Aftermath at the Nairobi embassy.

In the 1998 U.S. Embassy bombings (August 7, 1998), more than 220 people were killed and over 4,000 wounded in simultaneous [1] car bomb explosions at the United States embassies in the East African capital cities of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya. The attacks, linked to local members of the al Qaeda terrorist network headed by Osama bin Laden, brought bin Laden and al Qaeda to international attention for the first time, and resulted in the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation placing bin Laden on its Ten Most Wanted list. [2] Photo of the aftermath of the Kenya embassy bombing. ... Photo of the aftermath of the Kenya embassy bombing. ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... A car bomb is an improvised explosive device that is placed in a car or truck and is intended to be exploded while there. ... A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one nation state present in another nation state to represent the sending state in the receiving State. ... East Africa is a region generally considered to include: Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Somalia Tanzania Uganda Burundi, Rwanda, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, and Sudan are sometimes considered a part of East Africa. ... Dar es Salaam (دار السلام), formerly Mzizima, is the largest city (pop. ... Nairobi is the capital city of Kenya. ... Osama bin Laden, leader of al-Qaeda al-Qaeda (Arabic: , el-Qā‘idah or al-Qā‘idah; the foundation or the base) is the name given to an international Islamic fundamentalist campaign comprised of independent and collaborative cells that all profess the same cause of reducing outside influence upon Islamic... Osama bin Laden in a photo from the 1990s Usāmah bin Muhammad bin `Awad bin Lādin (born March 10, 1957; Arabic: ), commonly known as Osama bin Laden, or Usama bin Laden, (Arabic: ), is an Islamic fundamentalist and the founder of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. ... Official FBI Seal The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force and intelligence agency which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... On March 14, 1950, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) began its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List to increase law enforcements ability to capture dangerous fugitives. ...

Along with the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the 1996 Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia, and the 2000 attack on the USS Cole in Yemen, the Embassy Bombing is one of the major anti-American terrorist attacks that preceded the September 11, 2001 attacks. The comparatively restrained response of the Clinton Administration, at the time embroiled in the Lewinsky scandal, which included the cruise missile strikes of Operation Infinite Reach and the arrest and prosecution of some of the perpetrators, has sometimes been cited as a factor in emboldening al Qaeda to undertake the September 11th terrorist attacks of 2001 and also raised political debate in the United States about whether to respond to terrorism with a military or law enforcement paradigm.[3] 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... The aftermath of the bombing. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Building #131 after the explosion Khobar Towers is part of an housing complex in the city of Khobar, Saudi Arabia near the national oil company (Saudi Aramco) headquarters of Dhahran. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... Two United States Navy destroyers have borne the name USS Cole. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a set of coordinated suicide attacks upon the United States of America carried out on Tuesday, September 11, 2001, in which a total of nineteen Arab hijackers simultaneously took control of four U.S. domestic commercial airliners. ... Order: 42nd President Term of Office: January 20, 1993–January 20, 2001 Preceded by: George H. W. Bush Succeeded by: George W. Bush Date of birth: August 19, 1946 Place of birth: Hope, Arkansas Date of death: Place of death: First Lady: Hillary Rodham Clinton Political party: Democratic Vice President... Time Magazines special report. ... Operation Infinite Reach was a US cruise missile strike on purported terrorist bases in Afghanistan and Sudan on August 20, 1998. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... The exact definition of terrorism is highly controversial. ... For the band, see The Police. ... Since the late 1800s, the word paradigm (IPA: ) has referred to a thought pattern in any scientific discipline or other epistemological context. ...

Background

Since 1992, al Qaeda perpetrated or was linked to violence in Yemen, Mogadishu, and Ethiopia. Between 1993 and 1994, members of al Qaeda began to re-locate to Eastern Africa. Most were Mujahideen, who had fought against the Soviet Union after its invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. Al-Qaeda began surveillance of the two embassies in early 1993. By the mid-1990s al Qaeda had established an East African cell and, using the information they had obtained, began to organize and establish the logistics necessary to conduct both attacks. During this time, al Qaeda built an extensive infrastructure of businesses and non-governmental organizations that worked to provide finances, documentation, and legitimate cover for its operations. Further, Al-Qaeda’s means of financing were expedient, effective, and largely untraceable. The Embassy attacks were the culmination of growing experience that reflected both bin Laden’s commitment to war against the West and confidence in the capacity and training of al Qaeda’s members. Mogadishu Mogadishu (Somali: Muqdisho), a city in East Africa on the Indian Ocean, serves as the nominal capital of anarchic Somalia. ... Mujahidin (Arabic: , also transliterated as mujāhidÄ«n, mujahedeen, mujahedin, mujahidin, mujaheddin, etc. ... Combatants USSR Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Mujahideen Rebels Commanders General Boris Gromov Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Sibghatullah Mojadeddi Ahmed Shah Massoud Abdul Ali Mazari Strength Casualties The Soviet war in Afghanistan lasted for ten years. ...

Washington’s inattentiveness towards East Africa and its insensitivity to local and regional factors helped to create conditions favorable to al Qaeda. Attacks by terrorists were viewed by the United States as random acts of violence by unconnected, disorganized, and state-sponsored groups of extremists. As a result, al-Qaeda was able to operate virtually unhindered and undetected. By 1998, al Qaeda was a well-developed organization. Its operations extended to resource acquisition, surveillance, tactical planning, logistics, procurement and strategies for the precise execution of an operation.

Al Qaeda’s list of grievances against the West included American participation in the first Gulf War, military operations in Somalia, and military involvement in Yemen. However, the United States presence in Saudi Arabia - a state that is home to a number of the holiest sites in Islam - was perhaps the focal point of al Qaeda’s anger. Permanent U.S. military installations in the region represented a lack of Saudi Arabian control over its territory and were thought to threaten the Muslim sacred cities of Mecca and Medina. Osama bin Laden believed that “the Americans were infidels and their garrisons propped up a corrupt, insufficiently Islamic Saudi elite.” As U.S. economic and political interests continued to create a greater presence in the Middle East, al Qaeda began targeting U.S. interests abroad. Combatants U.S.-led coalition Iraq Commanders General Norman Schwarzkopf, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell Saddam Hussein Strength 660,000 600,000+ Casualties 345 dead, 1,000 wounded 100,000 dead, 300,000 wounded, 60,000 prisoners 35,000 civilian The 1991 Gulf War was a... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (help· info)), the peaceful submission to the will of God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... This article is about the city of Medina in Saudi Arabia. ...

Security conditions and warnings

There were many conditions in both Kenya and Tanzania that made the two countries choice targets for al Qaeda attacks. These include: anarchic rule by corrupt local law enforcement, porous borders with lax security that allowed unregulated movement of people and supplies, active local terrorist organizations other than al Qaeda, political violence endemic to the region, a large contingent of Americans in an embassy vulnerable to attack, and the destabilizing influence of neighboring countries embroiled in wars and conflicts (Somalia, Rwanda and Uganda). Kenya and Tanzania also both had a highly marginalized cultural and religious landscape dating from colonial rule, and highlighted by the tensions between the local Christian and Muslim populations.

From a security standpoint, both embassies were extremely vulnerable to attack. The embassy in Kenya was the hardest to secure because of its proximity to a nearby busy intersection and its lack of a recommended 100 foot standoff zone from the street. The embassy had one radio frequency that was constantly clogged with other radio traffic. Neither The Marine Security Guards (MSG) nor the local security were trained to detect and deter vehicular bombs or terrorist acts. Additionally, the delta barriers and security gates were not working at the time of the attack. While it too did not have a 100 foot standoff nor a working delta barrier, the United States embassy in Tanzania was far more prepared than the one in Kenya. The Regional Security Officer (RSO) in Dar es Salaam, John DiCarlo instituted vehicle screening outside of the embassy to ensure that no one could enter who might have explosives. The RSO and the MSGs were trained in identifying and preventing attacks from parcel bombs, and participated in react drills, and fire drills in the event of an emergency situation. Because of these protections, the attack itself did not go according to al Qaeda’s plan. Dar es Salaam (دار السلام), formerly Mzizima, is the largest city (pop. ...

Soon after her arrival as ambassador to Kenya in 1996, Prudence Bushnell began raising alarms about the embassy's lack of security. She sent repeated cables warning the State Department that the embassy needed to be re-evaluated and take measures to ensure it was adequately protected. Unfortunately her pleas fell on deaf ears. According to one State Department official, Bushnell was seen as a "...nuisance who was overly obsessed with security." To placate the ambassador, the State Department did send a security team to inspect the embassy and they determined that it met their standards for a "medium threat". Concurrently, the State Department had determined that Africa was a low risk in its terrorism assessment. In addition to Bushnell's warnings, General Anthony Zinni visited the embassy in early 1998 and warned the State Department that there were significant security flaws and that the embassy would be an easy and tempting target for terrorism. Ultimately the State Department determined that security upgrades were both unwarranted and fiscally unnecessary. Anthony C. Zinni (born 1947) is a retired general in the United States Marine Corps. ...

Attacks and casualties

An aerial of the bombed U.S. Embassy in Nairobi.

Car bombs in vehicles adjacent to the embassies were detonated simultaneously at 10:45 am local time (3:45 am Washington time). In Nairobi, where the embassy was located in a busy downtown area, 224 people were killed, including 12 Americans, and an estimated 4000 injured, mostly Kenyan civilians; in Dar es Salaam, the embassy was further from the city center, and the attack killed at least 11 and wounded 85. Although the attacks may have been intended to kill employees of the United States government most of the victims were African civilians. 1998 nairobi bombing This file has been listed on Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images, because it is missing information on its source or copyright status. ... 1998 nairobi bombing This file has been listed on Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images, because it is missing information on its source or copyright status. ... Nickname: the District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Official website: http://www. ...

Upon news of the attacks, the State Department’s Office of American Services and Crisis Management issued a travel advisory for all United States citizens abroad. American installations around the world instantly heightened security as a response to the embassy bombings. Airports, embassies, and domestic federal installations and facilities were on full alert for terrorist activity. The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ...

The Islamist terrorist network al Qaeda claimed responsibility for both incidents. Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ... Osama bin Laden, leader of al-Qaeda al-Qaeda (Arabic: , el-Qā‘idah or al-Qā‘idah; the foundation or the base) is the name given to an international Islamic fundamentalist campaign comprised of independent and collaborative cells that all profess the same cause of reducing outside influence upon Islamic...

Finances and costs of the bombings

The entire cost of al Qaeda’s terrorist operations in the embassy bombings has been determined inconclusively to have been between $10,000 and $50,000. The attacks were disproportionately inexpensive in relation to the devastation and destruction they caused. The financial path from al Qaeda’s operation rarely leads directly to bin Laden and while bin Laden was the ultimate source of al Qaeda’s funding, it is difficult to trace the operations' finances directly to him.

In February 1998, bin Laden charged every Muslim to both kill Americans and “plunder their money.” Although an exact figure for the total amount of devastation caused by the attacks is not available, it is possible, based on what information is available, to make an estimate. Taking into consideration the devastation, costs of repair, and the U.S. response, the costs resulting from the embassy bombings put American expenditures in the range of $1.921 billion.

Pre-bombing intelligence

While there was never an indication of when or how the U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania would be attacked, there was mounting intelligence to suggest that the embassies were not adequately secure and potentially targets of terrorist plots. Consequently, while certain threats were identified and intelligence had been collected and disseminated in some cases, they were often discounted before reaching high-level officials and determined to be unfounded. Among the warnings prior to the attacks:

In the summer of 1997, CIA identified Wadih el-Hage as a key figure in al Qaeda’s leadership in Kenya. In August, 1997, the Kenyan police, CIA, and FBI raided el-Hage’s house in Nairobi, downloaded files from his computer, and confiscated a number of written correspondences. He was extensively questioned three times by the FBI, but the documents from his home were not translated because of the unavailability of Arab-speaking staff and the low priority given their contents. Wadih el-Hage (born 1960) was an Al-Qaida member accused of conspiring in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. ...

Also the summer of 1997, an informant was turned over to the CIA who claimed that the Nairobi branch of the Islamic charity Al Haramain Foundation was plotting to blow up the American embassy in Kenya. The threat was taken seriously enough for the CIA to send a counterterrorism team to Kenya for further investigation. The team found no evidence of a bomb plot, however they did not interview the nine detained Arab suspects. The agency concluded that the informant was not credible. The CIA stated that there was never any evidence linking Al Haramain to the embassy bombings, though there was evidence to connect the foundation to bin Laden.

In the fall of 1997, an Egyptian named Mustafa Mahmoud Said Ahmed walked into the Nairobi embassy and told CIA officers that he knew about a group that was planning to detonate a truck bomb inside the diplomats’ underground parking garage. The CIA stated that it received word from a foreign intelligence service that Ahmed was a fabricator of information and that his warning should be treated with skepticism. Ahmed was arrested in Tanzania after the bombing and was believed to be a key figure in the Dar-es-Salaam attack. In particular, investigative Accountability Review Board stated that the intelligence received regarding Ahmed’s warning of a vehicular bomb attack was carefully vetted and was discredited by early 1998.

Aftermath and international response

Wreckage from the Nairobi bombing.

Saddam Hussein's official press in Iraq praised Osama Bin Laden as "an Arab and Islamic hero."[4], and later, Richard Clarke, a top Clinton administration counterterrorism official, asserted that Hussein had offered bin Laden asylum after the embassy bombings.[5]. Photo of the aftermath of the Kenya embassy bombing. ... Wikinews has news related to this article: Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti, (Arabic ), born April 28, 1937 , was President of Iraq from 1979 until his removal and capture after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... Osama bin Laden in a photo from the 1990s Usāmah bin Muhammad bin `Awad bin Lādin (born March 10, 1957; Arabic: ), commonly known as Osama bin Laden, or Usama bin Laden, (Arabic: ), is an Islamic fundamentalist and the founder of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. ... Richard A. Clarke (born 1951) provided national security advice to four U.S. presidents: Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, consulting on issues of intelligence and terrorism, from 1973 to 2003. ... Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ... The term asylum can mean: a psychiatric hospital political asylum a 1985 album named Asylum by KISS a sociology book by Erving Goffman studying total institutions A band from Preston, http://www. ...

In Afghanistan, then under the control of the Taliban, a court declared on November 20, 1998 that Osama bin Laden was "a man without a sin" in regard to the bombing. Flag flown by the Taliban. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...

Operation Infinite Reach

The U.S. response was twofold: militarily and economically. To retaliate on an economic level, President Clinton signed Executive Order 13099 on August 20, 1998 that prohibited transactions with terrorists who threatened to disrupt the Middle East peace process. 13099 further alleged that bin Laden and the Islamic Army Organization were the perpetrators of the attacks on the embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. The executive order attempted to freeze assets owned by bin Laden and al Qaeda and stipulated that U.S. citizens and firms could not do business with them. President Clinton ordered Operation Infinite Reach, a series of cruise missile strikes on terrorist targets in Sudan and Afghanistan on August 20, 1998, announcing the planned strike in a primetime address on American television. The choice of targets, the secrecy of the Administration’s deliberation, and the decision to pursue a military response in general all incited criticism and complaint. William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Operation Infinite Reach was a US cruise missile strike on purported terrorist bases in Afghanistan and Sudan on August 20, 1998. ...

Within days of Operation Infinite Reach, Western engineers who had visited or been associated with the plant, as well as Sudanese officials, doctors, lawyers and plant employees insisted that Al Shifa was a working pharmaceutical plant and not a terrorist operational site. Days prior to the attack on the Al Shifa facility, an intelligence official claimed that there was no evidence of commercial products being sold out of the facility. The Clinton administration believed the plant to be suspicious because it was heavily guarded, it was not believed to be producing commercial products and medications, believed to be directly financed by bin Laden, and had ties to Iraq’s chemical weapons programs.

Evidence soon came to light that there was no connection between the plant and the Sudan Military Industrial Complex (SMIC). The United States also tried, unsuccessfully, to establish a direct link between the plant owner, Salah Idris, and the SMIC after the Al Shifa bombing. Since there was seemingly no connection between the SMIC and Al Shifa management, the alleged direct financial connection between bin Laden and the plant did not exist. U.S. intelligence reports also based their accusations on a soil sample taken from the plant grounds in December of 1997 and later tested in the United States. U.S. testing facilities claimed that this soil sample contained amounts of O-ethyl methylphosphonothioic acid, or EMPTA, a dual-use chemical that can be used to make VX nerve gas. Since the United States withdrew its embassy personnel and intelligence officers from Sudan in 1996, the CIA had to rely on questionable intelligence sources regarding the sample.

The attacks on al Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan occurred in the Khost province, sixty miles south of Kabul. These facilities were a sprawling set of camps designed to train al Qaeda operatives. Considering its objectives, the attack in Afghanistan was successful in that it destroyed key physical targets. However, the operation did not accomplish the destruction of bin Laden and his operatives and did not lead to any significant changes in the al Qaeda network and leadership. Khost, sometimes spelt Khowst, is a town in Afghanistan, located at 33. ...

Capture, prosecution, deaths of perpetrators

The criminal investigation ended with three hundred counts against the defendants. These counts included the utilization of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) against American targets, conspiracy to kill officers and employees of the U.S. government, conspiracy to murder U.S. nationals, and conspiracy to destroy U.S. buildings by the use of explosives. Defendants included:

• Wadih El-Hage, the leader of the East African al Qaeda cell who arranged for the facilitation and delivery of false travel documents.
• Mohammed Odeh, a technical advisor to al Qaeda operatives responsible for carrying out the bombings.
• Mohamed Al-Owhali, an expert in explosives, hijacking and bombings who asked bin Laden for an assignment to execute jihad and personally threw stun grenades in an effort to force the embassy guard to allow him entry into the parking garage.
• Khalfan Khamis Mohammed, who purchased the white Suzuki used to transport the components of the bomb, rented the house in Tanzania which operated as a bomb factory, helped put the bomb together, and loaded the bomb into the truck.

In a federal trial in New York City that ended in June 2001, Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al-Owhali, Mohammed Odeh, Wadih el Hage, and Khalfan Khamis Mohamed were convicted of perpetrating the Nairobi bombing and were sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Wadih el-Hage (born 1960) was an Al-Qaida member accused of conspiring in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. ... The word federal in a general sense refers to the nature of an agreement between or among two or more states, nations, or other groups to merge into a union in which control of common affairs is held by a central authority created by and with the consent of the... New York City portal The Empire State Building (right) and the Chrysler Building (left) are easily recognized symbols of New York City to the world. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Wadih el-Hage (born 1960) was an Al-Qaida member accused of conspiring in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. ... Khalfan Khamis Mohamed, a Tanzanian national, was indicted on December 16, 1998, in the Southern District Court of New York, for his alleged participation in the August 7, 1998, bombings of the U.S. embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya, and for conspiring to kill U.S...

Two Egyptian citizens, Ibrahim Hussein Abdel Hadi Eidarous and Adel Mohanned Abdul Almagid Bary, whose fingerprints were allegedly found on the letters claiming responsibility for the bombings, were arrested in London in 1999 by Scotland Yard at the request of the U.S. They were extradited and jailed. London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... New Scotland Yard, London New Scotland Yard, often referred to simply as Scotland Yard or The Yard, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible for policing Greater London (although not the City of London itself). ... Extradition is a formal process by which a criminal suspect held by one government is handed over to another government for trial or, if the suspect has already been tried and found guilty, to serve his or her sentence. ...

Other alleged conspirators in custody include Khalid al-Fawwaz, a Saudi dissident who had been living in London since 1994. Al-Fawwaz was accused by the U.S. of helping Osama bin Laden to coordinate the attacks, and was ordered to be extradited. He denied the charges and remains in custody in London pending an appeal.[6],[7]. A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively opposes an established opinion, policy, or structure. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ...

Anas Al-Liby was thought to have been captured in Afghanistan in 2002 during the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan but it was later proven to be false, Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani is believed to have been captured in Pakistan in 2004, and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, whose brother was one of the suicide bombers, and who helped another of the bombers to get a Yemeni passport, is currently in the custody of the U.S. at an undisclosed location. Anas al-Liby (Arabic: أنس الليبي) (born March 30, 1964 or May 14, 1964) is a Libyan Al-Qaeda operative, who fled Libya because of Muammar al-Qaddafi, and is wanted for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. ... Combatants al-Qaida, Taliban Northern Alliance, United States, United Kingdom, France, New Zealand, Australia, Germany, Canada, Italy Commanders Mohammed Omar Osama bin Laden Tommy Franks Mohammed Fahim Strength Casualties The United States invasion of Afghanistan occurred in October 2001, in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks on... Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani (Arabic: أحمد خلفان الغيلاني) is a suspected member of the al-Qaeda terrorist organization. ... al_Nashiri was the head of al_Qaida for the Arabian peninsula. ...

Mohammed Atef, indicted on November 4, 1998 for his role in orchestrating the attacks, was later reported killed by U.S. bombs during the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan. Mohammed Atef (also transliterated as Muhammad Atef, Muhammed Atef, and several other ways) was the alleged military chief of the international terrorist organization al-Qaida. ... Combatants al-Qaida, Taliban Northern Alliance, United States, United Kingdom, France, New Zealand, Australia, Germany, Canada, Italy Commanders Mohammed Omar Osama bin Laden Tommy Franks Mohammed Fahim Strength Casualties The United States invasion of Afghanistan occurred in October 2001, in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks on...

Saif al-Adel is reportedly in the custody of the Iranian government. Saif al-Adel Saif Al-Adel (or Seif Al Adel) (born April 11, 1960 or 1963) is believed to be a senior member of the Al-Qaeda and Egyptian Islamic Jihad. ...

Still at large

• Osama bin Laden - indicted on November 4, 1998 for his role in ordering the attacks.
• Ayman al-Zawahiri
• Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah
• Muhsin Musa Atwalli Atwa
• Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali
• Fazul Abdullah Mohammed
• Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil
• Alex Hitchins
• Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam
• Zaac Margin

Osama bin Laden in a photo from the 1990s Usāmah bin Muhammad bin `Awad bin Lādin (born March 10, 1957; Arabic: ), commonly known as Osama bin Laden, or Usama bin Laden, (Arabic: ), is an Islamic fundamentalist and the founder of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... Ayman al-Zawahiri Ayman al-Zawahiri (Arabic: ) (born June 19, 1951) is a prominent member of the al-Qaeda group and formerly the head of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, a terrorist organization. ... Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah (Arabic: عبدالله أحمد عبدالله; born about 1963) is an Egyptian national wanted by the United States government. ... Fazul Abdullah Mohammed (born either August 25, 1972 December 25, 1974, or February 25, 1974) is a suspected member of the Al Qaeda terrorist organization, believed to have been a conspirator in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings, an association for which he is listed as one of the FBI... Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil (b. ... Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam (born February 19, 1976 in Mombasa, Kenya) is a Kenyan, who has been indicted in the Southern District of New York for his alleged involvement in the August 7, 1998, bombings of the U.S. Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya. ...

External links

• Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
• Rewards for Justice - Most Wanted Terrorists
• US State Department website about attacks
• Four embassy bombers get life (CNN)
• Transcripts of Sentencing Phase of Embassy Bombers Trial
• PBS primer on the attacks
• Terrorism and Law Enforcement