Encyclopedia > 1984 Argentina and Chile Peace and Friendship Treaty
The 1984 Argentina and Chile Peace and Friendship Treaty (Spanish: Tratado de Paz y Amistad) was a agreement signed in 1984 between Argentina and Chile over the possession of the Picton, Lennox and Nueva islands and sea located south of Tierra del Fuego resolving a serious border conflict between the two countries. 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Map of Picton, Lennox and Nueva Picton, Lennox and Nueva is a group of three uninhabited islands (and their islets) located on the extreme south of South America, in the Chilean region Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena, near Navarino island and the southern coast of Isla Grande de Tierra...
Tierra del Fuego (Spanish: Land of Fire) is an archipelago at the southernmost tip of South America. ...
 Map of Picton, Lennox and Nueva Image File history File links Largely self-made, using www. ...
Image File history File links Largely self-made, using www. ...
Background
With a strategic location south of the Beagle Channel and with a congruent maritime extension of 30,000 square miles, including fishing and mineral (presumibly oil), and possible Antarctic Peninsula rights, the zone had been in contention since the early 1800s colonial period when both Argentina and Chile emancipated from Spain. Although, first agreement to limit weapons acquisitions was from 1902, both countries had still near other 50 places in dispute along their common border of 5.308 kilometres, one of the longest of the world, making the relations between them very cold. Sea lions on La Isla de Los Lobos in the Beagle Channel Glacier on the north shore of the Beagle Channel Beagle Channel is a strait separating islands of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, in extreme southern South America. ...
Antarctic Peninsula map Booth Island and Mount Scott flank the narrow Lemaire Channel on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula. ...
1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Escalation Often negotiated, the Beagle Channel issue went finally to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 1971 and to arbitration by Britain's Queen Elizabeth II. On May 2, 1977 the queen ruled that the islands and all adjacent formations belonged to Chile. Argentina disputed the decision and sought bilateral negotiations. In July each side protested territorial buoys placed by the other. Without an official border delimitation, both countries repeatedly violated air and maritime spaces. Bilateral negotiations failed. On 25 January 1978 Argentina declared the award fundamentally null and soon relations became extremely tense. Two bilateral commissions, seeking a solution, accomplished little. Chile asked for ICJ mediation; Argentina sought continued negotiation. Peace Palace, seat of the ICJ. The International Court of Justice (known colloquially as the World Court or ICJ; French: Cour internationale de justice) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. ...
1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ...
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor), (born on 21 April 1926), is Queen of sixteen independent nations known as the Commonwealth Realms. ...
For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...
1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ...
 The two countries positions around the three islands can be seen on this map Both countries made important military deployements moving to the brink of open warfare. On December 9 1978, Argentina sent a naval squadron to the Beagle Channel region. Chile followed suit. Both Armies concentrate large troops on the border. Both prepared for war. Download high resolution version (1009x805, 135 KB)A map of the Straits of Magellan. ...
Download high resolution version (1009x805, 135 KB)A map of the Straits of Magellan. ...
In what had became known as the last minute call before invasion, Venezuelan President Carlos Andrés Pérez called President of the United States Jimmy Carter and Carter called Pope John Paul II. Perez during his first presidency Carlos Andrés Pérez RodrÃguez (born October 27, 1922), best known as CAP was President of Venezuela from 1974 to 1979 and again from 1989 to 1993. ...
For the submarine, see USS Jimmy Carter (SSN-23). ...
The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the head of the Catholic Church. ...
Official papal image of John Paul II. His Holiness Pope John Paul II, né Karol Józef Wojtyła (born May 18, 1920 in Wadowice, Poland), is the current Pope — the Bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church. ...
On December 11, Pope John Paul II sent a personal message to both presidents urging a peaceful solution. War preparations continued as did diplomatic efforts to avert hostilities. Argentina complained to the United Nations; Chile asked the Organization of American States to convene. On December 21, Chile accepted the Pope's mediation. Argentina did so the next day. They will allow the Pope to mediate the dispute through the good offices of Antonio Cardinal Samoré, his special envoy. United Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
The Organization of American States (OAS; OEA in the other three official languages) is an international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., USA. Its members are the 35 independent nations of the Americas. ...
Antonio Samoré was a Catholic Cardinal. ...
On January 9, 1979 the Act of Montevideo was signed pledging both sides to a peaceful solution and a return to the military situation of early 1977. This page refers to the year 1979. ...
There were several treaties signed in Montevideo. ...
Solution On 1982, Argentina gone to war against the United Kingdom in the Falklands/Malvinas War and again both countries made great military deployments in their common border. 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), was an effective state of war in 1982 between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands (also known in Spanish as the Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. ...
No significant reduction in tensions occurred until the democratic government of Raúl Alfonsín took office in Argentina in December 1983. Raúl Ricardo AlfonsÃn (born 13 March 1927) is an Argentine politician, who was the President of Argentina from 10 December 1983 to 9 July 1989. ...
1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Still isolated of the World due the Falklands crisis, the Alfonsin administration made great efforts to stabilized the foreign front. Finally, on January 23, 1984 Argentina and Chile signed a Treaty of Peace and Friendship at Vatican City giving the islands to Chile but most maritime rights to Argentina. Map with current borders 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Treaty includes also the limitation of the Strait of Magellan. The Strait of Magellan, near Punta Arenas The Strait of Magellan is a navigable route immediately south of mainland South America. ...
Alfonsin call for a national plebiscite and after 80 per cent of the Argentine electorate voted to accept the Vatican-mediated compromise, a protocol of agreement to a treaty was signed on October 18, 1984.
The Treaty was ratified by Argentina on March 14, 1985 and by Chile on April 12. This article is about the year. ...
Aftermath In spite of having a common history when they fought together for their independence and the other neighbouring countries (please check José de San Martín and Bernardo O'Higgins for further reading), Argentina and Chile had suffer very difficult moments in their relations during the twenty century but fortunely without a war. José Francisco de San MartÃn (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850) was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the successful struggle for independence from Spain of the southern nations of South America. ...
Bernardo OHiggins Riquelme (August 20, 1778 – October 24, 1842), South American Independentist leader and first Chilean head of state (Supreme Director, 1817–23), commanded the military forces that won independence from Spain. ...
On the 1990s, under the presidency of Carlos Menem in Argentina and Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle in Chile, they had been resolved all the remaining disputes ( like Laguna del Desierto ) and both countries begun a strong integration in economic and military aspects. The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ...
Carlos Saúl Menem (born July 2, 1930) was President of Argentina from July 8, 1989 to December 10, 1999 for the Justicialist Party (Peronist). ...
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (born June 24, 1942) was President of Chile from 1994 to 2000. ...
Economics (deriving from the Greek words οίκω [okos], house, and νÎμω [nemo], rules hence household management) is the social science that studies the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. ...
Cultural impact 2005 Chilean movie Mi mejor enemigo (English: My best enemy) 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
See also In recent years, Argentina has had a strong partnership with the United States. ...
Since its return to democracy in 1990, Chile has been an active participant in the international political arena. ...
The armed forces of Argentina are controlled by the Commander-in-Chief (the President) and a civilian Minister of Defense. ...
Chiles armed forces are subject to civilian control exercised by the president through the Minister of Defense. ...
References
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