Canada is the second largest country in the world but has about the same population as the state of California, which is about 4 percent of Canada’s size.
This is because the north of Canada, with its harsh Arctic and sub-Arctic climates, is sparsely inhabited.
Canada occupies nearly all of North America north of latitude 49° north and east of longitude 141° west.
Canada was a major front in the War of 1812 between the United States and British Empire and its successful defence had important long-term effects on Canada, including the building of a sense of unity and nationalism among British North Americans.
Canada joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1990 and hosted the OAS General Assembly in Windsor in June 2000, and the third Summit of the Americas in Quebec City in April 2001.
Canada's two official languages, English and French, are the mother tongues of 59.7% and 23.2% of the population, respectively.
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