The Phaistos Disc most likely dating from about 1700 BC. Its purpose and meaning, and even its original geographical place of manufacture remains unknown, making it one of the most famous mysteries of archaeology.
He was overthrown following the sack of Babylon in 1595 BC by the Hittite king Mursili I, and Babylonia was turned over to the Kassites (Kossaeans) from the mountains of Iran, with whom Samsu-Iluna had already come into conflict in his 6th year.
It was in the sixth year of Nabonidus (549 BC) that Cyrus, the Achaemenid Persian "king of Anshan" in Elam, revolted against his suzerain Astyages, "king of the Manda" or Medes, at Ecbatana.
A year before Cyrus' death, in 529 BC, he elevated his son Cambyses II in the government, making him king of Babylon, while he reserved for himself the fuller title of "king of the (other) provinces" of the empire.
The Code of Hammurabi (also known as the Codex Hammurabi and Hammurabi's Code), created ca. 1780 BC (short chronology), is one of the earliest sets of laws found and one of the best preserved examples of this type of document from ancient Mesopotamia.
Unlike many earlier and contemporary kings, he did not consider himself related to any god, although he did call himself "the favorite of the gods." In the upper part of the stela, Hammurabi is shown in front of the throne of the sun god Shamash.
The earlier Ur-Nammu, of the written literature prolific Ur-III dynasty (21st centuryBC), also produced a code of laws, some of which bear resemblance to certain specific laws in the Code of Hammurabi.
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