The year 1748 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.

See also: 1747 in science, other events of 1748, 1749 in science and the list of years in science.

Archaeology

• Rediscovery of the ruins of Pompeii

Mathematics

• Leonhard Euler publishes Analysis Infinitorum, an introduction to pure analytical mathematics

Medicine

• John Fothergill publishes Account of the Sore Throat, attended with Ulcers, an early description of diphtheria

Technology

• Lewis Paul invents a hand machine for wool-carding

Awards

• Copley Medal: James Bradley

Births

• February 27 - Anders Sparrman, Swedish botanist, pupil of Linnaeus (died 1820)
• March 5 - Jonas C. Dryander, Swedish botanist (died 1810)
• March 10 - John Playfair, Scottish scientist (died 1819)
• April 12 - Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (died 1836)
• June 30 - Dominique, comte de Cassini, French astronomer (died 1845)
• August 8 - Johann Friedrich Gmelin, German naturalist (died 1804)
• December 9 - Claude Louis Berthollet, chemist (died 1822)

Deaths

• January 1 - Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (born 1667)