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The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on October 17, 1989, in the greater San Francisco Bay Area in California at 5:04 p.m. local time and measured 6.9 on the Moment magnitude scale (surface-wave magnitude 7.1). It occurred during the 1989 World Series, which happened to match up the Bay Area's two Major League Baseball teams, the Oakland Athletics against the San Francisco Giants. The earthquake lasted for 15 seconds. Its epicenter was at geographical coordinates 37.04° N 121.88° W south-southwest of Loma Prieta Peak in the unincorporated area of Aptos. This location, in the Santa Cruz Mountains' Forest of Nisene Marks State Park, is about ten miles (16 km) northeast of the city of Santa Cruz, California. The focus point was at a depth of 16.79 km, or 10 miles. October 17 is the 290th (in leap years the 291st) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. ...
1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
USGS Satellite photo of the San Francisco Bay Area. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
The moment magnitude scale was introduced in 1979 by Tom Hanks and Hiroo Kanamori as a successor to the Richter scale and is used by seismologists to compare the energy released by earthquakes. ...
Major League Baseball (MLB) is the highest level of play in professional baseball in the world. ...
Major league affiliations American League (1901-present) West Division (1969-present) Current uniform Ballpark McAfee Coliseum (1968-present) Major league titles World Series titles (9) 1989 • 1974 • 1973 • 1972 1930 • 1929 • 1913 • 1911 1910 AL Pennants (15) 1990 • 1989 • 1988 • 1974 1973 • 1972 • 1931 • 1930 1929 • 1914 • 1913 • 1911 1910...
Major league affiliations National League (1883-present) West Division (1969-present) Current uniform Ballpark AT&T Park (2000-present) Major league titles World Series titles (5) 1954 • 1933 • 1922 • 1921 1905 NL Pennants (20) 2002 • 1989 • 1962 • 1954 1951 • 1937 • 1936 • 1933 1924 • 1923 • 1922 • 1921 1917 • 1913 • 1912 • 1911...
An earthquake is a phenomenon that results from and is powered by the sudden release of stored energy that radiates seismic waves. ...
The epicenter is directly above the earthquakes focus. ...
The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on October 17, 1989 in the greater San Francisco Bay Area in California at 5:04 pm local time and measured 7. ...
In United States law, a region of land is unincorporated if it is not a part of any municipality. ...
Aptos is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California, United States. ...
The Santa Cruz Mountains, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, are a mountain range in central California. ...
The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park is a state park located in California. ...
Santa Cruz is the county seat of Santa Cruz County, California, United States. ...
 Portion of the collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct, Interstate 880, in Oakland. The Loma Prieta was a major earthquake, and caused severe damage as far as 70 miles (110 km) away from its epicenter; most notably in San Francisco, Oakland, the San Francisco Peninsula, and in areas closer to the epicenter in the communities of Santa Cruz, the Monterey Bay, Watsonville, and Los Gatos. Most of the major property damage in the more distant areas resulted from liquefaction of soil used over the years to fill in the waterfront and then built upon. USGS photo from 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. ...
USGS photo from 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. ...
Nickname: The City by the Bay; Fog City Location of the City and County of San Francisco, California Coordinates: City-County San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom (D) Area - City 600. ...
Oakland, founded in 1852, is a major American city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California in the United States. ...
USGS Satellite photo of the San Francisco Bay Area. ...
Santa Cruz is the county seat of Santa Cruz County, California, United States. ...
A view of Monterey Bay Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean, on the coast of California, south of San Francisco. ...
Watsonville is a city located in Santa Cruz County, California. ...
Nickname: Motto: Official website: http://www. ...
Soil Liquefaction is the process by which saturated, unconsolidated soil or sand is converted into a suspension. ...
Science, effects and response
The magnitude and distance of the earthquake from the severe damage to the north were surprising to geotechnologists. Subsequent analysis indicates that the damage was likely due to reflected seismic waves - the reflection from well-known deep (about 15 miles) discontinuities in the Earth's gross structure. Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and logos = word) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth. ...
A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space, often transferring energy. ...
 Collapsed E9 pier of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, Interstate 80. There were at least 63 deaths (some say 66) and 3,757 injuries as a result of this earthquake. The highest concentration of fatalities, 42, occurred in the collapse of the Cypress Street Viaduct on the Nimitz Freeway (Interstate 880), where a double-decker portion of the freeway collapsed, crushing the cars on the lower deck. One 50-foot (15 m) section of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge also collapsed, causing two cars to fall to the deck below, leading to the single fatality on the bridge. The bridge was closed for repairs for a month and one day, reopening on November 18. While the bridge was closed, ridership on Bay Area Rapid Transit and ferry services soared, along with traffic levels on nearby bridges such as the Richmond-San Rafael and the Golden Gate. Image File history File links Bay_Bridge_collapse. ...
Image File history File links Bay_Bridge_collapse. ...
Portion of the collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct after the Loma Prieta Earthquake The collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct seen from ground-level. ...
Interstate 880 is a regional bypass interstate highway in the Bay Area metropolitan area of Northern California. ...
JUNCTION POSTMILE SR-17 SCL 0. ...
The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (, ; known locally as the Bay Bridge) is a toll bridge which spans the San Francisco Bay and links the Californian cities of Oakland and San Francisco in the United States. ...
November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar with 43 days remaining. ...
The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART) is a public rapid-transit system that serves parts of the San Francisco Bay Area, including the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Daly City, Richmond, Fremont, Hayward, Walnut Creek, and Concord. ...
The Richmond-San Rafael Bridge is the northernmost of the east-west crossings of the San Francisco Bay in California, USA, connecting Richmond on the east to San Rafael on the west end. ...
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening into the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. ...
After the 1906 earthquake much of the rubble was bulldozed into San Francisco Bay. This reclaimed land was built upon and was extremely unstable. In the Loma Prieta earthquake many buildings on this reclaimed land were destroyed.
Because this quake occurred during the evening rush hour, there could have been a large number of cars on the freeways at the time, which on the Cypress Street Viaduct could have endangered many hundreds of commuters. Very fortunately, and in an unusual convergence of events, the two local Major League Baseball teams (the Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants) were about to start their third game of the World Series (the game was scheduled to start shortly after 5:30 p.m.). Many people had left work early or were participating in early after-work group viewings and parties. As a consequence, the usually crowded highways were experiencing exceptionally light traffic at the time. Not taking this into account, initial media reports pegged the death toll at 300, a number that was corrected in the days after the earthquake. [1] Rush hour at Tokyo Station, Yamanote Line A rush hour is a part of the day with busy traffic and hence traffic congestion on the roads and crowded public transport; normally the two periods in a day when people are travelling to or from work or school. ...
Portion of the collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct after the Loma Prieta Earthquake The collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct seen from ground-level. ...
Major League Baseball (MLB) is the highest level of play in professional baseball in the world. ...
Major league affiliations American League (1901-present) West Division (1969-present) Current uniform Ballpark McAfee Coliseum (1968-present) Major league titles World Series titles (9) 1989 • 1974 • 1973 • 1972 1930 • 1929 • 1913 • 1911 1910 AL Pennants (15) 1990 • 1989 • 1988 • 1974 1973 • 1972 • 1931 • 1930 1929 • 1914 • 1913 • 1911 1910...
Major league affiliations National League (1883-present) West Division (1969-present) Current uniform Ballpark AT&T Park (2000-present) Major league titles World Series titles (5) 1954 • 1933 • 1922 • 1921 1905 NL Pennants (20) 2002 • 1989 • 1962 • 1954 1951 • 1937 • 1936 • 1933 1924 • 1923 • 1922 • 1921 1917 • 1913 • 1912 • 1911...
For other events named World Series, see World Series (disambiguation). ...
Extensive damage also occurred in San Francisco's Marina District, where many expensive homes built on filled ground collapsed. Fires raged in some sections of the city as water mains broke. San Francisco's fireboat (the Phoenix) was used to pump salt water from San Francisco Bay through hoses dragged through streets by citizen volunteers. Power was cut to most of San Francisco and was not fully restored for several days. The fireboat Guardian was a gift of survivors of the Loma Prieta earthquake to supplement San Franciscos fireboat Phoenix. ...
Deaths in Santa Cruz occurred when brick storefronts and sidewalls in the historic downtown (what was then called the Pacific Garden Mall) tumbled down on people exiting the buildings. The Umbrella Man on Pacific Garden Mall Pacific Avenue (also known outside Santa Cruz as Pacific Garden Mall) in Santa Cruz, California is the cultural center of Santa Cruz. ...
The quake also caused an estimated $6 billion in property damage, the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history at the time. It was the largest earthquake to occur on the San Andreas Fault since the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Private donations poured in to aid relief efforts and on October 26, President George H.W. Bush signed a $3.45 billion earthquake relief package for California. View of the San Andreas Fault on the Carrizo Plain in central California The San Andreas Fault is a geological fault that runs a length of roughly 800 miles (1300 kilometres) through western and southern California in the United States. ...
Arnold Genthes famous photograph of San Francisco following the earthquake, looking towards the fire on Sacramento Street. ...
October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ...
George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States of America (1989–1993). ...
 USGS Satellite photo of the San Francisco Bay Area. Light gray areas are heavily urbanized regions
 Shake map for the Loma Prieta event from ABAG. Note that the high intensity areas skipped likely mid-peninsula and lower east-bay locations while strong in the San Francisco and Oakland- Richmond areas
Download high resolution version (770x800, 98 KB)Bay Area Satellite MAP from USGS File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Download high resolution version (770x800, 98 KB)Bay Area Satellite MAP from USGS File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Cropped and rescaled (left portion) version of public domain ABAG image, cropped for consistency with satellite image when shown at appropriate thumb size. ...
Cropped and rescaled (left portion) version of public domain ABAG image, cropped for consistency with satellite image when shown at appropriate thumb size. ...
The Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) is a regional planning agency incorporating various local governments in California. ...
This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...
Oakland, founded in 1852, is a major American city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California in the United States. ...
Nickname: The City of Pride and Purpose Coordinates , Government City Richmond Mayor Irma A. Anderson (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 136. ...
Transportation effects The Loma Prieta earthquake irrevocably changed the San Francisco Bay Area's transportation landscape. Not only did the quake force seismic retrofitting of all San Francisco Bay Area bridges, it caused enough damage that some parts of the region's freeway system had to be demolished. In some cases, the freeways in question had never been completed, terminating in mid-air; in that regard, the quake provided the impetus to deal with regional transportation problems that had gone largely unsolved for decades. Contributions of photographs are needed, yes!!!! Give us photographs!!!!! Seismic and seismic event refer to earthquakes, motions of the ground that can be hazardous to the occupants of buildings and the security and utility of structures such as bridges and tunnels. ...
USGS Satellite photo of the San Francisco Bay Area. ...
- San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, Interstate 80: The Bay Bridge was repaired and reopened to traffic in just one month's time. However, the earthquake made it clear that the Bay Bridge, like many of California's toll bridges, required major repair or replacement, for long-term viability and safety. Construction on a replacement for the eastern span would not begin, however, until January 29, 2002. As of 2005, news accounts estimate that the project will not be completed by 2011 due to the California budget crisis. (For discussion, see also San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge).
- Cypress Street Viaduct/Nimitz Freeway, Interstate 880: The double-decked Cypress Street Viaduct, Interstate 880 was demolished soon after the earthquake, and was not rebuilt until July 1997. The rebuilt highway was a single- rather than double-decker structure, and was re-routed around the outskirts of West Oakland, rather than bisecting it, as the Cypress Street Viaduct did. The former route of the Cypress Street Viaduct was reopened as the Mandela Parkway.
- Embarcadero Freeway, Interstate 480: The earthquake forced the closure and demolition of San Francisco's largely unloved Embarcadero Freeway (Interstate 480); this demolition opened up San Francisco's Embarcadero waterfront to new development. The concrete freeway, which ran right along San Francisco's waterfront and had never been completed, was replaced with a ground-level boulevard.
- Southern Freeway, Interstate 280: Seismic damage also forced the long-term closure of Interstate 280 in San Francisco (north of US-101), another concrete freeway which had never been completed to its originally planned route. The highway remained closed for seven years, with its repair facing numerous delays.
- Central Freeway, U.S. Route 101: San Francisco's Central Freeway (part of US 101 and a key link to the Bay Bridge skyway) was another concrete double-deck structure which faced demolition due to safety concerns. Originally terminating at Franklin Street near San Francisco's Civic Center, the section past Fell Street was demolished first, then later the section between Mission and Fell Streets. The section from Mission Street to Market Street was rebuilt (completed September 2005) as a single-deck elevated freeway, touching down at Market Street and feeding into Octavia Boulevard, a ground-level urban parkway carrying traffic to and from the major San Francisco traffic arterials that the old elevated freeway used to connect to directly, including Fell and Oak Streets (which serve the city's western neighborhoods) and Franklin and Gough Streets (which serve northern neighborhoods and the Golden Gate Bridge).
- California State Route 17: The mountain highway was closed for about 1 month due to landslide. The highway is very close to the epicenter and it crosses the San Andreas Fault.
- California State Route 1: In Watsonville, the Struve Slough bridge collapsed on itself with concrete/steel support columns punching through the bridge deck like toothpicks. The highway was closed for several months until it could be demolished and rebuilt.
- Bay Area Rapid Transit: The BART rail system, which hauled commuters between the East Bay and San Francisco via the Transbay Tube, was virtually undamaged and only closed for post-earthquake inspection. As one of the few ways into San Francisco in the days following the earthquake, ridership increased by 90,000 in the week after the earthquake (from 218,000 to 308,000).
- Transbay Ferries: Ferry service between San Francisco and Oakland, which had ended decades before, was revived during the month-long closure of the Bay Bridge as an alternative to the overcrowded BART. Alameda was a third terminal. The passenger-only service proved popular and still continues as of 2006, with a more recent extension to Vallejo on San Pablo Bay.
The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (, ; known locally as the Bay Bridge) is a toll bridge which spans the San Francisco Bay and links the Californian cities of Oakland and San Francisco in the United States. ...
Route across the United States Interstate 80 (abbreviated I-80) is the second-longest Interstate Highway in the United States. ...
January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...
The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (, ; known locally as the Bay Bridge) is a toll bridge which spans the San Francisco Bay and links the Californian cities of Oakland and San Francisco in the United States. ...
Portion of the collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct after the Loma Prieta Earthquake The collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct seen from ground-level. ...
Interstate 880 is a regional bypass interstate highway in the Bay Area metropolitan area of Northern California. ...
Interstate 880 is a regional bypass interstate highway in the Bay Area metropolitan area of Northern California. ...
Portion of the collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct after the Loma Prieta Earthquake The collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct seen from ground-level. ...
JUNCTION POSTMILE SR-17 SCL 0. ...
West Oakland is a neighborhood in Oakland, California. ...
Portion of the collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct after the Loma Prieta Earthquake The collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct seen from ground-level. ...
Portion of the collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct after the Loma Prieta Earthquake The collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct seen from ground-level. ...
Section of the Embarcadero Freeway in front of the Ferry Building during demolition The Embarcadero Freeway was a freeway in San Francisco. ...
Section of the Embarcadero Freeway in front of the Ferry Building during demolition The Embarcadero Freeway was a freeway in San Francisco. ...
Section of the Embarcadero Freeway in front of the Ferry Building during demolition The Embarcadero Freeway was a freeway in San Francisco. ...
The Embarcaderos Ferry Building The Embarcadero is the name given the eastern waterfront of San Francisco, California, along San Francisco Bay. ...
JUNCTION POSTMILE US-101 SCL 0. ...
JUNCTION POSTMILE US-101 SCL 0. ...
The Central Freeway is a roughly one-mile elevated freeway in San Francisco, California, running west from Interstate_80, part of which is signed as US Highway 101. ...
Highway 101 redirects here. ...
Looking south along Octavia Boulevard from Fell Street, where the Central Freeway once was. ...
JUNCTION MILE POST I-880 SCL 13. ...
Landslide of soil and regolith in Pakistan A landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows. ...
View of the San Andreas Fault on the Carrizo Plain in central California The San Andreas Fault is a geological fault that runs a length of roughly 800 miles (1300 kilometres) through western and southern California in the United States. ...
State Route 1, often called Highway 1, is a state highway that runs along a large length of the Pacific coast of California. ...
The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART) is a public rapid-transit system that serves parts of the San Francisco Bay Area, including the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Daly City, Richmond, Fremont, Hayward, Walnut Creek, and Concord. ...
This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...
The Transbay Tube is a tunnel used by BART that runs under the San Francisco Bay in California and is the longest underwater tunnel for rapid transit in the world. ...
The Pride of Rotterdam, One of the P&O Ferriess Flagships operating the Hull-Rotterdam Route A ferry is a boat or a ship carrying passengers, and sometimes their vehicles, on scheduled services. ...
Nickname: The Island City Location in the state of California and Alameda County County Alameda Mayor Beverly Johnson (D) Area - City 59. ...
2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Vallejo is a city in Solano County, California, United States. ...
San Pablo Bay is a shallow tidal estuary that forms the northern extension of San Francisco Bay in northern California in the United States. ...
The earthquake had been "predicted" in the morning edition of The San Jose Mercury News in a column by Kevin Cowherd (of The Baltimore Sun). He was discussing the fact that the Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants were playing each other in the 1989 World Series at Candlestick Park that day. The quote from his column read: "... these are two teams from California and God only knows if they'll even get all the games in. An earthquake could rip through the Bay Area before they sing the national anthem for Game 3,"— which was precisely when the quake occurred. The 1989 World Series was played between the Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants, and is best remembered for the earthquake which caused a 10-day interruption in play. ...
The Mercs sections vary by day of the week, but Business, Sports, and The Valley are standard daily fare. ...
The Sun is the major newspaper in Baltimore, Maryland, with a daily press run of 247,193 copies and a Sunday run of 418,670 copies (9/30/05 Audit Bureau of Circulations report). ...
Major league affiliations American League (1901-present) West Division (1969-present) Current uniform Ballpark McAfee Coliseum (1968-present) Major league titles World Series titles (9) 1989 • 1974 • 1973 • 1972 1930 • 1929 • 1913 • 1911 1910 AL Pennants (15) 1990 • 1989 • 1988 • 1974 1973 • 1972 • 1931 • 1930 1929 • 1914 • 1913 • 1911 1910...
Major league affiliations National League (1883-present) West Division (1969-present) Current uniform Ballpark AT&T Park (2000-present) Major league titles World Series titles (5) 1954 • 1933 • 1922 • 1921 1905 NL Pennants (20) 2002 • 1989 • 1962 • 1954 1951 • 1937 • 1936 • 1933 1924 • 1923 • 1922 • 1921 1917 • 1913 • 1912 • 1911...
The 1989 World Series was played between the Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants, and is best remembered for the earthquake which caused a 10-day interruption in play. ...
Monster Park (colloquially, The Stick or Candlestick, after its original name of Candlestick Park) is an outdoor sports and entertainment stadium located in the San Francisco Bay Area in California. ...
It is one of the few times that the onset of an earthquake of such magnitude had occurred during a live network television broadcast. The Series was being broadcast that year by U.S. television network ABC (the American Broadcasting Company). At the moment the quake struck, sportscaster Al Michaels was narrating taped highlights of the previous Series game. Viewers saw the video signal begin to break up, and heard Michaels exclaim, "You know what's happening -- we're having an earth--." At that moment the feed from Candlestick Park was lost. It was restored shortly thereafter and for a time Michaels (a native of the Bay Area), by virtue of his presence on the scene and the already existing video link, was ABC's main contact from San Francisco, feeding reports and commentary to anchorman Ted Koppel. Michaels was later nominated for an Emmy Award for these news broadcasts This article is about the American network, for the Australian network, see Australian Broadcasting Corporation The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is a television and radio network in the United States. ...
Alan Richard Michaels (born November 12, 1944 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American television sportscaster. ...
Bay Area is a common term to refer to a metropolitan area situated around a bay. ...
Photo by Bob DAmico/ABC Ted Koppel, anchor of the ABC News program Nightline. ...
An Emmy Award. ...
Alan Richard Michaels (born November 12, 1944 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American television sportscaster. ...
Fortunately, fewer than half of the 65,000+ fans had reached their seats, lessening the load on the structure of the stadium. There had also been a seismic strengthening project previously completed on the upper deck concrete windscreen. Fans reported that the stadium moved in an articulated manner as the earthquake wave passed through it, that the light standards swayed by many feet, and that the concrete upper deck windscreen moved in a wave-like manner over a distance of several feet. As soon as the shaking stopped, the assembled crowd, unaware of the tragic destruction just beginning to be revealed around the rest of the Bay Area, roared as loud as if a game-winning double had been hit. A few minutes later they yelled "Play Ball, Play Ball!" However, the game was called and the Series was postponed for 10 days. During this time, many Bay Area residents felt the Series should be canceled altogether out of respect for the lives lost and damage sustained, but the World Series was resumed.
After the shaking subsided, many of the players for both the Athletics and Giants immediately searched for and gathered family and friends from the stands (while still in full uniform) before evacuating the facility altogether.
KGO-TV, the local San Francisco television station of ABC (the national network broadcasting the game) was the first of the local Bay Area television network affiliates to cover the earthquake after the game was canceled (soon afterward, all of the major network stations broadcast continuously for several hours without interruption, providing live news reports and updates). KGO-TV (ABC7) is an owned-and-operated television station of The Walt Disney Company-owned ABC, based in San Francisco, California. ...
A television network is a distribution network for television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many television stations. ...
Because of the importance of the World Series as a national sporting event, many members of local, regional and national broadcast media were in attendance and would later broadcast their observations of the aftermath of the earthquake to their viewers.
Scientific precursors
Magnetic disturbances The Loma Prieta earthquake was preceded by significant disturbances in the background magnetic field strength nearby. Large increases in extremely low frequency field strength were observed about 7 kilometers from the epicenter, up to two weeks in advance of the actual event. The measurement instrument was a single-axis search-coil magnetometer that was being used for research on radio communications with submarines by Prof. Antony C. Fraser-Smith of Stanford University. Signal strengths 20 times higher than normal were observed on October 3rd, rising to 60 times normal about three hours before the earthquake. Current (I) flowing through a wire produces a magnetic field (B) around the wire. ...
Extremely low frequency (ELF) is the band of radio frequencies from 3 to 30 Hz. ...
A magnetometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the strength of magnetic fields. ...
USS Los Angeles A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ...
Stanford redirects here. ...
Geological data anomalies A prediction of the Loma Prieta earthquake, by retired geologist Jim Berkland of the U.S. Geological Survey, appeared in a newspaper article four days before the event. The article, entitled "Is 'World Series' Quake Coming?", was published in the Gilroy Dispatch on 13 October 1989. Jim Berkland, is a controversial retired Geologist who worked many years for the U.S. Geological Survey. ...
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. ...
October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years). ...
1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Berkland bases his predictions on anomalies in tidal information, gravitational data, animal behavior, and other unproven sources. [1] His theories and methods are controversial, and are considered unreliable by mainstream scientists.
External links
Seismology
Transportation - 15 Seconds That Changed San Francisco, San Francisco Chronicle, October 17, 2004. Overview with photographs; analysis of changes between 1989 and 2004.
October 17 is the 290th (in leap years the 291st) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Notes - ^ Cal Orey, The Man Who Predicts Earthquakes: Jim Berkland, Maverick Geologist--How His Quake Warnings Can Save Lives, (Sentient Publications), ISBN 1-59181-036-1.
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