450 Capital Cairo Language(s) Arabic, Kipchak Turkic[1] Religion Islam Government Monarchy History  - As-Salih Ayyubs death 1250  - Battle of Ridanieh 1517 Today part of Egypt Saudi Arabia Syria Palestine Israel Lebanon Jordan Turkey Libya A Mamluk cavalryman, drawn in 1810 A mamluk (Arabic... Arabia redirects here. ... The Levant The Levant (IPA: ) is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern Arabian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia to the east. ... Year 1517 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Reformation redirects here. ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... The 95 Theses. ... Location Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DED Capital Dresden Minister-President Georg Milbradt (CDU) Governing parties CDU / SPD Votes in Bundesrat 4 (from 69) Basic statistics Area  18,416 km² (7,110 sq mi) Population 4,252,000 (11/2006)[1]  - Density 231 /km... Events A plague of tropical fire ants devastates crops on Hispaniola. ... Mir Chakar Khan Rind (Urdu: میر چاکر خان رند) is considered a folk hero of Baloch people. ... Major ethnic groups in Pakistan and surrounding areas, in 1980. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... “Da Vinci” redirects here. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... Wang Yangming,1st Earl of Xinjian, (1472–1529) was a Ming Chinese idealist Neo-Confucian philosopher, official, educationist, calligraphist and general. ...   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-hsi; Postal map spelling: Kiangsi) is a southern province of the Peoples Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south. ... A breech-loading weapon, usually a gun or cannon, is one where the bullet or shell is inserted, loaded, into the gun at the rear of the barrel, the breech; the opposite of muzzle-loading. ... A culverin is a cannon that fires an 18-pound solid round shot. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha (Turkish: Barbaros Hayreddin PaÅŸa or Hızır Hayreddin PaÅŸa; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the rank of Pasha and becoming the Kaptan-ı Derya (Fleet Admiral) of the Ottoman Navy) (c. ... Coat of arms of Provence Provence (Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) was a Roman province and now is a region of southeastern France on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Italy. ... Panorama of Toulon area. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... This article is about the medieval empire. ... For the Carlist claimant King Carlos V, see Infante Carlos, Count of Molina. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. ... Magellan may refer to: People Ferdinand Magellan, the Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition to travel around the world. ... Juan Sebastián Elcano (or del Cano) (Vizcaya, 1476 - Pacific Ocean, August 4, 1526) was a Spanish (Basque) explorer. ... “Round the world” redirects here. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... Hernán(do) Cortés Pizarro, 1st Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca (1485–December 2, 1547) was the conquistador who became famous for leading the military expedition that initiated the Spanish Conquest of Mexico. ... Aztec empire The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of America. ... Portrait of Emperor Charles V The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Portrait of Emperor Charles V The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... For the Carlist claimant King Carlos V, see Infante Carlos, Count of Molina. ...

[edit] 1520s

• 1520-1566: The reign of Suleiman the Magnificent marks the zenith of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1521: Belgrade is captured by the Ottoman Empire.
• 1521: After building fortifications at Tuen Mun, the Portuguese attempt to invade Ming Dynasty China, but are expelled by Chinese naval forces.
• 1521: Philippines discovered by Ferdinand Magellan. He was later killed in battle in central Philippines in the same year.
• 1522: Rhodes falls to the Ottoman Turks of Suleiman the Magnificent.
• 1523: Sweden gains independence from the Kalmar Union.
• 1524-25: Peasants' War in the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1524 - Giovanni da Verrazzano is the first European to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between South Carolina and Newfoundland.
• 1525: Spain and Germany defeat France at the Battle of Pavia, Francis I of France is captured.
• 1526: The Ottomans conquer the Kingdom of Hungary at the Battle of Mohács.
• 1526: Mughal Empire, founded by Babur, rules India until 1739 and hold titles until 1857.
• 1527: Sack of Rome is considered the end of the Italian Renaissance.
• 1527: Protestant Reformation begins in Sweden.
• 1529: The Siege of Vienna marks the Ottoman Empire's furthest advance into Europe.

Year 1520 (MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Events January 7 - Pius V becomes Pope Selim II succeeds Suleiman I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Religious rioting in the Netherlands signifies the beginning of the Eighty Years War in the Netherlands. ... Suleiman I (Ottoman Turkish: Sulaymān, Turkish: ; almost always Kanuni Sultan Süleyman) (November 6, 1494 – September 5/6, 1566), was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death in 1566. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) Ä°stanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... Tuen Mun (屯門) is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. ... For other uses, see Ming. ... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Knights Hospitaller Commanders Suleiman the Magnificent Mustafa Pasha Philippe Villiers de LIsle-Adam Strength 110,000 soldiers 10,000 janissaries 60,000 slaves 400 ships 600 knights 4,500 soldiers citizens Casualties 50,000 Unknown The Siege of Rhodes of 1522 was the second and ultimately... Suleiman I (Ottoman Turkish: Sulaymān, Turkish: ; almost always Kanuni Sultan Süleyman) (November 6, 1494 – September 5/6, 1566), was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death in 1566. ... Events April - Battle of Villalar - Forces loyal to Emperor Charles V defeat the Comuneros, a league of urban bourgeois rebelling against Charles in Spain. ... // Gustav Vasa Main article: Gustav I of Sweden Gusav Vasa Gustav I of Sweden (Vasa) had political and religious difficulties in his kingdom established in 1523. ... The Kalmar Union flag. ... Events March 1, 1524/5 - Giovanni da Verrazano lands near Cape Fear (approx. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... Peasants War map. ... This article is about the medieval empire. ... Giovanni da Verrazzano (c. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... “Battle of Pavia” redirects here. ... Francis I of France (French: François Ier) (September 12, 1494 – March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the better-known Battle of Mohács of 1526. ... January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... Mughal Empire at its greatest extent in 1700 Capital Lahore, Delhi, Agra , Kabul, Lucknow and Bhopal Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai; later also Urdu) Government Absolute Monarchy , Unitary Government with a federal structure Emperor  - 1526-1530 Babur  - 1530–1539 and after restoration 1555–1556 Humayun  - 1556–1605 Akbar  - 1605... Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... // About the number 1739 1739 is the smallest integer that can be written as sum of three perfect cubes, in two ways. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... January 5 - Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. ... January 5 - Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church. ... Reformation redirects here. ... Events April 22 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297. ... // Combatants Austria with Bohemian, German & Spanish mercenaries Ottoman Empire Commanders Nicholas, Graf von Salm Suleiman I Strength over 16,000 [1] 120,000 [1] Casualties Unknown Unknown The Siege of Vienna of 1529, as distinct from the Battle of Vienna in 1683, was the Ottoman Empires first attempt to...

[edit] 1530s

• 1531-32: The Church of England breaks away from the Roman Catholic Church and recognizes King Henry VIII as the head of the Church.
• 1531: The Inca Civil War is fought between the two brothers, Atahualpa and Huáscar.
• 1532: Francisco Pizarro leads the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.
• 1534: Jacques Cartier claims Quebec for France.
• 1534: The Ottomans capture Baghdad.
• 1537: Portuguese establishes Recife in Pernambuco, north-east of Brazil.
• 1538: Spanish-Venetian fleet is defeated by the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Preveza.
• 1539: Hernando de Soto explores inland North America

January 26 - Lisbon, Portugal is hit by an earthquake - thousands die. ... Events May 16 - Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. ... The specifically English church originates primarily from events in the late 6th century in the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Kent, and the mission of Saint Augustine. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... Henry VIII redirects here. ... January 26 - Lisbon, Portugal is hit by an earthquake - thousands die. ... Combatants Inca Empire apart from northern territories, allied city-state Tumebamba, conservatives Confederate Northern Inca Empire (1527-1532), separatists Commanders Huascar, Inca emperor and claimant to the northern regions Atahualpa, Northern Inca emperor (legitimate) Strength ~200,000, with another 2 million reservists +50,000, later expanded up to 250,000... Lifetime portrait of Atahuallpa, the last sovereign Inca emperor Atahualpa or Atawallpa (c. ... Huáscar, in full Inti Cusi Huallpa Huáscar (“Sun of Joy”) (died 1532). ... Events May 16 - Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. ... Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro González should not be confused with another Francisco Pizarro who joined Hernán Cortés to conquer the Aztecs. ... The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire was a process through which a group of Spaniards led by Francisco Pizarro succeeded in toppling the Inca Empire in the early 16th-century. ... 1534 (MDXXXIV) was a common year in the 16th century. ... For other uses, see Jacques Cartier (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... 1534 (MDXXXIV) was a common year in the 16th century. ... Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... Nickname: Motto: lucea omnibus Latin: That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) Location of Recife Country Brazil Region State Pernambuco Founded March 12, 1537 Incorporated (as village) 1709 Incorporated (as city) 1823 Government  - Mayor João Paulo Lima e Silva (PT) Area  - City 218 km² (84. ... Capital (and largest city) Recife Demonym Pernambucano Government  -  Governor Eduardo Campos  -  Vice Governor João Lyra Neto Area  -  Total 98. ... Events Treaty of Nagyvarad. ... Borders of the Republic of Venice in 1796 Capital Venice Language(s) Venetian, Latin, Italian Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic Doge  - 1789–97 Ludovico Manin History  - Established 697  - Treaty of Zara June 27, 1358  - Treaty of Leoben April 17, 1797 * Traditionally, the establishment of the Republic is dated to 697. ... The naval Battle of Preveza took place on 28 September 1538 near Preveza in northwest Greece and was an important victory for an Ottoman fleet commanded by Khair ad Din (Barbarossa) over a Spanish-Venetian fleet commanded by the great Genoese admiral Andrea Doria fleet despite the allies having a... Events May 30 - In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal to find gold. ... For the Peruvian economist, see Hernando de Soto (economist). ...

[edit] 1540s

Henry VIII
King of England and Ireland
by Hans Holbein the Younger.

• 1541: Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile.
• 1542: War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French.
• 1543: Ethiopian/Portuguese troops decisively defeat the Muslim army at the Battle of Wayna Daga; Imam Ahmad Gragn killed.
• 1543: The Nanban trade period begins after Portuguese traders make contact with Japan.
• 1544: The French defeat an Imperial-Spanish army at the Battle of Ceresole.
• 1547: Emperor Charles V decisively dismantles the Schmalkaldic League at the Battle of Mühlberg.
• 1549: Tomé de Souza establishes Salvador in Bahia, north-east of Brazil .

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2945, 621 KB) Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2945, 621 KB) Please see the file description page for further information. ... A 1543 portrait miniature of Hans Holbein the Younger by Lucas Horenbout Holbeins 1533 painting The Ambassadors Hans Holbein the Younger (c. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... Pedro de Valdivia Pedro de Valdivia (c. ... Location of Santiago commune in Greater Santiago Coordinates: , Region Province Foundation February 12, 1541 Government  - Mayor Raúl Alcaíno Lihn Area 1  - City 22. ... Events War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII of England is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French. ... Francis I of France (French: François Ier) (September 12, 1494 – March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... Charles (February 24, 1500 – September 21, 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V) from 1519-1558; he was also King of Spain from 1516-1556, officially as Charles I of Spain, although often referred to as Charles V (Carlos Quinto or Carlos V) in Spain and Latin America. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... James V (April 10, 1512 – December 14, 1542) was king of Scotland (September 9, 1513 – December 14, 1542). ... Suleiman the Magnificent Suleiman I (November 6, 1494 – September 5/6, 1566); in Turkish Süleyman , (nicknamed the Magnificent in Europe and the Lawgiver in the Islamic World, in Turkish Kanuni) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566 and successor to Selim I. He was born at... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Ityopiya, Amharic ኢትዮጵያ) is a country situated in the Horn of Africa. ... Combatants Ethiopia Adal Sultanate Commanders Emperor Galawdewos Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi Strength 8,000 Ethiopian infantry, 500 Ethiopian horse, 70 Portuguese musketeers, 60 Portuguese horse 14,000 infantry, 1200 horse, 200 Ottoman musketeers Casualties unknown extensive, but not precisely known; 160 Ottoman musketeers killed The Battle of Wayna... Ahmed Gurey statue in Mogadishu. ... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... The Nanban Trade Period (Jp:南蛮貿易時代, Lit. ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... This article is about the medieval empire. ... Combatants France Holy Roman Empire, Spain Commanders Count of Enghien Alfonso dAvalos Strength ~11,000–13,000 infantry, ~1,500–1,850 cavalry, ~20 guns ~12,500–18,000 infantry, ~800–1,000 cavalry, ~20 guns Casualties ~1,500–2,000+ dead or wounded ~5,000–6,000+ dead... Year 1547 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Charles V may refer to: Charles V of France, the Wise (1338–1380). ... The Schmalkaldic League was a defensive league of Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire in the mid-16th century. ... The Battle of Mühlberg was a large battle in which the Holy Roman Empire decisively dismantled the Schmalkaldic League. ... Events July - Ketts Rebellion Francis Xavier arrives in Japan. ... An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). ... Salvador (meaning saviour in Spanish and Portuguese) can be: the Central American nation of El Salvador. ... Capital (and largest city) Salvador Demonym Baiano Government  -  Governor Jacques Wagner  -  Vice Governor Edmundo Pereira Santos Area  -  Total 564. ...

[edit] 1550s

• 1550: Mongols led by Altan Khan invade China and besiege Beijing.
• 1550-1551: Valladolid debate concerning the existence of souls in Amerindians
• 1551: Fifth outbreak of sweating sickness in England. John Caius of Shrewsbury writes the first full contemporary account of the symptoms of the disease.
• 1551: North African pirates enslave the entire population of the Maltese island Gozo, between 5,000 and 6,000, sending them to Libya.
• 1552: Russia conquers the Khanate of Kazan.
• 1553: Portuguese found a settlement at Macau.
• 1555: The Muscovy Company is the first major English joint stock trading company.
• 1556: Publication in Venice of Delle Navigiationi et Viaggi (terzo volume) by Giovanni Battista Ramusio, secretary of Council of Ten, with plan La Terra de Hochelaga, an illustration of Indian village Hochelaga. See [1]
• 1556: The Shaanxi Earthquake in China is history's deadliest known earthquake.
• 1556: Georgius Agricola, the "Father of Mineralogy", publishes his De re metallica.
• 1556: Akbar the Great defeats the Sultan of Bengal at the Second battle of Panipat
• 1556: Russia conquers the Astrakhan Khanate.
• 1556-1605: During his reign, Akbar expands the Mughal Empire in a series of conquests.
• 1556: Mir Chakar Khan Rind captured Delhi with Emperor Humayun.
• 1556: Pomponio Algerio, radical theologian, is executed by boiling in oil as part of the Roman inquisition.
• 1557: The Portuguese settle in Macau.
• 1557: Spain became the first sovereign nation in history to declare bankruptcy. Philip II of Spain had to declare four state bankruptcies in 1557, 1560, 1575 and 1596.
• 1558-1603: The Elizabethan era is considered the height of the English Renaissance.
• 1558-83: Livonian War between Poland, Grand Principality of Lithuania, Sweden, Denmark and Russia.
• 1558: After 200 years, the Kingdom of England loses Calais to France.
• 1559: With the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis, the Italian Wars conclude.

Suleiman the Magnificent.

Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... For other uses, see Mongols (disambiguation). ... Altan Khan (1507-1582), whose given name was Anda, was the de facto ruler of the Right Wing of the Mongols and exercised his power over whole Mongolia. ... Peking redirects here. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Year 1551 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... The Valladolid debate (1550 – 1551) concerned the treatment of natives of the New World. ... ... Year 1551 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Sweating sickness, also known as the English sweate (Lat. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... John Caius [Anglice Kees, Keys, etc. ... For other places with the same name, see Shrewsbury (disambiguation). ... Year 1551 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Gozo (Maltese: Għawdex) is an island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea, the island is part of the Southern European country Malta and is the second largest after the island of Malta itself within the archipelago. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Map of Kazan Khanate, early 1500s The Kazan Khanate (Tatar: Qazan xanlığı; Russian: Казанское ханство) (1438-1552) was a Tatar state on the territory of former Volga Bulgaria with its capital in Kazan. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... Ivan IV of Russia demonstrates his treasures to the English ambassador (1875) The Muscovy Company (also called Russian Company or Muscovy Trading Company, Russian: Московская компания), was a trading company chartered in 1555. ... A joint stock company (JSC) is a type of business partnership in which the capital is formed by the individual contributions of a group of shareholders. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Map of China showing Shaanxi province (red) and the other provinces affected by the earthquake (orange) The Shaanxi earthquake or Hua County Earthquake is the deadliest earthquake on record, killing approximately 830,000 people. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Georg Agricola Georg (or Georgius) Agricola (March 24, 1490 - November 21, 1555) was a German scholar and man of science. ... Mineralogy is an earth science that involves the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals. ... Georg Agricola the father of mineralogy De re metallica (Latin for On the Nature of Metals (Minerals)) is a book cataloging the state of the art of mining, refining, and smelting metals, published in 1556. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For other uses, see Bengal (disambiguation). ... The Second Battle of Panipat took place on November 5, 1556. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... The Khanate of Astrakhan (Xacitarxan Khanate) was a Tatar feudal state that appeared after the collapse of the Golden Horde. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... 1605 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Mir Chakar Khan Rind (Urdu: میر چاکر خان رند) is considered a folk hero of Baloch people. ... , For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... Nasiruddin Humayun (March 6, 1508 – February 22, 1556), second Mughal Emperor, ruled in India from 1530–1540 and 1555–1556. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Roman Inquisition began in 1542 when Pope Paul III established the Holy Office as the final court of appeal in trials of heresy and served as an important part of the Counter-Reformation. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Philip II (Spanish: ; Portuguese: ) (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England (as husband of Mary I) from 1554 to 1558, Lord of the Seventeen Provinces (holding various titles for the individual territories... January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of the Kingdom of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... Year 1603 (MDCIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Elizabethan redirects here. ... The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. ... January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of the Kingdom of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... 1583 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... The Reformation reached Livonia in the 1520s. ... January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of the Kingdom of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right Territory of the Kingdom of England Capital Winchester; London from 11th century Language(s) Old English (de facto, until 1066) Anglo-Norman language (de jure, 1066 - 15th century) English (de facto, gradually replaced French from late 13th century) Government Monarchy... Calais (Kales in Dutch) is a town in northern France, located at 50°57N 1°52E. It is in the département of Pas-de-Calais, of which it is a sous-préfecture. ... January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis is an agreement reached between Elizabeth I of England and Henry II of France on April 2 and between Henry II and Philip II of Spain on April 3, 1559, at Le Cateau-Cambrésis, around twenty kilometres south-east of Cambrai, that ende