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In the summer of 1929, a long-running dispute between Muslims and Jews over access to the Western Wall in Jerusalem became steadily more violent, and erupted in a series of demonstrations and riots in late August. During the week of riots, 133 Jews were killed and 339 wounded (mostly by Arabs); 116 Arabs were killed and 232 wounded (mostly by British-commanded police and soldiers).[1] Combatants Arab nations Israel Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict · Israel-Lebanon conflict · Arab League · Soviet Union / Russia · Israel and the United...
This article describes violent events in the Old City of Jerusalem from April 4-7, 1920. ...
On May 1, 1921, a scuffle began in Tel Aviv-Jaffa between rival groups of Jewish Bolsheviks, carrying Yiddish banners demanding Soviet Palestine, and Socialists parading on May Day. ...
The Great Uprising, Great Revolt, or Great Arab Revolt was an uprising by Palestinian Arabs in the British Mandate of Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939. ...
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War is referred to as the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמ×ות) or as the War of Liberation (Hebrew: מלחמת השחרור) by Israelis. ...
Combatants United Kingdom, Israel, France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan (CoS of the IDF) General Sir Charles Keightley (C-in-C), Vice-Admiral Pierre Barjot (Deputy) Gamal Abdel Nasser Strength 45,000 British, 34,000 French, 175,000 Israeli 300,000 Egyptians Casualties 177 Israelis KIA, unknown number WIA, 16 British...
Combatants Israel Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 50,000 troops (264,000 including mobilized reservists); 197 combat aircraft Egypt 150,000 troops; Syria 75,000; Jordan 55...
The War of Attrition was a limited war fought between Egypt and Israel from 1968 to 1970. ...
Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan David Elazar Ariel Sharon Shmuel Gonen Benjamin Peled Saad El Shazly Ahmad Ismail Ali Hosni Mubarak Mohammed Aly Fahmy Anwar Sadat Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy Abdul Munim Wassel Abd-Al-Minaam Khaleel Abu Zikry Mustafa Tlass[2], [3] Strength 415,000...
Combatants Israel Amal Hezbollah PLO Commanders Menachem Begin Ayatollah Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah Imad Mughniyah Yasser Arafat Strength 76,000 15,000 Casualties 675 9,800 The Lebanon War (Hebrew: , Milkhemet Levanon), also known as the Operation Peace of the Galilee (מבצע ×©×œ×•× ×”×’×œ×™×œ, Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil in Hebrew), began June 6, 1982, when...
Combatants Hezbollah Israel South Lebanon Army Casualties 1283 1200 Israeli soldiers During the 1982-2000 South Lebanon conflict Hezbollah waged a guerrilla campaign against Israeli forces occupying Southern Lebanon. ...
Intifada A poster from 1990 The First Intifada refers to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis between 1987 and approximately 1993, when the Oslo accords were signed and the Palestinian National Authority was established. ...
Combatants UN Coalition Republic of Iraq Commanders Norman Schwarzkopf, Sir Patrick Hine, Michel Roquejeoffre Saddam Hussein, Ali Hassan al-Majid, Hussein Kamel Strength 660,000 545,000 Casualties 345 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 - 100,000 dead, 100,000 - 300,000 wounded The 1991 Gulf War (also called the...
The wreckage of a commuter bus in West Jerusalem after a suicide bombing on Tuesday, 18 June 2002. ...
Combatants Hezbollah Israel Commanders Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General) Dan Halutz (CoS), Moshe Kaplinsky[6], Udi Adam (Regional) Strength 600-1,000 fighters 3,000-5,000 available 10,000 reservist [3] 30,000 ground troops (plus IAF & ISC) [7] Casualties Hezbollah militia: 74 dead confirmed by Hezbollah [4] 440 dead...
1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ...
Western Wall by night Wailing Wall redirects here. ...
Jerusalem (Hebrew: , Yerushaláyim or Yerushalaim; Arabic: , al-Quds; official Arabic in Israel: أورشليم القدس, Urshalim-Al-Quds) is Israels capital, most populous, [1] and largest city, with a population of 724,000 (as of May 24, 2006 [2]) contained in 123 km². An ancient Middle Eastern city on the watershed...
The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ...
The Hebron massacre refers to the killing of many Orthodox Jews in Hebron in the course of these riots. Hebron (Arabic al-Ḫalīl; Hebrew , Standard Hebrew Ḥevron, Tiberian Hebrew Ḥeḇrôn: derived from the word friend; ) is a town in the Southern Judea region of the West Bank. ...
Sequence of events
In September 1928, Jews at their Yom Kippur prayers at the Western Wall placed chairs as customary screens between the men and women present. This was described as violating the Ottoman status quo that forbade Jews from making any 'construction' in the Western Wall area. Haj Amin al Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem, distributed leaflets to Arabs in Palestine and throughout the Arab world which claimed that the Jews were planning to take over the Al Aqsa mosque, and that action must be taken to stop them. 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Yom Kippur (×™×•× ×›×™×¤×•×¨ yom kippÅ«r) is the Jewish holiday of the Day of Atonement. ...
Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah...
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Mohammad Amin al-Husayni Mohammad Amin al-Husayni (ca. ...
A Mufti (Arabic: Ù…Ùتى ) is an Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law (Sharia), capable of issuing fataawa (plural of fatwa). // Role of a Mufti in governments In theocracies like Saudi Arabia and Iran, and in some countries where the constitution is based on sharia law, such...
Palestine (Hebrew: , Palestina; Arabic: ‎ Filastīn or Falastīn) is one of several names for the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the banks of the Jordan River with various adjoining lands. ...
The Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem is not to be confused with the Dome of the Rock The Al-Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى, Masjid Al-Aqsa, literally farthest mosque) is part of the complex of religious buildings in Jerusalem known as either the Majed Mount or Al-Haram ash...
On 15 August, 1929 (during the Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av) several hundred members of Betar, the youth organisation of Vladimir Jabotinsky's Revisionist Zionism movement, under the leadership of Jeremiah Halpern, assembled at the Wall shouting "the Wall is ours". They raised the Jewish national flag and sang the Hatikvah, the Zionist anthem. The authorities had been notified of the march in advance and provided a heavy police escort in a bid to prevent any incidents. Rumours spread that the youths had attacked local residents and had cursed the name of the Prophet.[2][3][4] On Friday, August 16 after an inflammatory sermon, a demonstration organized by the Supreme Muslim Council marched to the Wall and proceeded to burn prayer books[citation needed] and supplicatory notes left in the Wall's cracks. Responding to the Jewish protests, acting High Commissioner Harry Luke answered that "no prayer books had been burnt but only pages of prayer books." The riots continued, and the next day one Jew was killed in the Bukharan Quarter. His funeral was turned into a political demonstration. August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ...
Tisha BAv (תשעה ב×ב tish‘Äh bÉ™-Äḇ) is a major annual fast day in Judaism. ...
Betars emblem (semel) The Betar Movement (ביתר, also spelled Beitar) is a revisionist Zionist youth movement founded in 1923 in Riga, Latvia, by Zeev Jabotinsky. ...
Zeev Jabotinsky in military uniform Zeev Vladimir (Evgenevich) Jabotinsky (or Zhabotinski) (October 18, 1880 - August 4, 1940) was a Zionist leader, author, orator, and founder of the Jewish Legion in World War I. During World War II a similar and larger unit known as the Jewish Brigade would follow. ...
Revisionist Zionism is a right wing tendency within the Zionist movement. ...
Hatikvah or Hatikva (Hebrew: התקווה, The Hope) is the national anthem of Israel. ...
August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ...
The Supreme Muslim Council (SMC) was the highest body in charge of Muslim community affairs in Palestine under British control. ...
Sir Harry Charles Luke (1884-1969) was the Colonial Secretary in Sierra Leone. ...
Bukharan Jews (Bukhoran Jews, Bukharian Jews) is a blanket term for Jews from Central Asia who speak a dialect of the Tajik language. ...
Hebron massacre -
On August 20, Haganah leaders proposed to provide defense for 600 Jews of the Old Yishuv in Hebron, or to help them evacuate. However, the leaders of the anti-Zionist community declined these offers, insisting that they trusted the A'yan (Arab notables) to protect them. The next Friday, 23 August, Arabs, inflamed by rumors that two Arabs had been killed by Jews, started an attack on Jews in the Old City. The violence quickly spread to other parts of Palestine. Throughout Palestine, British authorities had only 292 policemen, fewer than 100 soldiers, six armored cars, and five or six aircraft. While a number of Jews were being killed at the Jaffa Gate, British policemen did not open fire[citation needed]. By August 24, 17 Jews were killed in the Jerusalem area. The worst killings occurred in Hebron and Safed. In Hebron, Arab mobs killed 65-68 Jews[5], wounded 58, and raped women. The lone British policeman in the town, Raymond Cafferata, was overwhelmed, and the reinforcements he called for did not arrive for 5 hours (leading to bitter recriminations). Many Jews survived by hiding in their Arab neighbors' houses and were later evacuated from to Jerusalem. The other major centers of violence were in Safed, where 18 Jews were killed in a brief attack. (Redirected from 1929 Hebron Massacre) (This article is about the place in the Middle East. ...
August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Haganah Logo (1940s) The Haganah (Hebrew: The Defense, ×”×”×’× ×”) was a Jewish paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine from 1920 to 1948. ...
Yishuv is a Hebrew word meaning settlement. ...
Hebron (Arabic al-Ḫalīl; Hebrew , Standard Hebrew Ḥevron, Tiberian Hebrew Ḥeḇrôn: derived from the word friend; ) is a town in the Southern Judea region of the West Bank. ...
August 23 is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining. ...
...
August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ...
Hebron (Arabic al-Ḫalīl; Hebrew , Standard Hebrew Ḥevron, Tiberian Hebrew Ḥeḇrôn: derived from the word friend; ) is a town in the Southern Judea region of the West Bank. ...
A Safed neighbourhood Safed (Standard Hebrew צְפַת , commonly spelled Tzfat; Arabic: صÙد ; KJV English Zephath) is a city in the North District in Israel. ...
Commission of Enquiry A commission of enquiry lead by Sir Walter Shaw took public evidence for several weeks. The main conclusions of the Commission were as follows.[1] [Material not in brackets is verbatim.] - The outbreak in Jerusalem on the 23rd of August was from the beginning an attack by Arabs on Jews for which no excuse in the form of earlier murders by Jews has been established.
- The outbreak was not premeditated.
- [The disturbances] took the form, in the most part, of a vicious attack by Arabs on Jews accompanied by wanton destruction of Jewish property. A general massacre of the Jewish community at Hebron was narrowly averted. In a few instances, Jews attacked Arabs and destroyed Arab property. These attacks, though inexcusable, were in most cases in retaliation for wrongs already committed by Arabs in the neighbourhood in which the Jewish attacks occurred.
- [In his activities connected to the dispute over the Holy Places] the Mufti was influenced by the twofold desire to confront the Jews and to mobilize Moslem opinion on the issue of the Wailing Wall. He had no intention of utilizing this religious campaign as the means of inciting to disorder.
- ...in the matter of innovations of practice [at the Wailing Wall] little blame can be attached to the Mufti in which some Jewish religious authorities also would not have to share. ...no connection has been established between the Mufti and the work of those who either are known or are thought to have engaged in agitation or incitement. ... After the disturbances had broken out the Mufti co-operated with the Government in their efforts both to restore peace and to prevent the extension of disorder.
- [No blame can be properly attached to the British government for failing to provide armed reinforcements, withholding of fire, and similar charges.]
- The fundamental cause ... is the Arab feeling of animosity and hostility towards the Jews consequent upon the disappointment of their political and national aspirations and fear for their economic future. ... The feeling as it exists today is based on the twofold fear of the Arabs that by Jewish immigration and land purchases they may be deprived of their livelihood and in time pass under the political domination of the Jews.
- In our opinion the immediate causes of the outbreak were:-
-
- The long series of incidents connected with the Wailing Wall... These must be regarded as a whole, but the incident among them which in our view contributed most to the outbreak was the Jewish demonstration at the Wailing Wall on the 15th of August. ...
- Excited and intemperate articles which appeared in some Arabic papers, in one Hebrew daily paper and in a Jewish weekly paper...
- Understanding of the developing situation amongst the Arab people of a character which infuriated them.
- The enlargement of the Jewish Agency.
- The inadequacy of the military forces and of the reliable police available.
- The belief...that the decisions of the Palestine Government could be influenced by political considerations.
The Commission recommended that the Government reconsider its policies as to Jewish immigration and land sales to Jews. This lead directly to the Hope Simpson Royal Commission in 1930. The Hope Simpson Royal Commission was an investigation in the British Mandate of Palestine following widespread Arab riots of 1929 and subsequent to Shaw Commission of Enquiry. ...
Aftermath Altogether 195 Arabs and 34 Jews were sentenced by the courts for crimes related to the 1929 riots. Death sentences were handed down to 17 Arabs and 2 Jews, but these were later commuted to long prison terms except in the case of 3 Arabs who were hanged. Large collective fines were imposed on about 25 Arab villages or urban neighborhoods. Some financial compensation was paid to persons who lost family members or property.[6] The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ...
1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
A few dozen families returned to Hebron in 1931, but the community never reestablished itself, and there were no Jews remaining in Hebron by 1936. The massacre of 1929 resulted in the destruction of the old Jewish community of the city. Hebron (Arabic al-Ḫalīl; Hebrew , Standard Hebrew Ḥevron, Tiberian Hebrew Ḥeḇrôn: derived from the word friend; ) is a town in the Southern Judea region of the West Bank. ...
1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ...
1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Notes - ^ a b Great Britain, 1930 : Report of the Commission on the disturbances of August 1929, Command paper 3530 (Shaw Commission report).
- ^ Levi-Faur, Sheffer and Vogel, 1999, p. 216.
- ^ Sicker, 2000, p. 80.
- ^ 'The Wailing Wall In Jerusalem Another Incident', The Times, Monday, August 19, 1929; pg. 11; Issue 45285; col D.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Annual reports to the League of Nations; Palestine Post
August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
References - Levi-Faur, David, Sheffer, Gabriel and Vogel, David (1999). Israel: The Dynamics of Change and Continuity. London: Routledge. ISBN 0714650129.
- Morris, Benny Righteous Victims.
- Shapira, Anita (1992) Land and Power: The Zionist Resort to Force, 1881–1948. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Shaw Commission enquiry report
- Sicker, Martin (2000). Pangs of the Messiah: The Troubled Birth of the Jewish State. Praeger/Greenwood. ISBN 0275966380.
- Wasserstein, Bernard. The British in Palestine.
- Zertal, Idith (2005). Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521850967.
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Anita Shapira is founder of the Yitzhak Rabin Center for Israel Studies, Ruben Merenfeld Professor of the Study of Zionism and head of the Weizmann Institute for the Study of Zionism at Tel Aviv University. ...
See also This article describes violent events in the Old City of Jerusalem from April 4-7, 1920. ...
On May 1, 1921, a scuffle began in Tel Aviv-Jaffa between rival groups of Jewish Bolsheviks, carrying Yiddish banners demanding Soviet Palestine, and Socialists parading on May Day. ...
The Great Uprising, Great Revolt, or Great Arab Revolt was an uprising by Palestinian Arabs in the British Mandate of Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939. ...
External links - The Palestine Riots of 1929 A detailed account with additional background and history.
- The Hebron Massacre of 1929 A detailed account.
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Golda Meir (Hebrew: ) (born Golda Mabovitz; May 3, 1898 – December 8, 1978) was one of the founders of the State of Israel. ...
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(Hebrew: ×‘Ö¼Ö´× Ö°×™Ö¸×žÖ´×™×Ÿ × Ö°×ªÖ·× Ö°×™Ö¸×”×•Ö¼ (without niqqud: ×‘× ×™×ž×™×Ÿ × ×ª× ×™×”×•), Hebrew transliteration written in English: Binyamin Netanyahu, nicknamed Bibi) (born October 21, 1949, Tel Aviv) was the 9th Prime Minister of Israel. ...
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Ehud Olmert (IPA ; Hebrew: ×הוד ×ולמרט; born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel. ...
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(Hebrew שִ×מְעוֹן פֶּרֶס without Niqqud: שמעון פרס) (born Shimon Perske on August 16, 1923 in Poland, and immigrated with his family to Israel in 1934), is an Israeli politician, who was a supporter of the Labor Party until December 2005, but still holding a status of member. ...
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(Hebrew: יִצְחָק רָבִּין), (March 1, 1922 – November 4, 1995) was an Israeli politician and general. ...
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(Hebrew: ×ֲרִי×ֵל שָ×רוֹן, also known by his diminutive Arik) (born February 26, 1928) is a former Israeli politician and a retired general. ...
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Chaim Weizmann and Harry S. Truman, May 25, 1948 Chaim Azriel Weizmann (Hebrew: ×—×™×™× ×•×™×¦×ž×Ÿ) (also: Chaijim W., Haim W.) (November 27, 1874 – November 9, 1952) chemist, statesman, President of the World Zionist Organization, first President of Israel (elected May 16, 1948, served 1949 - 1952) and founder of a research institute in...
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Abdullah I of Jordan King Abdullah I of Jordan (1882 – July 20, 1951) (Arabic: عبد الله الأول), also known as Abdullah bin Husayn (Arabic: عبد الله بن Øسين), was, successively, Emir of Trans-Jordan (1921–1946) under a British Mandate, then King of Transjordan (May 25, 1946–1949), and finally King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan...
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King Abdullah II bin al-Hussein. ...
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Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: ; November 14, 1935 – February 7, 1999) was the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan from 1952 to 1999. ...
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Fouad Siniora Fouad Siniora (alternative spellings: Fuad Siniora, Fouad Seniora) is the Prime Minister of Lebanon, a position he assumed on 19 July 2005, succeeding Najib Mikati. ...
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Mona Juul is an official in the Norwegian Foreign Affairs Ministry. ...
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Johan Jørgen Holst Bust by Per Ung 1999 Johan Jørgen Holst (November 29, 1937 - January 13, 1994) was a Norwegian politician, best known for his involvement with the Oslo Accords. ...
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Terje Rød-Larsen (born November 22, 1947) is a Norwegian diplomat and sociologist. ...
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Mahmoud Abbas (Arabic: Ù…Øمود عباس) (born March 26, 1935), commonly known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن), was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) on January 9, 2005 and took office on January 15, 2005. ...
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Yasser Arafat (Arabic: ياسر عرÙات‎) August 24 or August 4, 1929 – November 11, 2004), born in Cairo, Egypt or Jerusalem (sources vary), Mohammed Abdel-Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini (Ù…Øمد عبد الرؤو٠القدوة الØسيني) and also known by the kunya Abu `Ammar (أبو عمّار), was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969–2004); President of the Palestinian...
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Marwan Barghouti in Israeli custody Marwan Barghouti (born June 6, 1959) is a Palestinian leader from the West Bank and a leader of the Fatah movement that forms the backbone of the Palestinian Authority and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). ...
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Ismail Haniya (more frequently Haniyeh) (born 1963) (Arabic: إسماعيل هنية) is the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. ...
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Mohammad Amin al-Husayni Mohammad Amin al-Husayni (ca. ...
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Khaled Mashal, also known as Khaled Mashaal (Arabic: خالد مشعل) (b. ...
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Count Folke Bernadotte of Wisborg (January 2, 1895 - September 17, 1948), or simply Count Bernadotte, was a Swedish diplomat noted for his negotiation of the release of 15,000 mostly Scandinavian prisoners [1] from the German concentration camps in World War II and for his assassination by members of a...
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Hafez al-Assad (Arabic: ‎) (October 6, 1930 – June 10, 2000) was the president of Syria from 1971 to 2000. ...
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President Bashar al-Assad Bashar al-Assad (Arabic: ‎) (born September 11, 1965) is the current President of Syria (The Syrian Arab Republic), Regional Secretary of the Baath Party and the son of former President Hafez al-Assad. ...
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Idi Amin on a ten-shilling note Idi Amin (c. ...
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The Right Honourable Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, KG, OM, (25 July 1848 – 19 March 1930) was a British statesman and the thirty-third Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ...
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Ernest Bevin (9 March 1881 - 14 April 1951) was a British labour leader, politician, and statesman, born in the small village of Winsford in Somerset, England. ...
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This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
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Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana Korbelová on May 15, 1937) served as the 64th United States Secretary of State. ...
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Ralph Bunche, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1951 Ralph Johnson Bunche (August 7, 1904 – December 9, 1971) was an American political scientist and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his mediation in Palestine in the late 1940s that led to an armistice agreement between the Jews and...
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George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American businessman and politician, was elected in 2000 as the 43rd President of the United States of America, re-elected in 2004, and is currently serving his second term in that office. ...
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James Earl Jimmy Carter, Jr. ...
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William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ...
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Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German-born Jewish American diplomat, Nobel laureate and statesman. ...
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Dennis Ross served as special Middle East envoy and negotiator for Democratic and Republicans US Administrations, first under George H.W. Bush and then under Bill Clinton during both terms. ...
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Cyrus Roberts Vance (March 27, 1917–January 12, 2002), was the United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980. ...
| 1920 Palestine riots
1921 Jaffa riots
1929 Palestine riots
1936–1939 Great Uprising
1947 Jerusalem riots
1948 Arab-Israeli War
1953 Qibya massacre
1956 Suez Crisis
1967 Six-Day War
1968–1970 War of Attrition
1972 Munich Olympics massacre
1972 Operation Wrath of God
1973 Operation Spring of Youth
1973 Yom Kippur War
1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War
1976 Operation Entebbe
1978 Operation Litani
1979 Iranian Revolution
1981 Operation Opera
1982 Lebanon War
1982-2000 South Lebanon conflict
1985 Operation Wooden Leg
1987–1990 First Intifada
1991 Gulf War
1993 Operation Accountability
1996 Operation Grapes of Wrath
2000–present Al-Aqsa Intifada
2002 Operation Defensive Shield
2004 Operation Rainbow
2004 Operation Days of Penitence
2006 Israel-Gaza conflict
2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
This article describes violent events in the Old City of Jerusalem from April 4-7, 1920. ...
On May 1, 1921, a scuffle began in Tel Aviv-Jaffa between rival groups of Jewish Bolsheviks, carrying Yiddish banners demanding Soviet Palestine, and Socialists parading on May Day. ...
The Great Uprising, Great Revolt, or Great Arab Revolt was an uprising by Palestinian Arabs in the British Mandate of Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939. ...
The 1947 Jerusalem Riots occurred following the 1947 UN Partition Plan. ...
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War is referred to as the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמ×ות) or as the War of Liberation (Hebrew: מלחמת השחרור) by Israelis. ...
The Qibya (also spelt Kibya, Qibieh or Qibye) Massacre (also known as Qibya Raid or Qibya Operation was carried out in October 1953 by Israeli troops in a West Bank village. ...
Combatants United Kingdom, Israel, France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan (CoS of the IDF) General Sir Charles Keightley (C-in-C), Vice-Admiral Pierre Barjot (Deputy) Gamal Abdel Nasser Strength 45,000 British, 34,000 French, 175,000 Israeli 300,000 Egyptians Casualties 177 Israelis KIA, unknown number WIA, 16 British...
Combatants Israel Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 50,000 troops (264,000 including mobilized reservists); 197 combat aircraft Egypt 150,000 troops; Syria 75,000; Jordan 55...
The War of Attrition was a limited war fought between Egypt and Israel from 1968 to 1970. ...
One of the Black September terrorists on the balcony of the Israeli team quarters at the Olympic village The Munich assassination occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September, a group with...
Operation Wrath of God also called Operation Bayonet was a covert operation directed by Israel and the Mossad to eliminate the terrorists who perpetrated the Munich Massacre. ...
Operation Spring of Youth took place on the night of April 9 and early morning of April 10, 1973. ...
Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan David Elazar Ariel Sharon Shmuel Gonen Benjamin Peled Saad El Shazly Ahmad Ismail Ali Hosni Mubarak Mohammed Aly Fahmy Anwar Sadat Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy Abdul Munim Wassel Abd-Al-Minaam Khaleel Abu Zikry Mustafa Tlass[2], [3] Strength 415,000...
For the civil conflict of 1958, see Lebanon crisis of 1958. ...
Operation Entebbe took place on the night of July 3 and early morning of July 4, 1976. ...
Operation Litani was the official name of the Israel Defense Forces 1978 invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani river. ...
Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ...
Combatants Israel Iraq Strength 8 F-16A fighters 6 F-15A fighters Unknown numbers of radar and Anti-aircraft artillery Casualties None 10 Iraqi soldiers and 1 French researcher killed Operation Opera (sometimes referred to as Operation Babylon or Operation Ofra) was an Israeli air strike against the Iraqi Osirak...
Combatants Israel Amal Hezbollah PLO Commanders Menachem Begin Ayatollah Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah Imad Mughniyah Yasser Arafat Strength 76,000 15,000 Casualties 675 9,800 The Lebanon War (Hebrew: , Milkhemet Levanon), also known as the Operation Peace of the Galilee (מבצע ×©×œ×•× ×”×’×œ×™×œ, Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil in Hebrew), began June 6, 1982, when...
Combatants Hezbollah Israel South Lebanon Army Casualties 1283 1200 Israeli soldiers During the 1982-2000 South Lebanon conflict Hezbollah waged a guerrilla campaign against Israeli forces occupying Southern Lebanon. ...
Operation Wooden Leg was the October 1, 1985 Israeli Air Force raid on the Palestinian Liberation Organizations headquarters in Tunis, Tunisia. ...
Intifada A poster from 1990 The First Intifada refers to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis between 1987 and approximately 1993, when the Oslo accords were signed and the Palestinian National Authority was established. ...
Combatants UN Coalition Republic of Iraq Commanders Norman Schwarzkopf, Sir Patrick Hine, Michel Roquejeoffre Saddam Hussein, Ali Hassan al-Majid, Hussein Kamel Strength 660,000 545,000 Casualties 345 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 - 100,000 dead, 100,000 - 300,000 wounded The 1991 Gulf War (also called the...
In July 1993, Israeli Forces launched a massive attack against Lebanon named Operation Accountability in Israel and Seven-Day War in Lebanon, in an attempt to displace the Lebanese and Palestinian refugee population, in order to pressure the Lebanese government and population to withdraw support for Hezbollah[1]. Israeli artillery...
Combatants Israel, South Lebanon Army Hezbollah Operation Grapes of Wrath is the Israeli Defense Forces code-name for a sixteen-day military blitz against Lebanon in an attempt to end shelling of Northern Israel by Hezbollah. ...
The wreckage of a commuter bus in West Jerusalem after a suicide bombing on Tuesday, 18 June 2002. ...
Operation Defensive Shield (In Hebrew, מבצע חומת מגן) was a large-scale military operation conducted by the Israeli Defence Forces in April 2002. ...
Operation Rainbow (In Hebrew, מבצע קשת ×‘×¢× ×Ÿ) is a controversial military operation which began on May 18, 2004 in the Gaza Strip. ...
Combatants Israel Defense Forces Hamas Casualties 5 killed (3 Of them civilians) 104 - 133 killed (42 of them civilians) Operation Days of Penitence (In Hebrew, מבצע ימי תשובה) was the name used by Israel to describe an Israel Defense Forces operation in the northern Gaza Strip, conducted between September 30, 2004 and October...
Combatants Israel Defense Forces (Israeli Security Forces) Hamas Popular Resistance Committees, al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Jaish al-Islam Commanders Dan Halutz (Chief of Staff) Yoav Galant (Regional) Khaled Mashal (Leader of Hamas[1])Mohammed Deif (Leader of Hamas military wing) Strength 3,000 Exact figure unknown. ...
Combatants Hezbollah Israel Commanders Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General) Dan Halutz (CoS), Moshe Kaplinsky[6], Udi Adam (Regional) Strength 600-1,000 fighters 3,000-5,000 available 10,000 reservist [3] 30,000 ground troops (plus IAF & ISC) [7] Casualties Hezbollah militia: 74 dead confirmed by Hezbollah [4] 440 dead...
| 1917 Balfour Declaration
1919 Faisal-Weizmann Agreement
1920 Sanremo conference
1922 White Paper
1939 White Paper
1947 UN Partition Plan
1948 Establishment of Israel
1948 UNGA Resolution 194
1949 Armistice Agreements
1964 Palestinian National Covenant
1967 Khartoum Resolution
1967 UNSC Resolution 242
1973 UNSC Resolution 338
1973 UNSC Resolution 339
1974 UNSC Resolution 350
1978 UNSC Resolution 425
1978 Camp David Accords
1979 UNSC Resolution 446
1979 Israel-Egypt peace treaty
1979 UNSC Resolution 452
1980 UNSC Resolution 478
1981 UNSC Resolution 497
1983 Israel-Lebanon agreement
1991 Madrid Conference
1993 Oslo Accords
1994 Israel-Jordan peace treaty
1998 Wye River Memorandum
2000 Camp David Summit
2001 Taba Summit
2002 Arab Peace Initiative
2002 Road Map for Peace
2004 UNSC Resolution 1559
2005 UNSC Resolution 1583
2005 Sharm el-Sheikh Summit
2005 Israel's unilateral disengagement plan
2006 Palestinian Prisoners' Document
2006 UNSC Resolution 1701
The Balfour Declaration was a letter dated November 2, 1917, from British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour, to Lord Rothschild (Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild), a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation, a private Zionist organization. ...
The Faisal-Weizmann Agreement was signed on January 3, 1919, by Emir Faisal (son of the King of Hejaz) and Chaim Weizmann (later President of the World Zionist Organization) as part of the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 settling disputes stemming from World War I. It was a short-lived agreement...
The Sanremo conference was an international meeting held in Sanremo, Italy, from 19-26 April 1920. ...
The Churchill White Paper of 3 June 1922 clarified how Britain viewed the Balfour Declaration, 1917. ...
The White Paper of 1939, also known as the MacDonald White Paper after Malcolm MacDonald, the British Colonial Secretary who presided over it, was a policy paper issued by the British government under Neville Chamberlain in which the idea of partitioning the British Mandate of Palestine was abandoned in favour...
On 29 November 1947 the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine or United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, a plan to resolve the Arab-Jewish conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine, was approved by the United Nations General Assembly, at the UN World Headquarters in New York. ...
Image:Declarintion of State of Israel 1948. ...
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 [1] was passed on December 11 1948, near the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. ...
The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. ...
The Palestinian National Covenant or Palestinian National Charter (Arabic: al-Mithaq al-Watani al-Filastini) is the charter or constitution of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). ...
The Khartoum Resolution of September 1, 1967 was issued at the conclusion of a meeting between the leaders of eight Arab countries in the wake of the Six-Day War. ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on November 22, 1967 in the aftermath of the Six Day War. ...
The three-line United Nations Security Council Resolution 338 (S/RES/338), approved on October 22, 1973, called for a cease fire in the Yom Kipur War in accordance with a joint proposal by the United States and the Soviet Union. ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 339 (S/RES/339) was adopted in order to bring a cease fire in the Yom Kipur War where Resolution 338 two days before have failed. ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 350, adopted on 31 May 1974, established the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force, to monitor the ceasefire between Israel and Syria in the wake of the Yom Kippur War. ...
On March 19, 1978, five days after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, United Nations Security Council Resolution 425 was adopted, calling on Israel to immediately withdraw its forces from Lebanon and establishing the United Nations Interim Forces In Lebanon (UNIFIL). ...
Celebrating the signing of the Camp David Accords (1978): Menachem Begin, Jimmy Carter, Anwar Sadat The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David. ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 446 concerned the issue of Israeli settlements in the Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, including Jerusalem. This refers to the Palestinian territories of the West Bank including East Jerusalem, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. ...
The Israel-Egypt peace treaty (Arabic: معاهدة السلام المصرية الإسرائيلية; transliterated: Muahadat as-Salam al-Masriyah al-Israyliyah) (Hebrew: ×”×¡×›× ×©×œ×•× ×™×©×¨×ל-מצרי×; transliterated: Heskem Shalom Yisrael-Mizraim) was signed in Washington, DC, United States, on March 26, 1979, following the Camp David Accords (1978). ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 452 was on the issue of the Israeli settlements in the Palestinian territories of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza Strip and the Syrian Golan Heights. ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared that the 1980 Knesset law (the Jerusalem Law) declaring Jerusalem as Israels eternal and indivisible capital was null and void and must be rescinded forthwith. This resolution, not taken under chapter VI or VII of the charter (the binding chapters), advised member...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 497 calls on Israel to rescind its annexation of the Golan Heights. ...
The May 17 Agreement was a failed US-backed attempt to create peace between Lebanon and Israel during the Lebanese Civil War, by some seen as an illegal agreement imposed while the country was under military occupation, and by others as an attempt at restoring peace and security to Lebanon...
The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR. It convened on October 30, 1991 and lasted for three days. ...
The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles (DOP), were finalized in Oslo, Norway on August 20, 1993, and subsequently officially signed at a public ceremony in Washington D.C. on September 13, 1993, with Mahmoud Abbas signing for the...
The Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace, or Israel-Jordan peace treaty is a peace treaty signed between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1994. ...
The Wye River Memorandum was a political agreement negotiated to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 28 September, 1995 brokered by the United States between Israel and the Palestine Authority completed on October 23, 1998. ...
The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. ...
The Taba summit (or: Taba Summit; Taba Talks; Taba Conference; Taba), also known as the permanent status talks at Taba between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, held from January 21 to January 27, 2001 at Taba in the Sinai peninsula, were peace talks aimed at reaching the final status negotiations...
The Arab Peace Initiative was floated by acting Saudi regent Crown Prince Abdullah as a potential solution to both the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Arab-Israeli conflict. ...
The road map for peace is a plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict proposed by a quartet of international entities: the United States, the European Union, Russia, and the United Nations. ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559 was a resolution adopted by the United Nations Security Council on September 2, 2004. ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583 calls on Lebanon to assert full control over its border with Israel (See: Hezbollah). ...
The Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005 took place on February 8, (2005), when four Middle Eastern leaders gathered at Sharm el-Sheikh, a town at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, in order to declare their wish to work towards the end of the four-year Al-Aqsa...
A map illustrating the four phases of the Gaza disengagement plan. ...
The Prisoners document is a document drawn up by Palestinian prisoners who are currently being held in Israeli jails. ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 is a resolution intended to resolve the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. ...
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