NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 1991 Halloween Nor'easter

The 1991 Halloween Nor’easter, also known as the Perfect Storm, was an unusual nor’easter which was extratropical, absorbed one hurricane, and ultimately evolved into a small hurricane late in its life cycle. The unnamed hurricane of 1991 was the last tropical cyclone of the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season, and its 4^th hurricane. By November 2, Atlantic Canada experienced the effects of a landfalling tropical storm. Damage totals neared $1 billion (1991 USD) and deaths climbed to 12 people. Most of the damage occurred while the storm was extratropical. The hurricane was the second costliest storm of the season, behind only Hurricane Bob, which caused $1.5 billion (1991 USD, $2.1 billion 2005 USD) of damage. The Perfect Storm (ISBN 0-393-04016-X) is a non-fiction book written by Sebastian Junger and published by Little, Brown and Company in 1997. ... The Perfect Storm is a 2000 film adapted from the book of the same title by Sebastian Junger. ... The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a scale classifying most Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms, and thereby become hurricanes. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 564 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1600 Ã— 1700 pixel, file size: 704 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The NOAA emblem is the property of the U.S. Government and a trademark of the United States Department of Commerce. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Miles per hour is a unit of speed, expressing the number of international miles covered per hour. ... Kilometre per hour (American spelling: kilometer per hour) is a unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector). ... A millibar (mbar, also mb) is 1/1000th of a bar, a unit for measurement of pressure. ... HPA means Physiology Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis: The hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands work together to regulate hormone levels and maintain homeostasis. ... Inches of mercury or inHg is a non SI unit for pressure. ... â€œUSDâ€ redirects here. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... The four Canadian Atlantic provinces. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... Satellite image of the intense noreaster responsible for the North American blizzard of 2006. ... Extratropical is a term used in advisories and tropical summaries to indicate that a cyclone has lost its tropical characteristics. ... This article is about weather phenomena. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 1991. ...

[edit] Storm history

A low pressure system which initially formed in Indiana moved east-northeast into Atlantic Canada. By October 28, the system had become a deepening extratropical cyclone east of Nova Scotia. The system moved east-southeast and then curved to the west due to a blocking ridge in the far northern Atlantic. Hurricane Grace was swept aloft by its cold front into the warm conveyor belt circulation of the deep cyclone on October 29. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x633, 473 KB) Summary 1991 Atlantic hurricane 8 track. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x633, 473 KB) Summary 1991 Atlantic hurricane 8 track. ... A low, or a low pressure area, is a region of rising atmospheric air. ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area Ranked 38th - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 kmÂ²) - Width 140 miles (225 km) - Length 270 miles (435 km) - % water 1. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English, Canadian Gaelic Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Halloween Storm reached peak intensity at approximately 12:00 UTC 30 October 1991 with the lowest pressure being 972 millibars. This extratropical cyclone, with its associated high winds from the pressure gradient between the high to its northeast and its low pressure center, created large waves. NOAA buoy 44011 located at 41.1° N, 66.6° W reported maximum sustained winds of 49 knots (91 km/h) with gusts to 65 kt (120 km/h) and a significant wave height of 39 feet (12 m) near 15:00 UTC.^{[citation needed]} Buoy 44008 located at 40.5° N, 69.5° W reported maximum sustained winds of 53 kt with gusts to 63 kt (117 km/h) and a significant wave height of 31 ft (9 m) near 00:00 UTC on October 31.^{[citation needed]} Other, higher waves (such as the one shown in the film dramatization The Perfect Storm) of 100'+ height were reported by ships, but not confirmed by buoys. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2700 Ã— 2700 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2700 Ã— 2700 pixel, file size: 1. ... ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... A millibar (mbar, also mb) is 1/1000th of a bar, a unit for measurement of pressure. ... A fictitious synoptic chart of an extratropical cyclone affecting the UK & Ireland. ... A knot is a unit of speed abbreviated kt or kn. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Perfect Storm is a 2000 film adapted from the book of the same title by Sebastian Junger. ...

The core of the storm, which moved southwards, ended up over warmer Gulf Stream waters and began to develop the convection (thunderstorms, rain, etc.) of a tropical storm early on November 1. It later strengthened into a true hurricane, with minimum pressure of 980 mbar and sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h), making it a category 1 hurricane. Since the northeast of the United States had already received a pounding from the main storm, and the hurricane was forecast to remain offshore, it did not receive a name and is known as the Unnamed Hurricane of 1991. The hurricane continued to the northeast, and dissipated on November 2 after making landfall on Nova Scotia as a tropical storm with 50 (statute) mph (80 km/h) winds. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2400 Ã— 2400 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2400 Ã— 2400 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 Ã— 1200 pixel, file size: 364 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The NOAA emblem is the property of the U.S. Government and a trademark of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 Ã— 1200 pixel, file size: 364 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The NOAA emblem is the property of the U.S. Government and a trademark of the United States Department of Commerce. ... For the album by Ocean Colour Scene, see North Atlantic Drift (album) The Gulf Stream is orange and yellow in this representation of water temperatures of the Atlantic. ... Convection in the most general terms refers to the internal movement of currents within fluids (i. ... A thunderstorm, also called an electrical storm or lightning storm, is a form of weather characterized by the presence of lightning and its attendant thunder produced from a cumulonimbus cloud. ... This article is about precipitation. ... This article is about weather phenomena. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a scale classifying most Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms, and thereby become hurricanes. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English, Canadian Gaelic Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867...

[edit] Impact

The Halloween Storm of 1991 was costly; Walter Drag, Senior Forecaster at the Boston National Weather Service office, estimated the cost of the storm to be under 1 billion U.S. dollars. It caused 12 confirmed deaths; including 6 onboard the Andrea Gail and one Air National Guard pararescue jumper. It lashed northeastern U.S. with a storm tide of more than 14 ft (4 m) above a storm surge of approximately 5 ft (1.5 m), and piled on top of that 30 ft (10 m) waves. The worst of the storm stayed offshore. Prediction of future events is an ancient human wish. ... United States one-dollar bill Canadian one-dollar coin (Loonie) One New Taiwan dollar Australian one-dollar coin 500 old Zimbabwean dollars The dollar (often represented by the dollar sign: $) is the name of the official currency in several countries, dependencies and other regions. ... The F/V Andrea Gail was a commercial fishing vessel which was lost at sea during the so-called Perfect Storm of 1991. ... The Air National Guard (ANG) is part of the United States National Guard and a reserve component of the United States Air Force (USAF). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... ...

[edit] Naming

The U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NWS Natural Disaster Survey Report called the storm "The Halloween Nor’easter of 1991". The "perfect storm" moniker was coined by author and journalist Sebastian Junger after a conversation with NWS Boston Deputy Meteorologist Robert Case in which Case described the convergence of weather factors as being "perfect" for the formation of such a storm.^[1]^[2] In New England it is still colloquially referred to as simply "the No Name Storm" or "the Halloween Storm." Had it been given a name, it would have been called Hurricane Henri. The United States Department of Commerce is a Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. ... The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a scientific agency of the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere. ... The National Weather Service (NWS) is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States government. ... The phrase perfect storm refers to the simultaneous occurrence of events which, taken individually, would be far less powerful than the result of their chance combination. ... Sebastian Junger (born 17 January 1962 in Belmont, Massachusetts) is an American author and journalist. ... Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. ... A former hurricane forecaster at the National Hurricane Center, Robert Bob Case (born c. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ...

[edit] Quotations

[edit] See also

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x662, 320 KB) http://eol. ... 1Maximum snowfall or ice accretion The Halloween Blizzard was a period of heavy snowfall and ice accumulation that affected parts of the Upper Midwest of the United States, from October 31 - November 3, 1991. ... This is a list of notable Atlantic hurricanes, subdivided by reason for notability. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The phrase perfect storm refers to the simultaneous occurrence of events which, taken individually, would be far less powerful than the result of their chance combination. ...

[edit] External links

[edit] Notes and references

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | 1991 Atlantic hurricane season | 1991 meteorology | Atlantic hurricanes | Category 1 tropical cyclones | Hurricanes in Canada | New England hurricanes | Nor'easters Science Daily is an online news source. ... USA Today is a national American daily newspaper published by the Gannett Company. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 1991. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... Lowest pressure 1002 mbar (hPa) Damage Minimal Fatalities none Areas affected Cuba, Florida Part of the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season Tropical Storm Fabian was a short-lived tropical storm during the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. ... The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a scale classifying most Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms, and thereby become hurricanes. ...

Encyclopedia > 1991 Halloween Nor'easter

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