2 Pallas (pal'-us, Greek Παλλάς) was the first asteroid discovered after 1 Ceres. It was found and named by H. Wilhelm Olbers on March 28, 1802. Image File history File links 2_Pallas_(0). ... Image File history File links 2_Pallas_(1). ... Categories: Astronomers stubs | 1758 births | 1840 deaths | German astronomers | German physicists | Lists of asteroids ... March 28 is the 87th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (88th in Leap years). ... --69. ... The provisional designation of comets and asteroids are similar to each other: they both follow a pattern set in 1925 by the Minor Planet Center of the IAU. Historical designations At first, astronomers strove to assign symbols to the minor planets: 1 Ceres a stylized sickle 2 Pallas a lozenge... Minor planets, or planetoids are minor bodies of the Solar system orbiting the Sun (or of other planetary systems orbiting other stars) that are larger than meteoroids (the largest of which might be taken to be around 10 meters or so across) but smaller than major planets (Mercury having a... The asteroid belt is a region of the solar system falling roughly between the planets Mars and Jupiter where the greatest concentration of asteroid orbits can be found. ... In astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time for which celestial coordinates or orbital elements are specified. ... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Julian day or Julian day number (JDN) is the number of days that have elapsed since 12 noon Greenwich Mean Time (UT or TT) on Monday, January 1, 4713 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar . ... In astrodynamics, under standard assumptions any orbit must be of conic section shape. ... In geometry, the semi-major axis (also semimajor axis) a applies to ellipses and hyperbolas. ... Giga (symbol: G) is a prefix in the SI system of units denoting 109, or 1 000 000 000. ... The metre (Commonwealth English) or meter (American English) (symbol: m) is the SI base unit of length. ... The astronomical unit (AU or au or a. ... This article is about several astronomical terms (apogee & perigee, aphelion & perihelion, generic equivalents based on apsis, and related but rarer terms. ... This article is about several astronomical terms (apogee & perigee, aphelion & perihelion, generic equivalents based on apsis, and related but rarer terms. ... The orbital period is the time it takes a planet (or another object) to make one full orbit. ... See also Day (language) A day (symbol: d) is a unit of time. ... In astronomy, a Julian year is a unit of time defined as exactly 365. ... The orbital speed of a body, generally a planet, a natural satellite, an artificial satellite, or a multiple star, is the speed at which it orbits around the barycenter of a system, usually around a more massive body. ... Kilo (symbol: k) is a prefix in the SI system denoting 103 or 1000. ... Look up Second in Wiktionary, the free dictionary The second (symbol: s) is the SI base unit of time. ... Inclination is one of the six orbital parameters describing the shape and orientation of a celestial orbit and is the angular distance of the orbital plane from the plane of the reference (usually planets equator or the ecliptic), stated in degrees. ... A degree (in full, a degree of arc), usually symbolized °, is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1／360 of a full rotation. ... The Longitude of the ascending node () is one of the orbital elements used to specify the orbit of an object in space. ... The argument of the perihelion is one of the orbital elements describing the orbit of a planet. ... In the study of orbital dynamics the mean anomaly is a measure of time, specific to the orbiting body p, which is a multiple of 2π radians at and only at periapsis. ... For the majority of numbered asteroids, almost nothing is known apart from a few physical parameters. ... Mass is a property of physical objects that, roughly speaking, measures the amount of matter they contain. ... The international prototype, made of platinum-iridium, which is kept at the BIPM under conditions specified by the 1st CGPM in 1889. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... Centi (symbol c) is a SI prefix in the SI system of units denoting a factor of 10-2, or 1/100. ... The cubic metre (symbol m³) is the SI derived unit of volume. ... Gravity is the force of attraction between massive particles. ... In physics, for a given gravitational field and a given position, the escape velocity is the minimum speed an object without propulsion, at that position, needs to have to move away indefinitely from the source of the field, as opposed to falling back or staying in an orbit within a... In astronomy, a rotation period is the time an astronomical object takes to complete one revolution around its rotation axis. ... Asteroids are assigned a type based on spectral shape, color, and sometimes albedo. ... B-type asteroid is a subdivision of C-type asteroids distinguished spectrally by differences in the ultraviolet absorption. ... In astronomy, absolute magnitude is the apparent magnitude, m, an object would have if it were at a standardized distance away. ... The albedo is a measure of reflectivity of a surface or body. ... Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ... 1 Ceres (seer-eez, Latin CerÄ“s) was the first asteroid to be discovered. ... Categories: Astronomers stubs | 1758 births | 1840 deaths | German astronomers | German physicists | Lists of asteroids ... March 28 is the 87th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (88th in Leap years). ... --69. ...

Name

The asteroid is named after Pallas, the daughter of Triton and friend of Athena in Greek mythology. (There are several male characters of the same name in Greek mythology, but the first asteroids were invariably given female names.) Pallas Athena. ... Triton (mythology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Athena from the east pediment of the Afea temple in Aegina After a sculpture of Athena at the Louvre. ... Greek mythology comprises the collected narratives of Greek gods, goddesses, heroes, and heroines, originally created and spread within an oral-poetic tradition. ...

According to the OED, the adjectival form of Pallas is Palladian. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a comprehensive dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP). ...

Characteristics

Size comparison: the first 10 asteroids profiled against Earth's Moon. Pallas is at second left.

Pallas is the third largest main belt asteroid, similar to 4 Vesta in volume (to within uncertainty), but significantly less massive. Image File history File links The first 10 asteroids profiled against the Earths Moon. ... Image File history File links The first 10 asteroids profiled against the Earths Moon. ... Crust composition Oxygen 43% Silicon 21% Aluminium 10% Calcium 9% Iron 9% Magnesium 5% Titanium 2% Nickel 0. ... The asteroid belt is a region of the solar system falling roughly between the planets Mars and Jupiter where the greatest concentration of asteroid orbits can be found. ... An asteroid is a small, solid object in our Solar System, orbiting the Sun. ... 4 Vesta (ves-ta) is the third-largest asteroid in the Main belt, between 530 and 468 km in diameter. ...

Pallas is currently the largest Solar System body (barring trans-Neptunian objects) whose surface has not been directly imaged by spacecraft or telescopes. It may also be the largest irregularly-shaped body, meaning that it has not been compressed by gravity into a spheroid shape (other candidates may be trans-Neptunian objects such as 2003 EL₆₁). A trans-Neptunian object (TNO) is any object in the solar system which orbits the sun at a greater distance on average than Neptune. ... A trans-Neptunian object (TNO) is any object in the solar system which orbits the sun at a greater distance on average than Neptune. ... The title of this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

Pallas also has unusual dynamical parameters for such a large body. Its orbit is highly inclined and somewhat eccentric despite being located in the central part of the Main belt. In physics, an orbit is the path that an object makes, around another object, whilst under the influence of a source of centripetal force, such as gravity. ... Inclination is one of the six orbital parameters describing the shape and orientation of a celestial orbit and is the angular distance of the orbital plane from the plane of the reference (usually planets equator or the ecliptic), stated in degrees. ... In astrodynamics, under standard assumptions any orbit must be of conic section shape. ... The asteroid belt is a region of the solar system falling roughly between the planets Mars and Jupiter where the greatest concentration of asteroid orbits can be found. ...

Furthermore, its axial tilt is very high, being around 60° (in fact estimates vary from 56° to 81°) ^[4][7][9]. This means that, every palladian summer and winter, large parts of the surface are in constant sunlight or constant darkness for a time of the order of an Earth year. Consensus has not been reached as to whether Pallas' rotation is prograde or retrograde. The most recent analysis of lightcurves indicates that the pole points towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (-12°, 35°) or (43°, 193°) with a 10° uncertainty ^[9]. This gives axial tilts of 57° or 65°, respectively. Axial tilt is an astronomical term regarding the inclination angle of a planets rotational axis in relation to its orbital plane. ... Earth, also known as Terra, and (mostly in the 19th century) Tellus, is the third-closest planet to the Sun. ... Prograde motion is the rotational or orbital motion of a body in a direction similar to that of other bodies within a given system, and is sometimes called direct motion. ... The ecliptic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system that uses the ecliptic for its fundamental plane. ... Axial tilt is an astronomical term regarding the inclination angle of a planets rotational axis in relation to its orbital plane. ...

There are indications that the surface composition of Pallas is very similar to the Renazzo carbonaceous chondrite (CR) meteorites ^[8]. Some carbonaceous chondrites. ...

Observations

Some notable observation milestones for Pallas include:

Pallas has been observed occulting a star several times, including the best observed of all asteroid occultation events on May 29, 1983, when careful occultation timing measurements were taken by 140 observers. These have helped determine an accurate diameter ^[5]. During the occultation of May 29, 1979 the discovery of a possible tiny satellite with a diameter of ~1 km was reported. However, it has not been confirmed. In 1980, speckle interferometry was reported as indicating a much larger satellite with a diameter of 175 km, but the existence of the satellite was later refuted. ^[3] In this July, 1997 still frame captured from video, the bright star Aldebaran has just reappeared on the dark limb of the waning crescent moon in this predawn occultation. ... The Pleiades star cluster A star is a massive body of plasma in outer space that is currently producing or has produced energy through nuclear fusion. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... Moons of solar system scaled to Earths Moon The common noun moon (not capitalized) is used to mean any natural satellite of the other planets. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Speckle interferometry is an image processing technique used in astronomy that can dramatically increase the resolution of ground-based telescopes. ...

Radar signals from spacecraft in orbit around Mars and/or on its surface have been used to estimate the mass of Pallas from the tiny perturbations induced by it onto the motion of Mars ^[1]. Amongst the findings from the Opportunity rover is the presence of hematite on Mars in the form of small spheres on the Meridiani Planum. ... Amongst the findings from the Opportunity rover is the presence of hematite on Mars in the form of small spheres on the Meridiani Planum. ...

There have not been any telescopic observations of Pallas that have resolved any features on its disk. Pallas has not yet been visited by a spacecraft, but if the Dawn probe is successful in studying 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta, its mission may be extended to Pallas. Dawn spacecraft, powered by ion thrusters The Dawn Mission is a NASA unmanned space mission that will send an orbiting space probe to examine the asteroids Ceres and Vesta. ... 1 Ceres (seer-eez, Latin Cerēs) was the first asteroid to be discovered. ... 4 Vesta (ves-ta) is the third-largest asteroid in the Main belt, between 530 and 468 km in diameter. ...

Trivia

The chemical element palladium (atomic number 46) was named after Pallas. General Name, Symbol, Number palladium, Pd, 46 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 5, d Appearance silvery white metallic Atomic mass 106. ...

Aspects

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External link

Computer generated image

References

1. E. V. Pitjeva, Estimations of Masses of the Largest Asteroids and the Main Asteroid Belt From Ranging to Planets, Mars Orbiters And Landers Solar System Resarch, Vol. 39 pp. 176 (2005).
2. Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey
3. Other Reports of Asteroid Companions, compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston
4. J. D. Drummond and W. J. Cocke Triaxial ellipsoid dimensions and rotational pole of 2 Pallas from two stellar occultations, Icarus, Vol. 78, pp. 323 (1989).
5. D. W. Dunham et al The size and shape of (2) Pallas from the 1983 occultation of 1 Vulpeculae, The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 99, pp. 1636 (1990).
6. E. Goffin New determination of the mass of (2) Pallas, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 365, pp. 627 (2001).
7. D. L. Mitchell et al Radar observations of asteroids 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta, Icarus, Vol. 124, pp. 113 (1996).
8. Sato et al Absorption bands near three micrometers in diffuse reflectance spectra of carbonaceous chondrites: Comparison with asteroids, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, Vol. 32, pp. 503 (1997).
9. J. Torppa et al Spahes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data, Icarus, Vol. 164, p. 346 (2003).

• • James L. Hilton, U.S. Naval Observatory Ephemerides of the Largest Asteroids The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 117 pp. 1077 (1999)

1 Ceres (seer-eez, Latin Cerēs) was the first asteroid to be discovered. ... 3 Juno (jew-noh) was discovered on September 1, 1804 by German astronomer Karl L. Harding, using a humble 2-inch telescope. ...