The year 1975 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below. What is science? There are different theories of what science is. ... Technology (Gr. ...

Astronomy and space exploration

• August 20 - Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars.

August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... NASAs Viking program consisted of two unmanned space missions to Mars, Viking 1 and Viking 2. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (established 1958) is the government agency responsible for the United States of Americas space program and long-term general aerospace research. ... The Viking 1 was the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars as part of NASAs Viking program. ... Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. ...

Biology

• August 7 - César Milstein and Georges Köhler report their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate monoclonal antibodies, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science^{[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_in_science#fn_antibody)[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_in_science#fn_antibody2)}

August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... César Milstein (1927-2002) was born in Bahia Blanca, Argentina. ... Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are antibodies that are identical because they were produced by one type of immune cell, all clones of a single parent cell. ... Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are antibodies that are identical because they were produced by one type of immune cell, all clones of a single parent cell. ...

Computer science

• January - Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer
• July 17 - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.

January is the first month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... The MITS Altair 8800 is a microcomputer design from 1975, based on the Intel 8080A CPU. Sold as a kit through Popular Electronics magazine, the designers intended to sell only a few hundred to hobbyists, and were surprised when they sold over ten times that many in the first month. ... Apple IIc Generally, a microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor (µP) as its CPU. Another general characteristic of these computers is that they occupy physically small amounts of space. ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was the first joint flight of the US and Soviet space programs. ... Description Role: Earth and Lunar Orbit Crew: 3; CDR, CM pilot, LM pilot Dimensions Height: 36. ... Soyuz at National Space Centre Soyuz (Союз, union) is a series of spacecraft designed by Sergey Korolev for the Soviet Unions space program. ... In physics, an orbit is the path that an object makes, around another object, whilst under the influence of a source of centripetal force, such as gravity. ...

Awards

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, James Rainwater
  • Chemistry - John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
  • Medicine - David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin
• Turing Award - Allen Newell, Herbert Simon

Photographs of Nobel Prize Medals. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Aage Niels Bohr (born in Copenhagen, Denmark on June 19, 1922) is the son of Margrethe and Niels Bohr. ... Benjamin Roy Mottelson (born July 9, American-Danish physicist. ... Leo James Rainwater (December 9, 1917 - May 31, 1986) was an American physicist who won a share of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1975 for his part in determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to the present day. ... John Kappa Cornforth was born in Australia, and has been profoundly deaf since his teens. ... Vladmir Prelog (July 23, 1906 - January 7, 1998) was a renowned chemist from Croatia who worked in Prague, Zagreb and Zurich and who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1975. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... David Baltimore (born March 7, 1938) is an American biologist and a winner of the 1975 Nobel Prize for pgjofdgifdhggfdhhyjyjuBold textInsert non-formatted text here--64. ... Renato Dulbecco (born 1914) was a U.S. (Italian-born) virologist. ... Howard Martin Temin (1934 - 1994) was a U.S. geneticist. ... The A.M. Turing Award is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to a person selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. ... Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992) was a researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND corporation. ... Herbert Simon (June 15, 1916–February 9, 2001) was a researcher in the fields of cognitive psychology, computer science, economics and philosophy (sometimes described as a polymath). ...

Births

Deaths

• February 14 - Julian Huxley (b. 1887), British biologist and author.

February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Sir Julian Sorell Huxley (June 22, 1887 - February 14, 1975) was a British biologist, author and internationalist, known for his popularisations of science in books and lectures. ... See also: Other events of 1887 List of years in science . ... A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of organisms. ... The word author has several meanings: The author of a book, story, article or the like, is the person who has written it (or is writing it). ...

References

1. ⇧ Reference: Kohler, G.; Milstein, C. (1975). Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 256(5517), 495-497. PMID 1172191
2. ⇧ Reference: Waldman, Thomas A. (2003). Immunotherapy: past, present and future (http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v9/n3/full/nm0303-269.html&filetype=pdf). Nature Medicine 9, 269-277.