The year 1843 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. The following entries cover events of a science or technology related nature which occurred in the listed year. ... The table of years in science is a tabular display of all years in science, for overview and quick navigation to any year. ... See also: Other events of 1833 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1834 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1835 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1836 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1837 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1838 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1839 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1840 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1841 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1842 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1844 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1845 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1846 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1847 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1848 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1849 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1850 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1851 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1852 List of years in science . ... See also: Other events of 1853 List of years in science . ... This page indexes the individual years pages. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Jan. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... This page indexes the individual years pages. ... This is a list of decades which have articles with more information about them. ... Events and Trends End of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe (1803 - 1815). ... Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827). ... // Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday Evolutionary theorist Charles Darwins expedition on the HMS Beagle. ... // First use of general anesthesia in an operation, by Crawford Long The first electrical telegraph sent by Samuel Morse on May 24, 1844 from Baltimore to Washington, D.C.. First signing of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) on February 6, 1840 at Waitangi, Northland New Zealand. ... // Production of steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Railroads begin to supplant canals in the United States as a primary means of transporting goods. ... // The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was built in the six year period between 1863 and 1869. ... // The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... This is a list of decades which have articles with more information about them. ... These pages contain the trends of millennia and centuries. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... These pages contain the trends of millennia and centuries. ... See also: 1842 in art, other events of 1843, 1844 in art, list of years in art. ... 1843 in archaeology // Explorations Excavations Amateur excavations of Jordan Hill Roman Temple, Dorset Publications Incidents of Travel in Yucatan by John Lloyd Stephens with illustrations by Frederick Catherwood The History of the Conquest of Mexico by William H. Prescott Events September: The Alexander Mosaic is moved from Pompeii to Naples... See also: 1842 in architecture, other events of 1843, 1844 in architecture and the architecture timeline. ... See also: 1842 in literature, other events of 1843, 1844 in literature, list of years in literature. ... See also: 1842 in music, other events of 1843, 1844 in music and the list of years in music. Events February 6 - The first United States The Virginia Minstrels opens at the Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the surface of the Earth for the first time and explore space. ...

Astronomy

• John Couch Adams predicts the existence and location of Neptune from irregularities in the orbit of Uranus
• Heinrich Schwabe reports a periodic change in the number of sunspots: they wax and wane in number according to a ten-year cycle

John Couch Adams (June 5, 1819 – January 21, 1892), was a British mathematician and astronomer. ... Atmospheric characteristics Surface pressure ≫100 MPa Hydrogen - H2 80% ±3. ... Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 120 kPa Hydrogen 83% Helium 15% Methane 1. ... Samuel Heinrich Schwabe (October 25, 1789–April 11, 1875) was a German astronomer. ...

Chemistry

• Carl Mosander discovers Terbium and Erbium

Carl Gustaf Mosander (Kalmar 10 September 1797 – Lovö, Stockholm County 15 October Swedish chemist. ... General Name, Symbol, Number terbium, Tb, 65 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 158. ... General Name, Symbol, Number erbium, Er, 68 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 167. ...

Mathematics

• Pierre-Alphonse Laurent discovers and presents the Laurent expansion theorem
• William Rowan Hamilton discovers the calculus of quaternions and deduces that they are non-commutative
• Arthur Cayley and James Joseph Sylvester found the algebraic invariant theory

For other persons named William Hamilton, see William Hamilton (disambiguation). ... Arthur Cayley (August 16, 1821 - January 26, 1895) was a British mathematician. ... James Joseph Sylvester James Joseph Sylvester (September 3, 1814 London - March 15, 1897 Oxford) was an English mathematician. ... In mathematics, invariant theory refers to the study of invariant algebraic forms (equivalently, symmetric tensors) for the action of linear transformations. ...

Physics

• James Joule experimentally finds the mechanical equivalent of heat

James Prescott Joule (December 24, 1818–October 11, 1889) was an English physicist, born in Salford, near Manchester. ...

Technology

• Launch of SS Great Britain, the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean
• Robert Stirling and his brother James convert a steam engine at a Dundee factory to operate as a Stirling engine
• The first public telegraph line in the United Kingdom is laid between Paddington and Slough
• Completion of the Thames Tunnel, the first underwater tunnel in the world

ss Great Britain was the first ocean-going ship to have an iron hull and a screw propeller and, when launched in 1843, was the largest vessel afloat. ... Reverend Dr Robert Stirling The Reverend Dr Robert Stirling (October 25, 1790 - June 6, 1878) was a Scottish clergyman, and inventor of a highly efficient heat engine. ... For other uses, see Dundee (disambiguation). ... Cut away diagram of a Rhombic Drive Beta Stirling Engine Design Pink - Hot cylinder wall, Dark grey - Cold cylinder wall (with coolant inlet and outlet pipes in Yellow), Dark Green - Thermal insulation separating the two cylinder ends, Light Green - Displacer piston, Dark Blue - Power piston, Light Blue - Flywheels, Not Shown... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... For other places with the same name, see Paddington (disambiguation). ... Slough (pronounced ) is a town and unitary authority (Borough of Slough) in England. ...

Awards

• Copley Medal: Jean-Baptiste Dumas
• Wollaston Medal for Geology: Jean-Baptiste Elie de Beaumont; Pierre Armand Dufrenoy

The Copley Medal is a scientific award for work in any field of science, the highest award granted by the Royal Society of London. ... Jean Baptiste André Dumas Jean Baptiste André Dumas (July 14, 1800 - April 10, 1884), French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) by measuring vapor densities. ... The Wollaston Medal is a scientific award for geology, the highest award granted by the Geological Society of London. ... Jean-Baptiste Armand Louis Léonce Elie de Beaumont (September 25, 1798 – September 21, 1874) was a French geologist. ... Ours-Pierre-Armand Petit-Dufrénoy (September 5, 1792 - March 20, 1857), French geologist and mineralogist, was born at Sevrati, in the départment of Seine-et-Oise. ...

Births

• June 12 - David Gill (d. 1914), astronomer.
• December 11 - Robert Koch (d. 1910), physician, famous for the discovery of the tubercle bacillus (1882) and the cholera bacillus (1883) and for his development of Koch's postulates. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905

is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sir David Gill (June 12, 1843 – January 24, 1914) was a Scottish astronomer who spent much of his career in South Africa. ... See also: Other events of 1914 List of years in science . ... An astronomer or astrophysicist is a person whose area of interest is astronomy or astrophysics. ... December 11 is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the American lobbyist, see Bobby Koch. ... See also: Other events of 1910 List of years in science . ... For other uses, see Doctor. ... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ... See also: Other events of 1882 List of years in science . ... Cholera (or Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera) is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ... Species Bacillus anthracis Bacillus cereus Bacillus coagulans Bacillus globigii Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus natto Bacillus subtilis Bacillus sphaericus Bacillus thuringiensis etc. ... See also: Other events of 1883 List of years in science . ... Kochs postulates (or Henle-Koch postulates) are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease. ... Emil Adolf von Behring was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize in physiology or Medicine, for his work on the treatment of diphtheria. ... See also: Other events of 1905 List of years in science . ...

Deaths

• July 25 - Charles Macintosh (b. 1766), inventor of a waterproof fabric.
• September 19 - Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis (b. 1792), mathematician and discoverer of the Coriolis effect.