See also: 1922 in Canada, 1924 in Canada and the list of 'years in Canada'.

Incumbents

• Prime Minister - William Lyon Mackenzie King
• Governor General - Viscount Byng

• Premier of Alberta - Herbert Greenfield
• Premier of British Columbia - John Oliver
• Premier of Manitoba - John Bracken
• Premier of New Brunswick - Walter Foster then Peter Veniot
• Premier of Nova Scotia - George H. Murray then Ernest Armstrong
• Premier of Ontario - Ernest C. Drury then Howard Ferguson
• Premier of Prince Edward Island - J.H. Bell then James D. Stewart
• Premier of Quebec - Alexandre Taschereau
• Premier of Saskatchewan - C.A. Dunning

Events

• January 1 - The Department of National Defence comes into being
• January 24 - Ernest Armstrong becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing George H. Murray, who had governed for 27 years
• February 28 - Peter Veniot becomes premier of New Brunswick, replacing Walter Foster
• March 2 - The Halibut Treaty signed with the United States is Canada's first international treaty not signed under the auspices of the United Kingdom
• March 14 - World's first complete play-by-play radio broadcast of a professional hockey game is done by Pete Parker in Regina.
• March 22 - Foster Hewitt announces his first hockey game
• June 25 - Ontario election: Howard Ferguson's Conservatives win a majority, defeating Ernest Drury's United Farmers of Ontario
• July 1 - The Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 came into effect, banning all Chinese from entering Canada except for businessmen, diplomats, foreign students, and "special circumstances"
• July 16 - Howard Ferguson becomes premier of Ontario, replacing Ernest Drury
• August 17 - The Home Bank of Montreal fails
• October 8 - A longshoreman's stike beigns in Vancouver
• October 25 - Frederick Banting and John Macleod win the Nobel Prize for Medicine for the discovery of insulin
• September 5 - James D. Stewart becomes premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing J.H. Bell
• Canadian National Railway is formed by merger of Canadian Government Railways, Canadian Northern Railway, Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, and Grand Trunk Railway.
• Marijuana is made illegal in Canada

Arts and literature

New books

• Rilla of Ingleside Lucy Maud Montgomery

Births

• January 1 - Roméo Sabourin, war hero
• March 1 - Uno Helava, inventor
• March 2 - Ghitta Caiserman-Roth, painter
• March 4 - Stanley Haidasz, politician
• March 10 - Richard Doyle, newspaper editor
• March 15 - Laurent Desjardins, Manitoba politician
• March 19 - Henry Morgentaler, abortion activist
• March 30 - Milton Acorn, poet
• April 7 - Aba Bayefsky, artist
• April 16 - Samuel Nathan Cohen, critic
• April 25 - Melissa Hayden, dancer
• May 5 - John Black Aird, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
• May 18 - Jean-Louis Roux, actor
• July 21 - Rudolph A. Marcus, Nobel laureate
• July 31 - Victor Goldbloom, Quebec politician
• August 3 - Robert Campeau, businessman
• August 6 - Paul T. Hellyer, politician
• August 21 - Robert Stewart, scientist
• September 1 - Kenneth Thomson, businessman
• September 2 - David Lam, Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia
• September 18 - Bertha Wilson, Supreme Court Justice
• October 7 - Jean-Paul Riopelle, painter
• October 23 - Réjane L. Colas, jurist
• November 1 - Gordon R. Dickson, author
• November 2 - Harold Horwood, writer
• November 22 - Arthur Hiller, film director
• Kildare Dobbs, writer

Deaths

• October 30 - Andrew Bonar Law, British prime minister
• December 5 - Sir William Mackenzie, railway entrepreneur