Although the term architecture is still used today in some communities to refer to the user view of a system, it isn't what is meant by software architecture, which refers to the structure of the system quite hidden from the user.
However, the notion of architecture as a common description of a class of systems -- i.e., an abstraction, where all the instantiations are said to exhibit the architecture -- endures, and is at the heart of the concept.
Work in software architecture can be seen as attempting to codify the commonality among members of a program family, so that the high-level design decisions inherent in each member of a program family need not be re-invented, re-validated, and re-described.
In the mid-nineteenth century, the profession of architecture was introduced to Japan from abroad, and the first architects were trained to use Western historical styles in their work.
The Ohiroma of Nijo Castle (17th century) in Kyoto is one of the classic examples of the shoin, with its tokonoma (alcove), shoin window (overlooking a carefully landscaped garden), and clearly differentiated areas for the Tokugawa lords and their vassals.
He adapted the inner courtyards of traditional Osaka houses to new urban architecture, using open stairways and bridges to lessen the sealed atmosphere of the standard city dwelling.
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