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The 2000 Watt society is a vision, originated by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at the end of the 1998, in which each person in the developed world would cut their energy use to an average of no more than 2,000 Watts by the year 2050, without lowering their standard of living. The ETH Zurich, often called Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, is a science and technology university in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. ...
1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...
A developed country is a country that has achieved (currently or historically) a high degree of industrialization, and which enjoys the higher standards of living which wealth and technology make possible. ...
The watt (symbol: W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one joule per second. ...
2050 (MML) will be a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these services and goods are distributed within a population. ...
2,000 Watts is approximately the current world average energy use. This compares to averages of around 6,000 Watts in western Europe and 12,000 Watts in the United States [1]. Switzerland itself, currently using an average of around 5,000 Watts, was last a 2000 Watt society in the 1960s. A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times. ...
The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...
It is further envisaged that the use of fossil fuels would be ultimately be cut to no more than 500 W per person within 50 to 100 years. Coal rail cars in Ashtabula, Ohio Fossil Fuels are hydrocarbons, primarily coal, fuel oil or natural gas, formed from the remains of dead plants and animals. ...
The vision was developed in response to concerns about climate change and the security and availability of future energy supplies. It is supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, the Association of Swiss Architects and Engineers, and other bodies. Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400,000 years Climate change refers to the variation in the Earths global climate or in regional climates over time. ...
Implications Researchers in Switzerland believe that this vision is achievable, despite a projected 65% increase in economic growth by 2050, by using new low-carbon technologies and techniques [2].
It is envisaged that achieving the aim of a 2000 Watt society will require, amongst other measures, a complete reinvestment in the country's capital assets; refurbishment of the nation's building stock to bring it up to low energy building standards; significant improvements in the efficiency of road transport, aviation and energy-intensive material use; the possible introduction of high-speed Maglev trains; the use of renewable energy sources, district heating, microgeneration and related technologies; and a refocusing of research into new priority areas. Disruptions in organized traffic flow can create delays lasting hours. ...
Aviation refers to flying using aircraft, machines designed by humans for atmospheric flight. ...
Transrapid at the Emsland test facility in Germany Maglev in Shanghai Inside the Shanghai maglev Inside the Shanghai maglev VIP section Magnetic levitation transport, or maglev, is a form of transportation that suspends, guides and propels vehicles via electromagnetic force. ...
Renewable energy (Non-Conventional Energy) is defined as energy derived from resources that are regenerative or for all practical purposes can not be depleted. ...
District heating (less commonly called teleheating) is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location for residential and commercial heating requirements. ...
Microgeneration is the generation of zero or low-carbon heat and power by individuals, small businesses and communities to meet their own needs. ...
As a result of the intensified research and development effort required, it is hoped that Switzerland will become a leader in the technologies required for the 2000 Watt society.
The Basel pilot region Launched in 2001 and located in the metropolitan area of Basel, 'Pilot Region Basel' aims to develop and commercialise some of the technologies involved. The pilot is a partnership between industry, universities, research institutes and the authorities, coordinated by Novatlantis [3]. Participation is not restricted to locally based organisations, and in 2005 the city of Zurich joined the project. 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Basel (British English traditionally: Basle and more recently Basel , German: Basel , French: Bâle , Italian: Basilea ) is Switzerlands third most populous city (166,563 inhabitants (2004); 690,000 inhabitants in the conurbation stretching across the immediate cantonal and national boundaries made Basel Switzerlands second-largest urban area as...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Location within Switzerland Zürich[?] (German pronunciation IPA: ; usually spelled Zurich in English) is the largest city in Switzerland (population: 366,145 in 2004; population of urban area: 1,091,732) and capital of the canton of Zürich. ...
Within the pilot region the projects in progress include demonstration buildings constructed to MINERGIE or Passivhaus standards, electricity generation from renewable energy sources, and vehicles using natural gas, hydrogen and biogas. The aim is to put research into practice, seek continuous improvements, and to communicate progress to all interested parties, including the public. One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt, Germany One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt The term Passive house (Passivhaus in German) refers to the rigorous, voluntary, Passivhaus standard for energy use in buildings. ...
Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ...
Renewable energy (Non-Conventional Energy) is defined as energy derived from resources that are regenerative or for all practical purposes can not be depleted. ...
Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ...
A hydrogen economy is a hypothetical future economy in which energy, for mobile applications (vehicles, aircraft) and electrical grid load balancing (daily peak demand reserve), is stored as hydrogen (H2). ...
Biogas, typically refers to gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. ...
See also CO2 emission per capita per year per country Carbon footprint is a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide or CO2 emitted (mainly through the combustion of fossil fuels). ...
Sustainable Development is a collection of methods to create economic development which protects the environment, relieves poverty, and does not destroy natural capital in the short term at the expense of long term development. ...
For the physical concepts, see conservation of energy and energy efficiency. ...
Energy policy is the manner a given entity (often governmental) has decided to address issues of energy production, distribution and consumption. ...
Renewable energy (Non-Conventional Energy) is defined as energy derived from resources that are regenerative or for all practical purposes can not be depleted. ...
World consumption of primary energy, 1989-1998. ...
A bell-shaped production curve, as suggested by M. King Hubbert in 1956. ...
Crude oil prices, 2004-2006 (not adjusted for inflation) In 2005 the Swedish government announced their intention to become the first country to break their countrys dependence on oil and other ‘fossil raw materials’ by 2020 [1]. As of 2005, oil supplies provided about 32% of the countrys...
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