The year 1929 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below. // What is science? There are different theories of what science is. ... Technology (Gr. ...

Astronomy and space exploration

• Clyde Tombaugh discovers several asteroids: 2839 Annette, 3583 Burdett, 3824 Brendalee, 1929 VS, 1929 VD1.
• Edwin Hubble publishes his discovery that the speed at which galaxies recede positively correlates with their distance, which became known as Hubble's law, the basis for understanding that the universe is expanding.
• George Gamow proposes hydrogen fusion as the energy source for stars.
• Konstantin Tsiolkovsky proposes the construction of staged rockets in his book Космические поезда (Cosmic Trains).

Clyde William Tombaugh (February 4, 1906 – January 17, 1997) was an American astronomer who discovered the planet Pluto in 1930. ... An asteroid is a small, solid object in our Solar System, orbiting the Sun. ... Edwin Hubble Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer, noted for his discoveries of the cosmic red shift and the fact that other galaxies exist beyond the Milky Way galaxy, as the observed galaxies were formerly thought to be small nebulae. ... This article is about a celestial body. ... Hubbles law is the statement in physical cosmology that the redshift in light coming from distant galaxies is proportional to their distance. ... The deepest visible-light image of the cosmos. ... George Gamow (pronounced GAM-off), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamow (Георгий Антонович Гамов) (March 4, 1904 – August 19, 1968) was a Ukrainian born physicist and cosmologist. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... The deuterium-tritium fusion reaction is considered the most promising for producing fusion power. ... The Pleiades star cluster A star is any massive gaseous body in outer space. ... Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (Konstanty Ciołkowski), (Константин Эдуардович Циолковский; September 5, 1857 new style – September 19, 1935) was a Russian rocket scientist and pioneer of cosmonautics who spent most of his life in a log-house at the outskirts of the Russian town of Kaluga. ...

Aviation

• July 5 - The Curtiss-Wright corporation is founded.
• August 8 - The German airship Graf Zeppelin begins a round-the-world flight (will end on August 29).
• November 29 - US Admiral Richard Byrd becomes the first person to fly over the South Pole.
• December 5 - Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation is founded.

July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... The Curtiss-Wright Corporation was once a leading aircraft manufacturer of the United States, but has since become a component manufacturer, specializing in actuators, controls, valves, and metal treatment. ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... Graf Zeppelin, filled with abundant hydrogen, circumnavigated the globe. ... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, USN (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an pioneering polar explorer and famous aviator. ... Location of the South Pole in the Antarctic continent. ... December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a leading producer of military and civilian aircraft of the 20th century. ...

Biology

• Professor Gericke of the University of California, Los Angeles demonstrates that plants can be grown soil-free all the way to maturity, the basis of hydroponics.

The University of California, Los Angeles, popularly known as UCLA, is a public, coeducational university situated in the neighborhood of Westwood within the city of Los Angeles. ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern... Hydroponics is the growing of plants without soil. ...

Chemistry

• Sir John Lennard-Jones introduces his linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method for approximation of molecular orbitals.
• Lars Onsager publishes his reciprocal relations equations in thermodynamics, for which he received the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

John Edward Lennard-Jones (October 27, 1894 - November 1, 1954) was a mathematician who held a chair of theoretical physics at Bristol University, and then a chair of theoretical science at Cambridge University. ... In molecular physics, the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method (usually called the LCAO MO method) is a technique for calculating molecular orbitals in quantum chemistry. ... Electron atomic and molecular orbitals In quantum chemistry, the molecular electronic states, i. ... Lars Onsager (November 27, 1903-October 5, 1976) was a Norwegian physical chemist, winner of the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... In thermodynamics, the Onsager reciprocal relations express the equality of certain relations between flows and forces in thermodynamical systems out of equilibrium, but where a notion of local equilibrium exists. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... See also: Other events of 1968 List of years in science . ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to the present day. ...

Communications

• Rudolf Hell receives a patent for the Hellschreiber, an early fax machine.
• First practical coaxial cable patented by Lloyd Espenschied and Herman Affe of AT&T's Bell Telephone Laboratories.

Rudolf Hell (December 19, 1901 – March 11, 2002) was a German inventor. ... Patent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Fax (short for facsimile - from Latin fac simile, make similar, i. ... Coaxial cable is an electrical cable consisting of a round conducting wire, surrounded by an insulating spacer, surrounded by a cylindrical conducting sheath, and usually surrounded by a final insulating layer. ... AT&T (formerly an abbreviation for American Telephone and Telegraph) Corporation (NYSE: T) is an American telecommunications company. ... Bell Telephone Laboratories or Bell Labs was originally the research and development arm of the United States Bell System, and was the premier corporate facility of its type, developing a range of revolutionary technologies from telephone switches to specialized coverings for telephone cables, to the transistor. ...

Geology

• November 18 - 1929 Grand Banks earthquake: Off the south coast of Newfoundland in the Atlantic Ocean, a Richter magnitude 7.2 submarine earthquake centered on Grand Banks, breaks 12 submarine transatlantic telegraph cables and triggers a tsunami that destroys many south coast communities in the Burin Peninsula area.

November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years), with 43 remaining. ... The 1929 Grand Banks earthquake occured on November 18 of that year. ... Newfoundland (French: Terre-Neuve; Irish: Talamh an Éisc; Latin: Terra Nova) is a large island off the north-east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... The Richter magnitude test scale (or more correctly local magnitude ML scale) assigns a single number to quantify the size of an earthquake. ... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998 An earthquake is a trembling or a shaking movement of the Earths surface. ... The Grand Banks are a group of underwater plateaus southeast of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf. ... Cyrus Field was the instigator of the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable between North America and Europe August 5th 1858. ... The tsunami that struck Malé in the Maldives on December 26, 2004. ...

Mathematics

• Kurt Gödel proves his completeness theorem.

Kurt Gödel Kurt Gödel [kurt gøːdl], (April 28, 1906 – January 14, 1978) was a logician, mathematician, and philosopher of mathematics. ... The proof of Gödels completeness theorem given by Kurt Gödel in his doctoral dissertation of 1929 (and a rewritten version of the dissertation, published as an article in 1930) is not easy to read today; it uses concepts and formalism that are outdated and terminology that is... Gödels completeness theorem is a fundamental theorem in mathematical logic proved by Kurt Gödel in 1929. ...

Medicine

• Alexander Fleming publishes an article about penicillin in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology, for which he received the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (August 6, 1881 – March 11, 1955) discovered the antibiotic substance lysozyme and isolated the antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum. ... Penicillin is a β-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. ... See also: Other events of 1945 List of years in science . ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ...

Physics

• Robert J. Van de Graaff develops the Van de Graaff generator.
• Oskar Klein discovers the Klein paradox.
• Oskar Klein and Y. Nishina derive the Klein-Nishina cross section for high energy photon scattering by electrons.
• Sir Nevill Francis Mott derives the Mott cross section for the Coulomb scattering of relativistic electrons.
• Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac and Werner Karl Heisenberg develop the quantum theory of ferromagnetism.
• Ernest O. Lawrence invents the cyclotron, for which he received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Robert Jemison Van de Graaff, (December 20, 1901 -- January 16, 1967) was an American physicist and instrument maker, professor of physics at Princeton University. ... Van de Graaff generator A Van de Graaff generator is a machine which uses a moving belt to accumulate very high charges on a hollow metal globe. ... Sir Nevill Francis Mott (September 30, 1905 – August 8, 1996) was a British physicist. ... Properties The electron (also called negatron, commonly represented as e−) is a subatomic particle. ... Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, (August 8, 1902 - October 20, 1984) was a British theoretical physicist and a founder of the field of quantum physics. ... Werner Heisenberg Werner Karl Heisenberg (December 5, 1901 – February 1, 1976) was a celebrated German physicist and Nobel laureate, one of the founders of quantum mechanics. ... Ferromagnetism is a phenomenon by which a material can exhibit a spontaneous magnetization, and is one of the strongest forms of magnetism. ... Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 - August 27, 1958) was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known for his invention of the cyclotron. ... 60-inch cyclotron, circa 1939, showing beam of accelerated ions (perhaps protons or deuterons) causing a blue glow, almost certainly the Cherenkov effect. ... See also: Other events of 1939 List of years in science . ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ...

Awards

• Nobel Prize
  • Physics: Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie
  • Chemistry: Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
  • Physiology or Medicine: Christiaan Eijkman, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins

Sir Edward Appletons medal Photographs of Nobel Prize Medals. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7th duc de Broglie, generally known as Louis de Broglie (August 15, 1892–March 19, 1987), was a French physicist and Nobel Prize laureate. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to the present day. ... Arthur Harden (October 12, 1865 – June 17, 1940) was an English biochemist. ... Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin (1873 - 1964) was a Swedish (German-born) biochemist. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... Christiaan Eijkman (August 11, 1858—November 5, 1930) was a Dutch physician and pathologist whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins. ... Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861 - 1947) was an English biochemist. ...

Births

• April 22 - Sir Michael Francis Atiyah, mathematician.
• May 21 - Andrei Sakharov (d. 1989), nuclear physicist.
• June 10 - Edward Osborne Wilson, entomologist.
• July 1 - Gerald Edelman, biologist.
• September 5 - Andrian Nikolayev (d. 2004), cosmonaut.
• September 15 - Murray Gell-Mann, physicist, 1969 Nobel laureate in physics.
• November 7 - Eric R. Kandel, neurobiology researcher and Nobel laureate.

April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... Sir Michael Francis Atiyah, OM (born 22 April 1929) is a mathematician who was born in London. ... A mathematician is a person whose area of study and research is mathematics. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... Andrei Sakharov, 1943 Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (Андре́й Дми́триевич Са́харов, May 21, 1921 – December 14, 1989), was a Soviet-Russian nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. ... See also: Other events of 198 List of years in science . ... A physicist is a scientist trained in physics. ... June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. ... E.O. Wilson with Dynastes hercules E. O. Wilson, or Edward Osborne Wilson, (born June 10, 1929) is an entomologist and biologist known for his work on ecology, evolution, and sociobiology. ... Entomology is the scientific study of insects. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... Gerald Maurice Edelman (born July 1, 1929) is a biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1972 for his work on the immune system. ... Main articles: Life All organisms (viruses not included) consist of cells, which in turn, are based on a common carbon-based biochemistry. ... September 5 is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years). ... Andrian Grigoryevich Nikolayev Andrian Grigoryevich Nikolayev (Chuvash: Андриян Григорьевич Николаев), (September 5, 1929–July 3, 2004) was a Soviet cosmonaut. ... See also: Other events of 2004 List of years in science . ... U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit. ... September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... Murray Gell-Mann at Harvard University Murray Gell-Mann (born September 15, 1929) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. ... A physicist is a scientist trained in physics. ... 1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... The Nobel Prizes (pronounced no-BELL or no-bell) are awarded annually to people who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society. ... November 7 is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ... Eric Richard Kandel (born November 7, 1929) is a neuroscientist who won a Nobel Prize in the year 2000 for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. ... Neuroscience is a field of study which deals with the structure, function, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. ... The Nobel Prizes (pronounced no-BELL or no-bell) are awarded annually to people who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society. ...

Deaths

• February 3 - A. K. Erlang (b. 1878), mathematician.
• March 6 - David Buick, automobile pioneer.
• April 4 - Karl Benz (b. 1844), German automotive pioneer.
• August 27 - Herman Potočnik Noordung (b. 1892), Slovene pioneer of astronautics and cosmonautics.
• November 17 - Herman Hollerith (b. 1860), statistician, punch card inventor.