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Origins of Software Architecture Study (1060 words) |
 | Although the term architecture is still used today in some communities to refer to the user view of a system, it isn't what is meant by software architecture, which refers to the structure of the system quite hidden from the user. |
| However, the notion of architecture as a common description of a class of systems -- i.e., an abstraction, where all the instantiations are said to exhibit the architecture -- endures, and is at the heart of the concept. |
| Work in software architecture can be seen as attempting to codify the commonality among members of a program family, so that the high-level design decisions inherent in each member of a program family need not be re-invented, re-validated, and re-described. |
| Japanese architecture Summary (4617 words) |
| In the mid-nineteenth century, the profession of architecture was introduced to Japan from abroad, and the first architects were trained to use Western historical styles in their work. |
| The Ohiroma of Nijo Castle (17th century) in Kyoto is one of the classic examples of the shoin, with its tokonoma (alcove), shoin window (overlooking a carefully landscaped garden), and clearly differentiated areas for the Tokugawa lords and their vassals. |
| He adapted the inner courtyards of traditional Osaka houses to new urban architecture, using open stairways and bridges to lessen the sealed atmosphere of the standard city dwelling. |
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