IJA 18th Division (第18師団, Dai-ju-hachi Shidan^?) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Chrysanthemum Division (菊兵団, Kikuhei-dan^?). Bold Bold texttext,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvMedia:Example. ... The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) (KyÅ«jitai: 大日本帝國陸軍, Shinjitai: , Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun), or more officially Army of the Greater Japanese Empire was the official ground based armed force of Imperial Japan from 1867 to 1945. ...

History

The 18th Division was formed in Kurume, Kyūshū on 13 November 1907, together with the 17th Division, as part of the post Russo-Japanese War expansion of the standing Japanese military. In World War I it was strengthened by an additional infantry regiment (the 29th) and given an independent command in the siege of the German colony of Tsingtao in the Shandong peninsula, China. Abolished at the end of World War I, it was revived for participation in the Siberian Intervention. Kurume (久留米市; -shi) is a city located in Fukuoka, Japan. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Combatants Russian Empire Principality of Montenegro [1] Empire of Japan Commanders Emperor Nicholas II Aleksey Kuropatkin Stepan Makarov â€  Emperor Meiji Oyama Iwao Heihachiro Togo The Russo–Japanese War (Japanese: Nichi-Ro Sensō, Russian: Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna, Chinese: RìézhànzhÄ“ng, February 10, 1904–September 5, 1905) was a conflict... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Tsigntao can refer to Tsingtao (beer) Qingdao, Shandong, China This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Location of the Shandong Peninsula. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The Siberian Intervention ) of 1918–1922 was the dispatch of troops of the Imperial Japanese Army to the Russian Maritime Provinces as part of a larger effort by western powers to support White Russian forces against the Bolshevik Red Army in the Russian Civil War. ...

However, in 1925, it was again dissolved as one of the four divisions cancelled by Minister of War Ugaki Kazushige as part of a cost saving measure during the Kato Takaaki administration. Ugaki Kazushige (宇垣 一成; August 21, 1868, Okayama prefecture, Japan - 30 April 1956, Tokyo) was a Japanese general. ... Kato Takaaki Katō Takaaki (加藤 高明 January 3, 1860–January 28, 1926) was a Japanese politician and the 24th Prime Minister of Japan from June 11, 1924 to January 28, 1926. ...

The 18th Division was resurrected in September 1937, and assigned to the 10th Army with the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War. It took part in the Battle of Shanghai. As part of the China Expeditionary Army, it participated in the Battle of Nanjing (and subsequent Nanjing Massacre), and various campaigns throughout China, cumulating in the Canton Operation of 1938. Belligerents China United States1 Empire of Japan Collaborationist Chinese Army2 Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren, Xue Yue, Bai Chongxi, Peng Dehuai, Joseph Stilwell, Claire Chennault, Albert Wedemeyer Hirohito, Fumimaro Konoe, Hideki Tojo, Kotohito Kanin, Matsui Iwane, Hajime Sugiyama, Shunroku Hata, Toshizo Nishio... Combatants National Revolutionary Army, Republic of China Imperial Japanese Army, Empire of Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng Heisuke Yanagawa, Iwane Matsui, Hasegawa Kiyoshi Strength 600,000 troops in 75 divisions and 9 brigades, 200 airplanes 300,000 troops in 8 divisions and 6 brigades, 500 airplanes, 300 tanks... The Japanese China Expeditionary Army of the Imperial Japanese Army, was formed in 1937 as an offshoot of the Kwangtung Army. ... Combatants China, National Revolutionary Army Japan, Central China Theater Army Commanders Tang Shengzhi Matsui Iwane Strength 100,000 men 8 divisions Casualties ~50,000 military personnel, ~300,000 civilians minimal The Battle of Nanjing (Traditional Chinese: 南京保衛戰; Simplified Chinese: 南京保卫战; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Nan-ching Pao-wei Chan) began after the... The Nanking Massacre (Chinese: 南京大屠殺, pinyin: Nánjīng Dàtúshā; Japanese: 南京大虐殺, Nankin Daigyakusatsu), also known as the Rape of Nanking and sometimes in Japan as the Nanking Incident (南京事件, Nankin Jiken), refers to what many historians recognize as widespread atrocities committed by the Japanese army in and around Nanking (now Nanjing... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

In 1941 the division was under the command of Lieutenant-General Renya Mutaguchi. It was re-assigned to the 25th Army (which was under the command of General Yamashita Tomoyuki). It participated in the invasion of Malaya and Singapore. Afterwards, it was transferred to the Japanese 15th Army and the Burma front, were it suffered over 3000 casualties from food poisoning and malaria. (1888-1966) Lieutenant-General Renya Mutaguchi Commanded the 18th Division in south China and in the World War II Campaigns in Malaya, Philippines and Burma. ... General Tomoyuki Yamashita (山下 奉文 Yamashita Tomoyuki) (November 8, 1885 - February 23, 1946) was a general of the Japanese Army during the WWII era. ... Map of Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia (Malay: Semenanjung Malaysia) is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula, and shares a land border with Thailand in the north. ... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. ...

Late in 1943, Mutaguchi was promoted, and replaced in command of the division by Lieutenant-General Shinichi Tanaka. Transferred to the 33rd Army, and operations in northern Burma, 18th Division fought against the American-led Chinese divisions advancing on Mogaung and Myitkyina, and against the British Chindits operating behind their lines. Although sufferering heavy losses, the division nevertheless inflicted many casualties and imposed severe delays on the Allies. Mogaung is a town in northeast Kachin State in Myanmar. ... Myitkyina is a city, and the capital of Kachin State in Myanmar, located 919miles from Yangon, or 487 miles from Mandalay. ... The Chindits (Officially in 1942 77th Indian Infantry Brigade and in 1943 Indian 3rd Infantry Division) were a British Indian Army Special Force that served in Burma and India from 1942 until 1945 during the Burma Campaign in World War II. They were formed into long range penetration groups trained...

In the aftermath of the disastrous invasion of India in 1944, Lieutenant-General Tanaka exchanged appointments with Lieutenant-General Eitaro Naka, formerly Chief of Staff at Burma Area Army. In the 1945 campaigning season, the division once again lost many thousands of men in the Battle of Central Burma, particularly at the Battle of Meiktila south of Mandalay. It ended the war in southern Burma. Burma Area Army was a Japanese army organized 18 March 1943 to unify the command of the 15th and 28th Armies in Burma. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Battle of Meiktila. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Battle of Meiktila / Mandalay. ... This article is about the city in Myanmar. ...

Of the 31,444 men sent to Burma, more than 20,000 did not make it home to Japan.

Organization

The original Order of Battle of the 18th Division included: An order of battle (often abbreviated as ORBAT, OOB, or OB) is an organizational tool used by military intelligence to list and analyze enemy military units. ...

• 55th Infantry Regiment (Omura)
• 56th Infantry Regiment (Kurume)
• 114th Infantry Regiment (Fukuoka)
• 13th Rapid Response Battalion
• 21st Heavy Field Artillery Battalion
• 18th Mountain Artillery Regiment
• 12th Construction Regiment
• 12th Transport Regiment.

Reorganized as a square division in World War I, at the time of the Battle of Tsingtao, in 1914 it had a strength of 23,000 men. It was commanded by Lieutenant-General Mitsuomi Kamio, its 23rd Infantry Brigade by Major General Yamada and its 24th Infantry Brigade by Major General Horinehi. Ōmura (大村市; -shi) is a city located in Nagasaki, Japan. ... Kurume (久留米市; -shi) is a city located in Fukuoka, Japan. ... Fukuoka can refer to several locations in Japan: Fukuoka Prefecture (福岡県) Fukuoka, Fukuoka (福岡市), a city in Fukuoka Prefecture Fukuoka-Kitakyushu metropolitan area Fukuoka, Toyama (福岡町), a town in Toyama Prefecture Fukuoka, Gifu (福岡町), a town in Gifu Prefecture Fukuoka Castle (福岡城), Edo age castle on Fukuzaki Hill in Fukuoka City Fukuoka POW Camp, a... A square division is a designation given to the way divisions are organized. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The Battle of Tsingtao was the attack on the German-controlled port of Tsingtao (now Qingdao) in China during World War I. It too took place between 27 August-7 November 1914 and was fought by Japan and the United Kingdom against Germany. ...

18th Division

• 23rd Infantry Brigade
  • 46th Infantry Regiment
  • 55th Infantry Regiment
• 24th Infantry Brigade
  • 48th Infantry Regiment
  • 56th Infantry Regiment
• 22nd Cavalry Regiment
• 24th Field Artillery Regiment
• 18th Engineer Battalion

It was reformed in 1937 as a square division for the Second Sino-Japanese War. Belligerents China United States1 Empire of Japan Collaborationist Chinese Army2 Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren, Xue Yue, Bai Chongxi, Peng Dehuai, Joseph Stilwell, Claire Chennault, Albert Wedemeyer Hirohito, Fumimaro Konoe, Hideki Tojo, Kotohito Kanin, Matsui Iwane, Hajime Sugiyama, Shunroku Hata, Toshizo Nishio...

18th Division

• 23rd Infantry Brigade
  • 55th Infantry Regiment
  • 56th Infantry Regiment
• 35th Infantry Brigade
  • 114th Infantry Regiment
  • 124th Infantry Regiment
• 18th Mountain Artillery Regiment
• 22nd Cavalry Battalion
• 12th Engineer Regiment
• 12th Transport Regiment

See also

• List of Japanese Infantry Divisions

List of Japanese Infantry divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army. ...

Reference and further reading

• Madej, W. Victor, Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937-1945 [2 vols], Allentown, PA: 1981
• Jon Latimer, Burma: The Forgotten War, London: John Murray, 2004 ISBN 0-7195-6576-6
• Tsingtao Campaign by Colin Denis (cdenis@goldengate.net)