 This schematic shows the axis between two characters and the 180° arc on which cameras may be positioned (green). When cutting from the green arc to the red arc, the characters switch places on the screen. The 180° rule is a basic film editing guideline that states that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. If the camera passes over the imaginary axis connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line. The new shot, from the opposite side, is known as a reverse angle. Image File history File links 180_degree_rule. ...
Image File history File links 180_degree_rule. ...
Film editing is the connecting of one or more shots to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an entire movie. ...
Examples
In the example of a dialogue, if Ted is on the left and Bob is on the right, then Ted should be facing right at all times, even when Bob is off the edge of the frame, and Bob should always be facing left. Shifting to the other side of the characters on a cut, so that Bob is now on the left side and Ted is on the right, will disorient the viewer, and break the flow of the scene.
In the example of an action scene, such as a car chase, if a vehicle leaves the right side of the frame in one shot, it should enter from the left side of the frame in the next shot. Leaving from the right and entering from the right will create a similar sense of disorientation as in the dialogue example. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
An excellent example of sustained use of the 180 degree rule occurs throughout much of The Big Parade, a drama about World War One directed by King Vidor. In the sequences leading up to the battle scenes, the American forces (arriving from the west) are always shown marching from left to right across the screen, while the German troops (arriving from the east) are always shown marching from right to left. After the battle scenes, when the weary troops are staggering homeward, the Americans are always shown crossing the screen from right to left (moving west) and the Germans from left to right (moving east). The audience's viewpoint is therefore always from a consistent position, in this case southward of the action. Some directors do cross the line for dramatic effect. The Big Parade is a 1925 silent film which tells the story of an idle rich boy who is shipped off to France to fight World War I, becomes friends with two working class men, experiences the horrors of trench warfare, and finds love with a French girl. ...
King Vidor King Wallis Vidor (February 8, 1894 – November 1, 1982) was an American film director. ...
Problems caused and solutions Avoiding crossing the line is a problem that those learning filmcraft can struggle with. In the above example with the car chase, a possible solution is to begin the second cut with the car driving into frame from the "wrong" side. Although this may be wrong in the geographic sense on set, it looks more natural to the viewer. Another possibility is to insert a "buffer shot" of the subject head-on (or from behind) to help the viewer understand the camera movement [1].
Style In professional productions, the 180° rule is an essential element of a style of film editing called continuity editing. The rule is not always obeyed. Sometimes a filmmaker will purposely break the line of action in order to create disorientation. Stanley Kubrick was known to do this. The Wachowski Brothers and directors Tinto Brass, Yasujiro Ozu, Wong Kar-Wai and Jacques Tati sometimes ignored this rule also.[2] The British TV presenters Ant & Dec extend this continuity to almost all their appearances, with Ant almost always on the left and Dec on the right. Film editing is the connecting of one or more shots to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an entire movie. ...
Continuity editing is the predominant style of film editing practiced by most Hollywood editors. ...
Kubrick redirects here. ...
Laurence Larry Wachowski (born June 21, 1965) and Andrew Andy Wachowski (born December 29, 1967) are American film directors and writers most famous for creating The Matrix series. ...
Giovanni Brass (born March 26, 1933), better known as Tinto Brass, is one of the most well-known and controversial Italian filmmakers. ...
Yasujiro Ozu (å°æ´¥ 安二郎 Ozu YasujirÅ) (December 12, 1903 - December 12, 1963) was an influential Japanese film director. ...
Wong Kar-wai (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Cantonese Yale: Wòhng Gà Waih; Shanghainese Latin method: Wan Kawe; born July 17, 1958) is a Hong Kong film director known for his visually unique, highly stylized art films. ...
Jacques Tati as Monsieur Hulot. ...
Anthony McPartlin (born 18 November 1975) and Declan Donnelly (born 25 September 1975), from Newcastle upon Tyne, England are popular presenters of light entertainment television programmes in the United Kingdom, as the duo Ant & Dec. ...
Some filmmakers state that the fictional axis created by this rule can be used to plan the emotional strength of a scene. The closer you place the camera to the axis, the more emotionally involved the audience will be.
In the Japanese animated picture Paprika, two of the main characters discuss crossing the line and demonstrate the disorienting effect of actually performing the action. “Animé†redirects here. ...
This article is for the 2006 film Paprika Paprika, see Paprika (1991 film) Paprika ) is a Japanese animated science fiction film, based on Yasutaka Tsutsuis 1993 novel Paprika, about a female research psychologist involved in a project to develop a device that will permit therapists to help patients by...
Use in TV Sports Sporting events that are covered with several cameras often use cameras on the other side of the line in order to obtain an optimal view of an incident that is blocked by the main shots. In order to prevent confusion, reverse angle shots are used sparingly and with some kind of graphic (e.g. "REVERSE ANGLE" on screen) to explain the change of viewpoint. This is now nearly always used in EPL (English Premier League) matches and also Rugby matches as it shows a different view of the goal or try for example.
See also Continuity editing is the predominant style of film editing practiced by most Hollywood editors. ...
An image example of the 30 degree rule. ...
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