The Kargil Conflict was a border war between India and Pakistan that took place from April 1999 to June 1999 in the Kashmir region. This conflict was the first land war in history between two declared nuclear powers. It ended in an Indian victory, restoring the frontier between the two nations. Kashmir is a region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. ...

Causes of the War

In December 1971, following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, India and Pakistan agreed on a Line of Control (LOC) between the portions of the state of Kashmir each nation controlled. The LOC has never been recognized as an international border, and there was constant small-arms and artillery fire across the LOC. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. ... The line of control (LOC) is a line which demarcates the boundary between the territories controlled by two militaries or political entities, e. ... Kashmir is a region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. ...

Pakistan trained and supported irregular fighters who would infiltrate Indian-controlled Kashmir from Pakistan-controlled Kashmir and attack police stations, village headmen, and Army posts, as well as other symbols of Indian rule. To deter infiltration, the Indian Army maintained a series of border posts to control the LOC. Because of the relatively high altitude and harsh winter conditions in the mountains of Kashmir, ranging from 4,000 to 5,200 meters elevation, both India and Pakistan would withdraw their forces until summer. Irregular soldiers in Beauharnois, Quebec, 19th century Irregular military refers to any non-standard military. ... The Indian Army is the army of the Republic of India. ...

Phase I: Pakistani Infiltration

In April 1999, Pakistani fighters moved over the LOC and occupied Indian Army border posts. Pakistan denied the use of its Army in these infiltrations, which was technically true. However, the Indians announced that they had found the paybooks and ID cards from killed fighters that had come from officers and soldiers of the Northern Light Infantry, which was then a paramilitary force in Pakistan's service. The Northern Light Infantry (NLI) is the main force protecting the strategically important Northern Areas of Pakistan and the majority of this Regement contains the native Gilgitis, Baltis, Brushos, Wakhis and Khuwars etc. ... A paramilitary is a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion. ...

The terrain, which was mountainous and high, posed difficulties for Indian counterattacks. Soldiers needed periods of conditioning to work at high altitude. The Indian Air Force was unable to carry effective loads of ordnance to attack Pakistani posts. The hills were high and precluded attacks in more than battalion or regimental strength.

Phase II: Fight to Control National Highway 1

Pakistani observers were able to call artillery fire on National Highway 1, which runs through Kashmir's capital, Srinagar, north. The road is a two-lane highway. The first task of the Indian army was to clear Pakistani observers from direct observation of National Highway 1. Srinagar is a city in Jammu and Kashmir, India, in the Western Himalayas. ...

Phase III: India Pushes Pakistani Forces back to LOC

After the Indian Government found out that the insurgents were deep inside Indian Territory, The Indian Army launched Operation Vijay meaning "Victory" in Hindi. With over three months of fighting from May-July 1999, Pakistani Insurgents lost control of most outposts and other strategic heights. After Pakistan's loss, then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif under heavy pressure from the United States and other countries, decided to withdraw all troops from Indian Territory and back to the Line of Control. In the 1999 Kargil Conflict between India and Pakistan, Operation Vijay was the name of the Indian operation to push back the infiltrators from the Kargil Sector. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken in most states in northern and central India. ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ... Nawaz Sharif (born December 25, 1949) was twice elected as Prime Minister of Pakistan, serving two non-consecutive terms. ...

Aftermath

After the loss of Pakistan in the conflict, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was overthrown in a military coup on October 12, 1999. Shariff was placed under house arrest but was freed in 2000 and was exiled to Saudi Arabia. October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Meanwhile in India, The BJP won the parliamentary polls and got a commanding majority of 304 seats in the Indian parliament sansad. Atal Behari Vajpayee was re-elected as Prime Minister of India. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP; Indian Peoples Party) is one of the largest political parties in India. ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | India-related stubs | Government of India ... Atal Bihari Vajpayee (often wrongly spelt Behari; अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी in Devnagari) (born December 25, 1924) was the Prime Minister of India in 1996 and again from 1998 until May 19, 2004. ... The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the government of India. ...