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Encyclopedia: History of rail transport in Great Britain (9282 words) |
 | As early as 1676 railed roads were in use in Northumberland to ease the conveyance of coal from the mines to the banks of the river at Newcastle-on-Tyne. |
| Called tramroads (the early coal wagons were called drams), these primitive rails were superseded in 1793 when the then superintendent of the Cromford Canal, Benjamin Outram constructed a tramway with L-shaped cast-iron rails: the tramway was a little over a mile in length and had a gauge of 3 ft 6 ins (1067 mm). |
| Although these rails were a huge step forward over the wooden "rails", they themselves were superseded when William Jessup (1745-1814) - who had been a pupil of John Smeaton - built and, with Outram, manufactured cast-iron rails without guiding ledges, where the edges of the wagon-wheels were flanged instead. |
| Encyclopedia: 1948 (9482 words) |
| DavÃð Oddsson DavÃð Oddsson (born 17 January 1948, in ReykjavÃk, Iceland) is an Icelandic politician and the longest serving Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004). |
| R. Crowley (born March 2, 1948) is a pioneer in the development and practice of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), an early component of electronic commerce. |
| Steven Tyler Steven Victor Tallarico (born March 26, 1948 to Victor Tallarico and Susan Blancha in Yonkers, New York), better known as Steven Tyler, is the singer and co-songwriter in the band Aerosmith, formed in Sunapee, New Hampshire in the early 1970s. |
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