Year 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). 1854 is a railroad operations and share trading board game in the 18XX series, published by both Lonny Orgler in 2002 and Deep Thought Games, LLC in 2005. ... These pages contain the trends of millennia and centuries. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... This is a list of decades which have articles with more information about them. ... Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827). ... // Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday Evolutionary theorist Charles Darwins expedition on the HMS Beagle. ... // First use of general anesthesia in an operation, by Crawford Long The first electrical telegraph sent by Samuel Morse on May 24, 1844 from Baltimore to Washington, D.C.. First signing of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) on February 6, 1840 at Waitangi, Northland New Zealand. ... // Production of steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Railroads begin to supplant canals in the United States as a primary means of transporting goods. ... // The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was built in the six year period between 1863 and 1869. ... // The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... // Development and commercial production of electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered automobile by Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler and Maybach First commercial production and sales of phonographs and phonograph recordings. ... This page indexes the individual years pages. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 in archaeology // [edit] Explorations Dr. Karl Scherzer examines and writes description of Quiriguá [edit] Excavations [edit] Publications [edit] Finds [edit] Awards [edit] Miscellaneous [edit] Births [edit] Deaths Frederick Catherwood [edit] See also List of years in archaeology 1853 in archaeology 1855 in archaeology Categories: | ... See also: 1853 in architecture, other events of 1854, 1855 in architecture and the architecture timeline. ... See also: 1853 in art, other events of 1854, 1855 in art, list of years in art. ... See also: 1853 in literature, other events of 1854, 1855 in literature, list of years in literature. ... // Julia Ward Howes Passion Flowers R. D. Blackmores Poems by Melanter Coventry Patmores The Angel in the House, Part I Alfred Tennysons Charge of the Light Brigade published in The Examiner on Dec. ... See also: 1853 in music, other events of 1854, 1855 in music and the list of years in music. Events None listed Published popular music Hard Times Come Again No More Stephen Foster (I Dream of) Jeanie With the Light Brown Hair Stephen Foster Maggie by My Side Stephen Foster... See also: Other events of 1854 List of years in science . ... This article will list events related to rail transport that occurred in 1854. ... 1853 state leaders - Events of 1854 - 1855 state leaders - State leaders by year See also: List of religious leaders in 1854 List of international organization leaders in 1854 List of colonial governors in 1854 // Africa Ashanti Confederacy - Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834-1867) Buganda - Suna II, King of Buganda... 1853 colonial governors - Events of 1854 - 1855 colonial governors - Colonial governors by year See also: List of state leaders in 1854 List of religious leaders in 1854 List of international organization leaders in 1854 Portugal Angola - Miguel Ximenes Rodrigues Sandoval de Castro e Viegas, Governor-General of Angola (1853-1854... Roman numerals are a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. ... This is the calendar for any common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A), in other words, a common year where Doomsday is Tuesday. ... For the calendar of religious holidays and periods, see liturgical year. ... This is the calendar for a common year starting on Friday (dominical letter C), e. ... The Julian calendar was a reform of the Roman calendar which was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). ...

Events of 1854

January - June

• January 21 - Loss of the RMS Tayleur - 380 drowned, later dubbed "the first Titanic".
• January 3 - Charles Dickens commences writing the novel Hard Times
• February 11 - Major streets lit by coal gas for first time.
• February 13 - Mexican troops force William Walker and his troops to retreat to Sonora.
• February 14 - Texas is linked by telegraph with the rest of the United States, when a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas is completed.
• February 17 - The British recognize the independence of the Orange Free State. The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared six days later.
• February 27 - Britain sends Russia an ultimatum to withdraw from two Ottoman provinces it had conquered, Moldavia and Wallachia.
• March 1 - German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears, two years later his remains are found in the canal near Charlottenburg.
• March 3 - Australia's first telegraph line, linking Melbourne and Williamstown, opens.
• March 11- Royal Navy fleet sails from Britain under Vice Admiral Sir Charles Napier.
• March 20 - The Boston Public Library opens to the public.
• March 27 - United Kingdom declares war on Russia - Crimean War begins.
• March 28 - France declares war on Russia.
• March 31 - Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy, signs the Treaty/Convention of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, to be precise, Tokugawa Shogunate, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade. (See History of Japan)
• April 1 - Hard Times begins serialisation in Charles Dickens' magazine, Household Words.
• May 18 - Foundation of the Catholic University of Ireland, the forerunner of University College Dublin.
• May 27 - Taiping Rebellion: United States minister Robert McLane arrives at the Heavenly Capital aboard the USS Susquehanna.
• May 30 - Kansas-Nebraska Act becomes law, rescinding the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and creating Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory. Provision that settlers will vote on slavery in the new territories leads to Bleeding Kansas violence beginning the next year.
• June - The Grand Excursion takes prominent Eastern United States inhabitants from Chicago, Illinois to Rock Island, Illinois by railroad, then up the Mississippi River to St. Paul, Minnesota by steamboat.
• June 10 - The first class of the United States Naval Academy graduate at Annapolis, Maryland.
• June 21 - In the battle at Bomarsund in Åland, Royal Navy mate Charles D. Lucas throws a live Russian artillery shell overboard by hand before it explodes - the incident is the first that will be retroactively awarded the Victoria Cross in 1857.

is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The RMS Tayleur was a fully-rigged iron clipper chartered by the White Star Line and her fate would be a black mark on that company for years to come. ... For other uses, see Titanic (disambiguation). ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Dickens redirects here. ... Hard Times is a novel by Charles Dickens, first published in 1854. ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Syngas (from synthesis gas) is the name given to gasses of varying composition that are generated in coal gasification and some types of waste-to-energy facilities. ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... William Walker William Walker (May 8, 1824 – September 12, 1860) was a U.S. physician, lawyer, journalist, adventurer, and soldier of fortune who attempted to conquer several Latin American countries in the mid-19th century. ... Sonora is a state in northwestern Mexico, bordering the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south, and Baja California to the northwest. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... Telegraph and Telegram redirect here. ... NOLA redirects here. ... Marshall is a major city of the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Texas. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Flag of the Orange Free State Capital Bloemfontein Language(s) Afrikaans, English Religion Dutch Reformed Church Government Republic President  - 1854 - 1855 Josias P. Hoffman  - 1855 - 1859 Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff  - 1859 - 1863 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (also President of the South African Republic from 1857 to 1871). ... Flag of the Orange Free State Capital Bloemfontein Language(s) Afrikaans, English Religion Dutch Reformed Church Government Republic President  - 1854 - 1855 Josias P. Hoffman  - 1855 - 1859 Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff  - 1859 - 1863 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (also President of the South African Republic from 1857 to 1871). ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) Ä°stanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320... For other uses of Moldavia or Moldova, see Moldova (disambiguation). ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A psychologist is an expert in psychology, the systematic investigation of the human body, including behavior, cognition, and affect. ... Friedrich Eduard Beneke (February 17, 1798 - 1854), was a German psychologist. ... Location of Charlottenburg in Berlin Charlottenburg palace Charlottenburg is an area of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. ... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre (also known as The CBD). ... Royal Yacht Club of Victoria, Williamstown Nelson Place, a popular street to visit in Williamstown consisting of many cafés. ... is the 70th day of the year (71st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... Vice Admiral is a naval rank of three star level, equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority. ... Look up sir in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Admiral Sir Charles Napier (print, c. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Boston Public Librarys McKim building The Boston Public Library was established in 1848. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Commodore is a rank of the United States Navy with a somewhat complicated history. ... Matthew Calbraith Perry (1794-1858). ... USN redirects here. ... On March 31, 1854, the Convention of Kanagawa (Japanese:神奈川条約,or 日米和親条約) was used by Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy to force the opening of the Japanese ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and ended Japans 200 year policy of seclusion. ... On March 31, 1854, the Convention of Kanagawa (Japanese: 神奈川条約, Kanagawa Jōyaku, or 日米和親条約, Nichibei Washin Jōyaku) was used by Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy to force the opening of the Japanese ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and ended Japans 200 year policy... The Tokugawa shogunate or Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府) (also known as the Edo bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family until 1868. ... Categories: Japan geography stubs | Cities in Shizuoka Prefecture ... View of Hakodate from Mountain Hakodate (函館市; -shi) is a city and port located in Oshima, Hokkaido, Japan. ... Japanese history includes alternating periods of long isolation and radical, often revolutionary influences from the outside world. ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Hard Times is a novel by Charles Dickens, first published in 1854. ... Dickens redirects here. ... Front cover of volume XI Household Words was a weekly magazine edited by Charles Dickens which took its name from the line from Shakespeare Familiar in his mouth as household words—Henry V. It was published between 1850 and 1859. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Catholic University of Ireland was created as a Roman Catholic university in Dublin, Ireland and was founded in 1851 in response to the Queens University of Ireland and its associated colleges which were considered godless colleges. On May 18 1854 the Catholic University of Ireland was formally established... University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin - more commonly University College Dublin (UCD) - is Irelands largest university, with over 20,000 students. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Qing Empire United Kingdom France (United Kingdom and France join the war later) Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Commanders Xianfeng Emperor Tongzhi Emperor Empress Dowager Cixi Charles George Gordon Frederick Townsend Ward Hong Xiuquan Yang Xiuqing Xiao Chaogui Feng Yunshan Wei Changhui Shi Dakai Li Xiucheng Strength 2,000,000-5... A Minister is a true diplomat (not merely consular) accredited by one sovereign state to another who ranks below an ambassador. ... Categories: People stubs | 1815 births | 1898 deaths | Governors of Maryland ... USS Susquehanna, a sidewheel steamer, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for a river which rises in Lake Otsego in central New York and flows across Pennsylvania and the northeast corner of Maryland to empty into the Chesapeake Bay. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This 1856 map shows slave states (grey), free states (red), and US territories (green) with Kansas in center (white). ... The United States in 1820. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... map of Kansas Territory Kansas Territory was an organized territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854 to January 29, 1861, when Kansas became the 34th U.S. state admitted to the Union. ... Nebraska Territory was a historic, organized territory of the United States from May 30, 1854 until March 1, 1867 when Nebraska became the 37th U.S. state. ... Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in history as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a series of violent events, involving Free-Staters (anti-slavery) and pro-slavery Border Ruffian elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri... The Spirt of Peoria on the 2004 Grand Excursion The Grand Excursion was a voyage by train and steamboat into the Upper Mississippi River valley that first took place in June of 1854. ... Red shows states east of the Mississippi River, pink shows states not fully eastern or western The U.S. Eastern states are the states east of the Mississippi River. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... Rock Island is a city in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States. ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ... State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ... For other uses, see Steamboat (disambiguation). ... is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland . ... Annapolis redirects here. ... is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Bomarsund is a 19th century fortress in Sund on the Ã…land Islands in the Baltic Sea. ... “Aland” redirects here. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Victoria Cross (disambiguation). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

July - December

• July 6 - In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the U.S. Republican Party is held.
• August 16 - Russian troops in the island of Bomarsund in Åland surrender to French-British troops.
• September 20 - Crimean War: At the Alma, the French-British alliance wins the first battle of the war.
• October 1 - The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury, Massachusetts by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham to become the Waltham Watch Company, pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.
• October 6 - The great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead is ignited by a spectacular explosion
• October 17 - Newspaper The Age is founded in Melbourne, Australia.
• October 21 - Florence Nightingale leaves for Crimea with 38 other nurses.
• October 25 - Crimean War: The Battle of Balaclava occurs, overall a victory for the allies, but it included the disastrous cavalry Charge of the Light Brigade, from which only 200 of 700 men survive.
• November 5 - Crimean War: Russians lose at the Battle of Inkerman.
• November 17 - In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
• November 28 - Eureka Stockade; Miner's Rebellion in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.
• December 8 - Pope Pius IX in the Papal Bull Ineffabilis Deus defines ex Cathedra the dogma of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin.

is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Location of Jackson within Jackson County, Michigan Country United States State Michigan County Jackson Government  - Mayor Jerry Ludwig Area  - City  11. ... The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Bomarsund is a 19th century fortress in Sund on the Ã…land Islands in the Baltic Sea. ... “Aland” redirects here. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... Combatants French Empire United Kingdom Ottoman Empire Russian Empire Commanders Jacques St. ... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Roxbury is a neighborhood within Boston, Massachusetts USA. It was one of the first towns founded in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 and became a city in 1846 until it was annexed to Boston on January 5, 1868. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Aaron Lufkin Dennison (March 6, 1812- January 9, 1895) was an American watchmaker born in Freeport, Maine. ... One of the early centers of the Industrial Revolution in northern America, Waltham is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... The American Waltham Watch Company produced about 40 million high quality watches, clocks, speedometers, compasses, time fuses and other precision instruments between 1850 and 1950. ... Aaron Lufkin Dennison was inspired by the manufacturing techniques of the United States Armory at Springfield, Mass. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Illustration of the great fire, as seen from the High Level Bridge The Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead was a tragic and spectacular series of events starting on Friday 6 October 1854, in which a substantial amount of property in the two towns was destroyed in a series of... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre (also known as The CBD). ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Embley Park, now a school, was the family home of Florence Nightingale. ... Motto: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ñ†Ð²ÐµÑ‚ание в единстве(Russian) Protsvetanie v edinstve(transliteration) Prosperity in unity Anthem: ÐÐ¸Ð²Ñ‹ и горы твои волшебны, Родина(Russian) Nivy i gory tvoi volshebny, Rodina(transliteration) Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Location of Crimea (red) with respect to Ukraine (light blue). ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... Belligerents United Kingdom French Empire Ottoman Empire Russian Empire Commanders Lord Raglan, François Certain Canrobert Pavel Liprandi Strength Approx. ... For the poem about the charge, see The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem). ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... Combatants United Kingdom France Russia Commanders General Pierre Bosquet Lord Raglan General Aleksandr Menshikov Strength British: 8,500 and 38 guns French: 7,500 and 18 guns 31,000 infantry 4,000 cavalry 110 guns est. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... For other uses, see Suez (disambiguation). ... Mediterranean redirects here. ... Location of the Red Sea The Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Eureka Flag The Eureka Stockade was the setting of a gold miners revolt in 1854 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, against the officials supervising the mining of gold in the region. ... Ballarat is a city in regional Victoria, Australia, approximately 120 kilometres north-west of Melbourne, with a population of 84,000 people. ... VIC redirects here. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Pope Pius IX (May 13, 1792 – February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from his election in June 16, 1846, until his death more than 31 years later in 1878. ... Ineffabilis Deus (Latin for Ineffable God) is the name of an Apostolic constitution written by Pope Pius IX. It defines ex cathedra the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. ... For other senses of this word, see dogma (disambiguation). ... Mary, mother of Jesus as the Immaculate Conception. ... Our Lady redirects here. ... Original Sin redirects here. ...

Undated

Original map by Dr John Snow showing the clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854

. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (889x869, 248 KB)The original map drawn by Dr. John Snow (1813-1858), a British physician who is one of the founders of medical epidemiology, showing cases of cholera in the London epidemics of 1854, clustered around the locations of water... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (889x869, 248 KB)The original map drawn by Dr. John Snow (1813-1858), a British physician who is one of the founders of medical epidemiology, showing cases of cholera in the London epidemics of 1854, clustered around the locations of water... Dr. John Snow John Snow (16 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was a British physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. ... Look up cluster in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Distribution of cholera Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

• The Polyglotta Africana, an early classification of African languages based on field work under freed slaves in Freetown, Sierra Leone, is published by Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle.
• Ignacy Lukasiewicz drilled the world's first oil well in Poland in Bóbrka near Krosno.
• Frederick Augustus Albert succeeds to the throne of Saxony.
• Chemistry Professor Benjamin Silliman, of Yale University is the first to fractionate petroleum by distillation.
• Abraham Pineo Gesner invents a process for extracting kerosene from coal.
• Said Pasha succeeds his nephew Abbas as pasha of Egypt.
• A Russian fort is established at the present site of Almaty.
• Aurora, Ontario is first settled.
• The Ambrotype is introduced for photography.
• An epidemic of cholera in London kills 10,000. Dr John Snow traces the source of one outbreak (the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak that killed 500) to a single water pump, validating his theory that cholera is water-borne, and forming the starting point for epidemiology.
• The Iceland trade is opened to foreigners.
• The French fashion label Louis Vuitton is founded.

Polyglotta Africana is a study written by Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle in 1854 in which he compared about 120 African languages (according to todays classification). ... Map showing the distribution of African language families and some major African languages. ... For other places with the same name, see Freetown (disambiguation). ... Sigismund Wilhelm Kölle (14 July 1820, Cleebronn- 18 February 1902, London) was a German missionary, and pioneer scholar of African languages. ... Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (born March 8, 1822 - January 7, 1882) was the founder of the world petroleum industry. ... Krosno County (in Polish powiat krośnieński ) is a unit of territorial administration and local government in the Subcarpathian Voivodship in Poland, created on 1st January 1999 as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998. ... Albert of Saxony can refer to: Albert, King of Saxony Albert of Saxony (philosopher) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Location Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DED Capital Dresden Minister-President Georg Milbradt (CDU) Governing parties CDU / SPD Votes in Bundesrat 4 (from 69) Basic statistics Area  18,416 km² (7,110 sq mi) Population 4,252,000 (11/2006)[1]  - Density 231 /km... For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: [1]) varies. ... Benjamin Silliman. ... Yale redirects here. ... Petro redirects here. ... Laboratory distillation set-up: 1: Heat source 2: Still pot 3: Still head 4: Thermometer/Boiling point temperature 5: Condenser 6: Cooling water in 7: Cooling water out 8: Distillate/receiving flask 9: Vacuum/gas inlet 10: Still receiver 11: Heat control 12: Stirrer speed control 13: Stirrer/heat plate... Abraham Pineo Gesner, born May 2, 1797 in Cornwallis Township, Nova Scotia, Canada – died April 29, 1864 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, was a physician and geologist who became one of the primary founders of the petroleum industry . ... For other uses, see Kerosene (disambiguation). ... Coal Example chemical structure of coal Coal is a fossil fuel formed in ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... Said Pasha (born 1830) was a Turkish statesman, was at one time editor of the Turkish newspaper Jerid-i-Havadis. ... Abbas I (Arabic: عباس الأول ) (1913-1854), Pasha of Egypt, was a son of Tusun Pasha and grandson of Mehmet Ali, founder of the reigning dynasty of Egypt at the time. ... Map showing Almatys location in Kazakhstan Almaty Orthodox church Mosque Almaty (Алматы; formerly known as Alma-Ata, also Vernyj, Vyernyi (Верный) in Imperial Russia) is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of 1,185,900 (2004) (8% of the population of Kazakhstan) citizens. ... Motto: Youre in Good Company This map shows the location of Aurora, in relation to York Region. ... Many ambrotypes were made by unknown photographers, such as this American example of a small girl holding a flower, circa 1860. ... -1... Distribution of cholera Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Dr. John Snow John Snow (16 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was a British physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. ... This article is about a mechanical device. ... Distribution of cholera Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ... Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine. ... Louis vuitton was a great man he was born on fh 12 3845. ...

Ongoing events

• Crimean War (1854-1856)
• Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)

Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants Qing Empire United Kingdom France (United Kingdom and France join the war later) Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Commanders Xianfeng Emperor Tongzhi Emperor Empress Dowager Cixi Charles George Gordon Frederick Townsend Ward Hong Xiuquan Yang Xiuqing Xiao Chaogui Feng Yunshan Wei Changhui Shi Dakai Li Xiucheng Strength 2,000,000-5... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

Births

For the calendar of religious holidays and periods, see liturgical year. ... Ab urbe condita (related with Anno urbis conditae: AUC or a. ... The Armenian calendar uses the Armenian numerals. ... The Baháí calendar, also called the Badí‘ calendar, used by the Baháí Faith, is a solar calendar with regular years of 365 days, and leap years of 366 days. ... The Berber calendar is the annual calendar used by Berber people in North Africa. ... The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar (formerly Burma) in several related forms. ... This article or section uses Burmese characters which may be rendered incorrectly. ... The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar, incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with those of a solar calendar. ... The Chinese sexagenary cycle (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles, the ten Heavenly Stems (天干; tiāngān) and the twelve Earthly Branches (地支; dìzhÄ«). These have been traditionally used as a means of numbering days and years, not only in China... The Chinese sexagenary cycle (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles, the ten Heavenly Stems (天干; tiāngān) and the twelve Earthly Branches (地支; dìzhÄ«). These have been traditionally used as a means of numbering days and years, not only in China... The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church. ... The Ethiopian calendar (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ), also called the Geez calendar, is the principal calendar used in Ethiopia and is also the liturgical year of Christians in Eritrea belonging to the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church, Eastern Catholic Church of Eritrea and Lutheran (Evangelical Church of Eritrea), where it is commonly known... The Hebrew calendar (‎) or Jewish calendar is a lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious purposes. ... 5615 (Hebrew: התרטו , abbr. ... A page from the Hindu calendar 1871-72. ... It has been suggested that Bikram Samwat be merged into this article or section. ... The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. ... Kali Yuga is also the title of a book by Roland Charles Wagner. ... H.E. redirects here. ... The Iranian calendar (Persian: ), also known as Persian calendar or (mistakenly) the Jalāli Calendar is an astronomical solar calendar currently used in Iran and Afghanistan as the main official calendar. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: تقویم هجري قمری ‎ taqwÄ«m-e hejri-ye qamari; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate... Koinobori, flags decorated like koi, are popular decorations around Childrens Day This mural on the wall of a Tokyo subway station celebrates Hazuki, the eighth month. ... Kaei (嘉永) was a Japanese era after Kōka and before Ansei and spanned from February 28 (?), 1848 to November 27 (?), 1854. ... Ansei (安政) was a Japanese era after Kaei and before Manen and spanned from November 27 (?), 1854 to March 18 (?), 1860. ... The traditional Korean calendar is a lunisolar calendar which, like the traditional calendars of other East Asian countries, was based on the Chinese calendar. ... The Thai solar, or Suriyakati (สุริยคติ), calendar is used in traditional and official contexts in Thailand, although the Western calendar is sometimes used in business. ...

January - June

• January 18 - Thomas A. Watson, American telephone pioneer (d. 1934)
• February 17 - Friedrich Alfred Krupp, German industrialist (d. 1902)
• March 4 - Sir Napier Shaw, British meteorologist (d. 1945)
• March 8 - Ignacy Lukasiewicz, Polish pharmacist and inventor of the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil, creator of first oil lamp (d. 1882)
• March 10 - Sir Thomas MacKenzie, New Zealand Prime Minister and High Commissioner (d. 1930)
• March 14
  • Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1915)
  • Thomas R. Marshall, Vice President of the United States (d. 1925)
• March 15 - Emil Adolf von Behring, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1917)
• April 22 - Henri La Fontaine, Belgian lawyer and activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1943)
• April 29 - Henri Poincaré, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1912)
• May 11 - Albion Woodbury Small, American sociologist (d. 1926)
• May 24 - John Riley Banister, law officer, cowboy, and Texas Ranger (d. 1918)
• June 14- Dave Rudabaugh, outlaw and gunfighter (d. 1886)
• June 26 - Robert Laird Borden, eighth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1937)

is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thomas Augustus Watson (18 January 1854 - 13 December 1934) was an assistant to Alexander Graham Bell, notably in the invention of the telephone. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Krupp family, a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their steel production and for their manufacture of ammunition and armaments. ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sir Napier Shaw (March 4, 1854 - March 23, 1945), British meteorologist. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (born March 8, 1822 - January 7, 1882) was the founder of the world petroleum industry. ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 69th day of the year (70th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sir Thomas Mackenzie, (1854-1930) was Prime Minister of New Zealand in 1912, and later served as High Commissioner. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Paul Ehrlich Paul Ehrlich in his workroom Paul Ehrlich (March 14, 1854 – August 20, 1915) was a German scientist who won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. ... Emil Adolf von Behring was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on the treatment of diphtheria. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Thomas R. Marshall Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 – June 1, 1925) was an American politician who served as the twenty-eighth Vice President of the United States of America under Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1921. ... The Vice President of the United States[1] (sometimes referred to as VPOTUS,[2] Veep, or VP) is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Emil Adolf von Behring( March 15, 1854 – March 31, 1917) was born at Hansdorf, Eylau, Germany(as Emil Adolf Behring) . Between 1874 and 1878, he studied medicine at the Army Medical College in Berlin. ... Emil Adolf von Behring was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on the treatment of diphtheria. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Henri La Fontaine, (22 April 1854 – 14 May 1943) was a Belgian international lawyer and president of the International Peace Bureau from 1907 to 1943 who received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1913. ... The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Danish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jules Henri Poincaré (April 29, 1854 – July 17, 1912) (IPA: [1]) was one of Frances greatest mathematicians and theoretical physicists, and a philosopher of science. ... Year 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Albion Woodbury Small (May 11, 1854 - 1926) founded the first Department of Sociology in the USA at the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois in 1892. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... John Riley Banister (1854 - 1918) was a law officer, cowboy and Texas Ranger. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... David Rudabaugh (June 14, 1854 – February 18, 1886), better known as Dirty Dave for his personal hygiene habits, was an outlaw and gunfighter in the old west. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Right Honourable Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC , KC , GCMG , DCL , LL.D (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911, to July 10, 1920, and the third Nova Scotian to hold this office. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the Minister of the Crown who is head of the Government of Canada. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

July - December

• July 3 - Leoš Janáček, Czech composer (d. 1928)
• July 7 - Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov, Russian poet, scientist and revolutionary (d.1946)
• July 12 - George Eastman, American inventor (d. 1932)
• July 27 - Takahashi Korekiyo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936)
• August 2 - Milan I, King of Serbia (d. 1901)
• August 23 - Moritz Moszkowski, Polish/German composer (d. 1918)
• September 1 - Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (d. 1921)
• September 6 - Georges Picquart, French general and Minister of War (d. 1914)
• October 16
  • Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (d. 1900)
  • Karl Kautsky, Marxist theoretician (d. 1938)
• October 26 - C. W. Post, American cereal manufacturer (d. 1914)
• October 20 - Arthur Rimbaud, French poet (d. 1891)
• November 5 -