| Jerusalem (9933 words) |
 | In 538 BCE Persian armies defeated the Babylonian forces, and the descendants of the exiles were allowed to return to Judah and to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem. |
| This fifth century temple was the second temple; the first temple, built by Solomon in the middle of the tenth century BCE, was destroyed by the Babylonians in 587 BCE. |
| After Saladin defeated the Crusaders in 1187 Islamic rulers resided in the Citadel, and by the 19th century the minaret in the southwest corner was known as the Tower of David. |
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