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PRQ98 (7444 words) |
 | Canadian courts have generally been sympathetic to plans that insure representation of geographic "communities of interest", even when this has meant overrepresentation of rural areas and underrepresentation of urban areas. |
| In time periods where an incumbent candidate running did have an effect, the effects went from a modest 4-5 percent to a more substantial 15 percent greater probability that a woman was elected if no incumbent was running. |
| Canadian provinces and U.S. states where women have done well in the past tend to be where they continue to do well. |
| Center for the Study of Democracy, UC Irvine (8560 words) |
| Political authorities are the incumbents of political office, or in a broader sense the pool of political elites from which government leaders are drawn. |
| When incumbents lose favor, they are replaced by new political figures who restore public confidence at least temporarily--this is the nature of democratic politics. |
| In summary, contemporary publics are dissatisfied with the incumbents of office and even with the political institutions of representative democracy, but these feelings of dissatisfaction have apparently not (yet) affected basic support for the political system and the values of the democratic process. |
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