The year 1986 in science and technology observed many events, some of which are included in the list below. For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ... Technology ( Gr. ...

Astronomy and space exploration

• January 24 - Voyager 2 space probe makes first encounter with Uranus
• January 28 - Space Shuttle Challenger explodes on launch, killing all seven astronauts aboard.
• February 19 - The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station
• March 8 - Japanese spacecraft Suisei flies by Halley's Comet, studying its UV hydrogen corona and solar wind.

January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Categories: Jupiter | Saturn | Uranus | Neptune | NASA probes | Astronomy stubs ... Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 120 kPa Hydrogen 83% Helium 15% Methane 1. ... January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Shuttle Orbiter Challenger (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-99) was a Space Shuttle orbiter. ... February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... This article is about Mir, the Soviet space station. ... A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live on in outer space. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... Suisei spacecraft Suisei (PLANET-A) (すいせい PLANET-A) was a Japanese space probe sent to study Comet Halley. ... Comet Halley as taken with the Halley Multicolor Camera on the ESA Giotto mission. ...

Biology

• May: First reported methods for constructing a monoclonal antibody containing parts from mouse and human antibodies, a required first step toward the development of humanized antibodies used later as medical therapeutics (such as Infliximab).^{[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_in_science#fn_antibody2)}

1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are antibodies that are identical because they were produced by one type of immune cell, all clones of a single parent cell. ... Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are antibodies that are identical because they were produced by one type of immune cell, all clones of a single parent cell. ... Infliximab (Remicade®) is a powerful drug used to treat auto-immune disorders like Crohns disease and rheumatoid arthritis. ...

Computer science

• April 3 - IBM unveils the PC Convertible, the first laptop computer.

April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, or colloquially, Big Blue) (NYSE: IBM) (incorporated June 15, 1911, in operation since 1888) is headquartered in Armonk, New York, USA. The company manufactures and sells computer hardware, software, and services. ... The IBM PC Convertible, released April 3, 1986, was IBMs first laptop computer and was also the first IBM computer to utilize the now-standard 3. ... Laptop with touchpad. ... The tower of a personal computer (specifically a Power Mac G5). ...

Medicine

• FDA approval of the first monoclonal antibody drug, Muronomab-CD3 (also known as Orthoclone OKT3), for treatment of transplant rejection.^{[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_in_science#fn_antibody)}

The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ... Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are antibodies that are identical because they were produced by one type of immune cell, all clones of a single parent cell. ... Transplant rejection is a process by which the immune system of the recipient of a transplant attacks the transplanted organ or tissue. ...

Awards

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics - Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer
  • Chemistry - Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi
  • Medicine - Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini
• Turing Award - John Hopcroft, Robert Tarjan
• Wollaston Medal for Geology - Claude Jean Allègre

The Nobel Prizes (pronounced no-BELL or no-bell) are awarded annually to people who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (December 25, 1906–May 25, 1988) was a German physicist. ... Gerd Binnig (born 1947) is a German-born physicist who shared with Heinrich Rohrer half of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics for their invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). ... Heinrich Rohrer (born 1933) is a Swiss physicist who, with Gerd Binnig, received half of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to the present day. ... Dudley Robert Herschbach (born June 18, 1932), a chemist and Frank B. Baird Jr. ... Lee Yuan-tseh was a scientist at LBNL when he won his Nobel Prize in 1986. ... John Charles Polanyi (born January 23, 1929) is a German/Canadian chemist. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... Stanley Cohen (born November 17, 1922) is an American-born doctor and Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986). ... Rita Levi-Montalcini (born April 22, 1909) is an Italian-American neurologist who, together with colleague Stanley Cohen, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of growth factors. ... The A.M. Turing Award is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to a person selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. ... John Hopcroft John E. Hopcroft (born October 7, 1939) is a renowned theoretical computer scientist and the grandson of Jacob Nist, founder of the Seattle Box Company. ... Robert Endre Tarjan (born April 30, 1948 in Pomona, California) is a renowned computer scientist. ... The Wollaston Medal is a scientific award for geology, the highest award granted by the Geological Society of London. ... Claude (Jean) Allègre (born March 31, 1937) is a French geochemist and politician. ...

Births

Deaths

• January 28 - Crew of Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-51-L:
  • Francis R. Scobee (b. 1939)
  • Michael J. Smith (b. 1945)
  • Judith Resnik (b. 1949)
  • Ellison Onizuka (b. 1946)
  • Ronald McNair (b. 1950)
  • Greg Jarvis (b. 1944)
  • Christa McAuliffe (b. 1948)
• Zhang Yuzhe (b. 1902), Chinese astronomer.

January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Shuttle Orbiter Challenger (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-99) was a Space Shuttle orbiter. ... STS-51-L was the 25th launch of a Space Shuttle and the tenth launch of the Challenger. ... Dick Scobee Francis Richard Dick Scobee (May 19, 1939 - January 28, 1986) was an American astronaut who died commanding the Space Shuttle Challenger, which suffered catastrophic booster failure during launch of the STS-51-L mission. ... See also: Other events of 1939 List of years in science . ... Michael John Smith (April 30, 1945 - January 28, 1986) was an American astronaut, pilot of the Space Shuttle Challenger when it exploded because of booster failure on the STS-51-L mission. ... See also: Other events of 1945 List of years in science . ... Judith Resnik Judith Arlene Resnik (April 5, 1949 - January 28, 1986) was an astronaut who died in the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion during the launch of the mission STS-51-L. Born in Akron, Ohio, Resnik, who was Jewish, received a B.S. in electrical engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University... See also: Other events of 1949 List of years in science . ... Ellison Shoji Onizuka (June 24, 1946 - January 28, 1986) was an American astronaut from Hawaii who died during the explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger, where he was serving as mission specialist on mission STS-51-L. Onizuka received a Bachelors degree in aerospace engineering in June 1969, and... See also: Other events of 1946 List of years in science . ... Ronald McNair Ronald Erwin McNair (October 21, 1950 - January 28, 1986) was one of the astronauts killed in the launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger, mission STS-51-L. He was a native of Lake City, South Carolina. ... See also: Other events of 1950 List of years in science . ... Gregory Jarvis Gregory Bruce Jarvis (August 24, 1944 - January 28 - 1986) was an American astronaut who died during the explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-51-L, where he was serving as payload specialist. ... See also: Other events of 1944 List of years in science . ... Christa McAuliffe Sharon Christa McAuliffe (September 2, 1948 _ January 28, 1986) was an American teacher and astronaut from New Hampshire who died in the explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger on STS-51-L. She was born Sharon Christa Corrigan in Boston, Massachusetts. ... See also: Other events of 1948 List of years in science . ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... See also: Other events of 1902 List of years in science . ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

References

1. Jones P.T.; Dear P.H.; Foote J.; Neuberger M.S.; and Winter G. (1986). Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse. Nature 321(6069), 522-525. PMID 3713831.
2. Waldman, Thomas A. (2003). Immunotherapy: past, present and future (http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v9/n3/full/nm0303-269.html&filetype=pdf). Nature Medicine 9, 269-277.