[[1980s injkfsld;js;'dlkjgfksl'djg s;djf'sa;ljf'saljf'awsde recognized internationally for its politics, entertainment and skyrocketing real estate prices. Chinese people in Hong Kong have adopted many western folkways, but a substantial number of them still adhere to traditional Chinese traditions on various aspects of social living; for instance family solidarity, “courtesy and face” in interpersonal relationship. ... Other Hong Kong topics Culture - Economy Education - Geography - History Hong Kong Portal Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by the Peoples Republic of China, an own legislature, the Chief Executive as the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party... Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ...

Background

Kowloon, Tsim Sha Tsui, 1989

After being made a crown colony since 1843, the status of Hong Kong was changed effectively under British Nationality Act 1981 which enacted on 1 January, 1983. The Act renamed all existing British colonies to dependent territories. The renaming did not change how the government operate but it affected the nationality status of Hong Kong's then over 5 million inhabitants. Most of whom were to become British Dependent Territory citizens -- a status that could no longer be transmitted by descent. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... In modern day Hong Kong, Kowloon refers to the urban area made up of Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon, bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen and Stonecutters Island in the west, Tates Cairn and Lion Rock in the north, and... The Clock Tower in Tsim Sha Tsui is a famous landmark of Hong Kong. ... The British Nationality Act 1981 was an Act of Parliament passed by the British Parliament. ...

Regardless of the competing claims for sovereignty, the PRC's's paramount leader Deng Xiaoping recognized that Hong Kong, with its free market economy, could not be assimilated into the People's Republic overnight and that any attempt to do so would not be in the interests of either. He advocated a far more pragmatic approach known as the One Country, Two Systems policy in which Hong Kong (as well as Macau, and proposed to Taiwan) would be able to retain their economic systems within the PRC. On December 19, 1984, the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong (The Joint Declaration) was signed between the PRC and UK Governments. Under this agreement, Hong Kong would cease to be a British Dependent Territory on July 1, 1997 and would henceforth be a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC. Citizens opposing the handover led to the first wave of emigration. “PRC” redirects here. ... Paramount leader (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: , literally the highest leader of the country), in modern Chinese political science, unofficially refers to the political leader of the Peoples Republic of China who controls the three branches of the Chinese political system (Communist Party of China, Peoples Republic of China and... Deng Xiaoping   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904–February 19, 1997) was a leader in the Communist Party of China (CCP). ... A market economy (also called free market economy or a free enterprise economy) is an economic system in which the production and distribution of goods and services takes place through the mechanism of free markets guided by a free price system. ... One country, two systems (Simplified Chinese: 一国两制; Traditional Chinese: 一國兩制; pinyin: yì; guó liÇŽng zhì; Jyutping: jat1 gwok3 loeng5 zai3; Yale: yāt gwok leúhng jai), is an idea originally proposed by Deng Xiaoping, then Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), for the unification of China. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Sino-British Joint Declaration, formally known as the Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Peoples Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong, was signed by the Prime Ministers of the Peoples... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Special administrative region may be: Peoples Republic of China Special administrative regions, present-day administrative divisions (as of 2006) set up by the Peoples Republic of China to administer Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999) Republic of China Special administrative regions, also translated as special administrative... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Demographics

Population

Population in 1980 and 1985 was 5 million and 5.5 million respectively^[1]. The average household size was 3.9 people^[2]. 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Immigration & Emigration

From 1978 to September 1980 nearly 23,000 illegal immigrants from mainland China entered Hong Kong. By October 1980, the government abolished the "reached-base" policy on October 23, 1980. After this date, any illegal immigrants captured would be sent back to their originating countries immediately. Other public outcries in the early 80s include a decrease in wages due to the large influx of mainland immigrants raising supply against demands^[3]. 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...

On the contrary, citizens who were originally born in Hong Kong were beginning a migration to US and Canada in masses due to the uncertainty of the handover in 1997. From 1980 to 1986, an estimated 21,000 left Hong Kong permanently each year. Beginning in 1987 the numbers rose sharply to 48,000 people a year^[4]. United States may refer to: Places: United States of America SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. ... The transfer of the sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom (UK) to the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), often referred to as The Handover, occurred on June 30, 1997. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Culture

Education

In the early 1980s Hong Kong's education system could only accommodate 2% of the youth who wanted to seek higher education. It wasn't until 1989 when the government decided to expand the programs domestically. Prior to this, it was expected that higher education be gained abroad^[5]. The 1980s refers to the period where corey sucks peters and has a not little to look at his little penis of and between 1980 and 1989. ... The University of Cambridge is an institute of higher learning. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Entertainment

Chow Yun-Fat

The mid 80s saw the popularizing of the walkman. It was one of the key factors in contributing to the rise of the cantopop culture. Anita Mui and Alan Tam were some of the biggest popstars. Other shows related to Super Sentai and Transformers were translated and broadcasted regularly. The franchising of toy stores such as Toys "R" Us flooded the malls of Hong Kong. Japanese import stores like Sogo in Causeway Bay also made Hello Kitty a cultural icon. Image File history File links Abettertomorrow. ... Image File history File links Abettertomorrow. ... Chow Yun-Fat (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) (born May 18, 1955 on Lamma Island, Hong Kong, China) is a Hong Kong actor. ... Sony Walkman Official Logo (2000 — current) Various products of the Walkman line Walkman is a popular Sony brand used to market its portable audio players, and is synonymously used to refer to the original Walkman portable personal stereo player and as a generic term for similar devices from other manufacturers. ... Cantopop (Chinese: 粵語流行曲) is a colloquial abbreviation for Cantonese popular music. It is also referred to as HK-pop, short for Hong Kong popular music. It is categorized as a subgenre of Chinese popular music within C-pop. ... Anita Mui Yim-fong (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Cantonese Yale: muìh yihm fòng; October 10, 1963–December 30, 2003) was a popular Hong Kong pop singer and actress. ... Alan Tam Wing Lun (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: Tán Yǒnglín; born 23 August 1952) is a Hong Kong Cantopop singer and is a film actor. ... The official logo of the Super Sentai Series introduced in 2000 during the run of Mirai Sentai Timeranger The Super Sentai Series ) is the name given to the long running Japanese superhero team genre of shows produced by Toei Company Ltd. ... Transformer or Transformers may refer to: Transformer, an electrical device Transformer (album), Lou Reeds 1972 rock album Transformers (myth) of Pacific Northwest native myth The fictional Transformers Universe: Transformers (toyline), a line of toys Transformers category in Wikipedia Transformers Universes Transformers series, television series Transformers (original cartoon) (Aired from... Toys R Us (often typeset as Toys Я Us to fit their logo) is a toy store chain based in the United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. ... Sogo Kobe Department Store Sogo Co. ... Large crowds of shoppers can be seen in Causeway Bay. ... Hello Kitty by Sanrio. ...

Cinema

Domestic movies in the late 80s would put Hong Kong cinema on the international map. Jackie Chan was recognized for his acrobatic displays and his stunt team. Chow Yun-Fat, while having been known for his TV drama performances. His collaboration with John Woo set the de facto standard for triad films in A Better Tomorrow. The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the three major threads in the history of Chinese language cinema, alongside the cinema of China, and the cinema of Taiwan. ... Chan Kong-Sang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), also known as Jackie Chan Sing Lung (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) or Jackie Chan SBS, (born on April 7, 1954) is a Chinese martial artist, action star, actor, director, screenwriter, film producer, singer and stunt performer. ... The Jackie Chan Stunt Team (Sing Ga Ban), also known as Jackie Chans Stuntmen Association is a group of stuntmen and martial artists who work alongside Jackie Chan. ... Chow Yun-Fat (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) (born May 18, 1955 on Lamma Island, Hong Kong, China) is a Hong Kong actor. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A Better Tomorrow (英雄本色; pinyin: yīngxióng běnsè, Cantonese: ying1 hung4 bun2 sik1; literally True Colors of a Hero) is a 1986 Hong Kong action movie which had a profound influence on the Hong Kong movie-making industry, and later on an international scale. ...

Natural disasters

In 1983, Typhoon Ellen came to Hong Kong and caused extensive damage, forcing the hoisting of Hurricane Signal No. 10. 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1983 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. ... Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals (Traditional Chinese: ) or informally typhoon signals (颱風信號) are a set of signals used in Hong Kong to indicate the threat or effects of a tropical cyclone. ...

Politics

In response to China's Tiananmen Square protests on May 27th, 1989, over 300,000 people gathered at Victoria park for a gathering called "Democratic songs dedicated for China". Many famous Hong Kong and Taiwan artists performed and expressed their support for the students in Beijing. The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 were a series of demonstrations led by students, intellectuals, and labour activists in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) between April 15, 1989 and June 4, 1989. ... Several places are named Victoria Park, most of which are named for Queen Victoria: In Australia: Victoria Park, Adelaide, South Australia Victoria Park, Western Australia Victoria Park, New South Wales Victoria Park Nature Reserve, New South Wales Victoria Park railway station, Melbourne, Victoria. ... Beijing (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; IPA: ;  ), a metropolis in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

Economy

Manufacture

North Point, 1989

In the early 1980s younger Hong Kong workers began avoiding the manufacturing industry entirely. The lack of rejuvenation along with China's economic reform began opening up manufacturing to the mainland. Middle-aged men and women who spent the past decades in manufacturing were suddenly left with no place to go. The industry in Hong Kong peaked in 1989 with textiles and clothing exports counting up to 50% of domestic exports valued at USD $11 billion^[6]. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... North Point (北角; Min Nan: Pak-kak, Jyutping: bak1 gok3; Cantonese IPA: ) is an area of Hong Kong, located in the northern part of Hong Kong Island. ... The 1980s refers to the period where corey sucks peters and has a not little to look at his little penis of and between 1980 and 1989. ... Chinese Economic Reform (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) refers to the program of economic changes called Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the mainland of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) that were started in 1978 by pragmatists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping and are ongoing... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Indian Ocean Territory,[1] the British Virgin Islands, Cambodia, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 2. ...

Real Estate

In 1960 Hong Kong Technical College and Hong Kong Polytechnic University was one of the first schools to offer real estate education, but the curriculum was considered a sub program. 21 years later, the University of Hong Kong became the first institution to be accredited by the RICS in 1981. It was the first step in connecting real estate education and the industry itself^[7]. By 1983, 61% of capital investments belonged to the real estate sector. The amount of money entering the communities for infrastructure expenses in the 1980s eclipsed the sum of all real estate investments from 1940 to 1979^[8]. An up-to-date understanding of the industry along with the high density population provided many with the opportunity to capitalize on realty sales. Areas like Lan Kwai Fong were improving at the time and became an "alternative" or "open" avenue to attract people who wanted things different^[9]. If construction wasn't open before, many areas found themselves redeveloping. 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... The University of Hong Kong (HKU ; Chinese: 香港大學; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 daai6 hok6; Mandarin Pinyin: ), is the oldest and most prestigious tertiary institution in Hong Kong. ... HK Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) (Traditional Chinese: ) is located in Hung Hom, Hong Kong, right next to the Hung Hom KCR station and the Kowloon side of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel. ... The University of Hong Kong (HKU ; Chinese: 香港大學; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 daai6 hok6; Mandarin Pinyin: ), is the oldest and most prestigious tertiary institution in Hong Kong. ... The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) is a professional body representing and regulating property professionals and surveyors of all types. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... Lan Kwai Fongs bars spread to DAguilar Street Lan Kwai Fong (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a small square of streets in Central, Central and Western district, Hong Kong. ...

Finance

The lack of foreign exchange control and low tax contributed to the competitiveness of Hong Kong's economy. Though a floating rate, coupled with panic about the intensified political talk of the handover sent consumer confidence to an all-time low causing Black Saturday in 1983. The end result is that Hong Kong adopted a linked exchange rate system. The exchange rate between Hong Kong dollar and United States dollar was fixed at HKD $7.8 = US $1. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority's exchange fund was responsible for keeping the market rate stable^[10]. In the short period from just a decade ago, inflation would also increase from a rate of 5% in the 1970s to 12.7% by 1983^[11]. Black Saturday (September 24, 1983) is the name given to the crisis when Hong Kong dollar was at an all time low exchange rate. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A linked exchange rate system is a type of exchange rate regime to link the exchange rate of a currency to another. ... ISO 4217 Code HKD User(s) Hong Kong Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Indian Ocean Territory,[1] the British Virgin Islands, Cambodia, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 2. ... The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (Traditional Chinese: 香港金融管理局) or HKMA (金管局) in short is a government authority founded on 1st April 1993 in Hong Kong from the consolidation of the Office of the Exchange Fund and the Office of the Commissioner of Banking. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, In the Western world, the focus shifted from the social activism of the sixties to social activities for ones own pleasure, save for environmentalism, which continued in a very visible way. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References