NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 2001 Macedonia conflict

The 2001 Macedonia conflict was an armed conflict which began when the ethnic Albanian National Liberation Army (NLA) militant group attacked the security forces of the Republic of Macedonia at the beginning of January 2001. The conflict lasted throughout most of the year, although overall casualties remained limited to several tens for either side, according to the sources from both of the sides in the conflict. This does not cite any references or sources. ... An animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second Yugoslavia; The different colors represent the areas of control. ... Combatants Bosnia and Herzegovina Volunteers from Islamic countries HVO Croatia Volunteers from Western Europe Republika Srpska Yugoslavia Various paramilitary units from Serbia and Montenegro Volunteers from Eastern Europe Commanders Alija IzetbegoviÄ‡ (President of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sefer HaliloviÄ‡ (Army chief of staff 1992-1993) Rasim DeliÄ‡ (Army chief of Staff... Combatants NATO Republika Srpska Commanders Willy Claes Ratko MladiÄ‡ Casualties 1 Mirage aircraft, 2 pilots POW Undisclosed The 1995 NATO bombing in Bosnia and Herzegovina (code-named by NATO Operation Deliberate Force) was a sustained air campaign conducted by the North-Atlantic military organization to undermine the military capability of... The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Combatants NATO (USAF, RAF, and other air, maritime and land forces) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and allied Serb paramilitary and foreign volunteer forces[1] Commanders Wesley Clark (SACEUR), Javier Solana (Secretary General of NATO) Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ (Supreme Commander of the Yugoslav Army), Vojislav Å eÅ¡elj, Dragoljub OjdaniÄ‡ (Chief of... Combatants FRY army Serbian police UCPMB Commanders Unknown Muhamet Xhemajli Ridvan Chazimi-Leshiâ€ [1] Casualties Unknown Assumed high by authorities Civilian casualties: The PreÅ¡evo Valley conflict [2] was a struggle between the Yugoslav federal government and an Albanian separatist organisation Liberation Army of PreÅ¡evo, MedveÄ‘a and Bujanovac... Languages Albanian Religions mostly Sunni Muslims, but also large amounts of Bektashi Muslims, Orthodox Christians, Catholic Christians, other. ... The National Liberation Army (Albanian: Ushtria Ã‡lirimtare KombÃ«tare - UÃ‡K ; Macedonian: ÐžÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð½Ð° Ð°Ñ€Ð¼Ð¸Ñ˜Ð° - ÐžÐÐ), also known as the Macedonian UÃ‡K, is a military organization that operated in the Republic of Macedonia in 2001. ... The Armed Forces of the Republic of Macedonia (Macedonian: ÐÑ€Ð¼Ð¸Ñ˜Ð° Ð½Ð° Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ° ÐœÐ°ÐºÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°) were formed in 1992 after withdrawal of the Yugoslav Peoples Army which left behind only a small number of infantry weapons and four broken World War 2-era T-34 tanks to equip the new army. ... For an explanation of terms related to Macedonia, see Macedonia (terminology). ...

Background

On gaining independence from Yugoslavia, Macedonia was set as a republic with unicameral parliament, a 120-seat National Assembly and a popularly elected President. Contrary to other former Yugoslav republics, it managed to separate from Yugoslavia without any real bloodshed. For the first seven years it was ruled by former socialists, who prevented the country from being drawn into any kind of conflict. The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (SDSM) could not push through the necessary reforms of the society and economy. On the contrary, during the 1990s it came under pressure for massive corruption and connections to local, Serbian, and Albanian organized crime, mainly consisting of large-scale smugglers, who acted against UN-imposed embargoes on Former Yugoslavia. Consequently, this government was voted out on parliamentary elections in 1998 in favour of a coalition of nationalist Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Democratic Alternative (DA), and the Democratic Party of Albanians (DPA). The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (Macedonian: Ð¡Ð¾Ñ†Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°Ð»Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ‚ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð¡Ð¾Ñ˜ÑƒÐ· Ð½Ð° ÐœÐ°ÐºÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ˜Ð° Socijaldemokratski Sojuz na Makedonija, SDSM) is a political party in the Republic of Macedonia. ... Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (Macedonian: Социјалдемократски Сојуз на Македонија Socijaldemokratski Sojuz na Makedonija, СДСМ SDSM... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... VMRO-DPMNE symbol The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (Macedonian: VnatreÅ¡no-Makedonska Revoluciona Organizacija-Demokratska Partija za Makedonsko Nacionalno Edinstvo), or VMRO-DPMNE is a political party in the Republic of Macedonia. ... The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (Macedonian: Vnatrešno-Makedonska Revoluciona Organizacija-Demokratska Partija za Makedonsko Nacionalno Edintsvo), or VMRO-DPMNE is a political party in the Republic of Macedonia. ... DA symbol The Democratic Alternative (Demokratska Alternativa) or DA is a centrist political party in the Republic of Macedonia. ... DA symbol The Democratic Alternative (Demokratska Alternativa) or DA is a centrist political party in the Republic of Macedonia. ... The Democratic Party of Albanians (Partia Demokratike Shqiptare/Demokratska Partija na Albancite) is a political party of the ethnic Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia. ... The Democratic Party of Albanians (Partia Demokratike Shqiptare/Demokratska Partija na Albancite) is a political party of the ethnic Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia. ...

Ethnic Tensions

The new government immediately faced immense problems and began losing popularity. By November 2000 the DA withdrew from the coalition and was replaced by the small Liberal Party. Political scandals and economic difficulties had a heavy impact on the government, which was considered as corrupt by the population as previous SDSM. Clearly, this situation had a severe impact on relations between the ethnic Macedonian majority and ethnic Albanian minority, which were already tense ever since country's independence even if not as bad as in Kosovo. On one side, the Albanians in Macedonia demanded greater cultural and educational rights, as well as representation in the government, armed forces and police; on the other side, large Serbian, Macedonian and Albanian, but also Greek and Bulgarian, smuggling bands were active in Macedonia in the 1990s. Their business flourished as long as the UN embargos against FRY were in force, and while SDSM was in power, almost nothing was done against their activity. Kosovo (Albanian: Kosova or KosovÃ«, Serbian: , transliterated ; also , transliterated ) is a region in southern Serbia which has been under United Nations administration since 1999. ... The word fry may mean: To cook in a pan (frying pan) with the optional use of fat, butter, or cooking oil by heating over a flame; to cook in boiling lard or fat; as, to fry chicken; to fry doughnuts. ...

However, the conflict between the Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo and the conduct of presidential elections in Macedonia in 1999, exacerbated inter-ethnic tensions. Charges of violence and ballot-stuffing highlighted tensions, further increased by a flood of 250.000 Kosovar Albanian refugees on the height of the Kosovo War. Eventually even the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) became present in Macedonia, establishing bases and supply centres from which it was dispatching fighters into FRY. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 639 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (801 Ã— 752 pixel, file size: 54 KB, MIME type: image/png)Ethnic map of the Republic of Macedonia (self made) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 639 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (801 Ã— 752 pixel, file size: 54 KB, MIME type: image/png)Ethnic map of the Republic of Macedonia (self made) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸ or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Ushtria Ã‡lirimtare e KosovÃ«s. ...

It did not last very long until some of Albanian bands formed their own militias: private "bodyguards" were available in sufficient number - and omnipresent whenever specific local bosses felt their rights or interests threatened. Due to the uprisings and chaos in Albania, in 1996, and then the war in Kosovo, there were now plenty of weapons available at low prices. Combatants Allied Powers (communist) Yugoslav Partisans (Macedonian National Liberation Army) Axis Powers Germany Italy Bulgaria Albania Commanders Josip Broz Tito Svetozar VukmanoviÄ‡-Tempo Mihajlo Apostoloski Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Bogdan Filov Strength ~25,000 - 1944 ~60,000 - 1944 Casualties Total casualties: 24,000 By nationality: (7,000 Jews, 6,000... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... National motto: None Official languages Macedonian2 Capital Skopje President Branko Crvenkovski Prime Minister Vlado Buckovski Area - Total - % water Ranked 145th 25,713 km² 1. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... The 1963 Skopje earthquake (Macedonian: , Latinic: 1963 Skopski zemjotres) was an earthquake which measured 6. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For an explanation of terms related to Macedonia, see Macedonia (terminology). ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia (in Macedonian: AntifaÅ¡istiÄko sobranie na narodnoto osloboduvanje na Makedonija, abbr. ... A group of ethnic Macedonian female partisans, participants in the Greek Civil War (1946 - 1949) on the side of the Democratic Army. ... The definition of Macedonia is a major source of confusion and debate because of the overlapping use of the term to describe geographical, political and historical areas, languages and peoples. ... Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century. ... Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century. ...

Smuggling has long traditions in the Balkans, and in the case of Macedonia in the 1990s even top government officials were involved in different smuggling operations with Kosovo and Albania which were mainly run by ethnic Albanians. During the crisis on Kosovo, in 1998 and 1999, large stockpiles of weapons intended for KLA were stored in depots in villages on the Macedonian border to Kosovo. Smuggling of fuels, narcotics, tobacco, white slaves, and even chocolate was widespread and top Macedonian political brass was getting financial compensation for doing nothing against such crimes. Whoever protested within the Macedonian authorities was removed from his post. This dangerous combination of ethnic tensions and organized crime now only needed a spark that would cause the fire. While redirecting smuggling channels from Kosovo to Macedonia and gearing up the propaganda machine against the Macedonian government especially among the ethnic Albanians living abroad, the NLA began attacking police and army personnel and facilities, but then also public facilities (like rail lines).

Overview

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Beginning of the Albanian insurgency

The first actions by ethnic Albanians in Macedonia occurred in late 2000 and early 2001, mainly along Macedonia's border with the United Nations-administered Serbian province of Kosovo. The insurgents acted in a pattern similar to the one seen in Kosovo in late 1997 and through 1998, according to which they gradually took over one village after the other. Any such efforts were initially “peaceful”, the non-Albanian population being “encouraged” to leave. ^[3] But, in January-February 2001 combat actions against legitimate authorities begun. The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is an interim civilian administration in Kosovo, under the authority of the United Nations. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment - Formation 812 - Kingdom established 1217 - Empire established 1346 - Independence lost to... Kosovo (Albanian: Kosova or KosovÃ«, Serbian: , transliterated ; also , transliterated ) is a region in southern Serbia which has been under United Nations administration since 1999. ...

The government at first did nothing against the situation because it received assurances, that what was going on was not directed against Macedonia. Satisfied with the answer and their payments the authorities waited for almost two months – and then the situation was almost immediately out of control, in fact so much that the government was taken by surprise. ^[4]

In January 2001 a group calling itself the National Liberation Army (NLA) appeared, claiming responsibility for attacks on police forces. The leaders of this NLA – including Ali Ahmeti and his uncle, Fazli Veliu, were all from Western Macedonia. They stated to have “between several hundreds and thousands” of fighters under arms. However, they were not supported by either of the two main ethnic Albanian political parties. The Macedonian government claimed that the rebels were actually members of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), who infiltrated the country from Kosovo. In fact, the NLA-fighters considered Kosovo as “safe heaven” where they could pull back in the case of larger Macedonian actions against them. ^[5] Ali Ahmeti (born January 4, 1959) is the political leader of the Democratic Union for Integration (Bashkimi Demokratik pÃ«r Integrim), a coalition partner in the Macedonian government, despite having once been charged with terrorism from the same government. ... Ushtria Ã‡lirimtare e KosovÃ«s. ...

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Grenade may refer to: The well-known hand grenade commonly used by soldiers. ...

Macedonian reprisals

After several attacks on Macedonian security forces, Macedonians took to the streets of some towns, attacking and setting on fire Albanian-owned shops, mosques and houses. Such attacks took place mainly in Prilep, Skopje and Bitola^[6]. Local Macedonian citizens in Prilep demanded weapons to attack neighboring Albanian-populated villages, which they claimed needed to be done "in order to save Macedonia". Those targeted in the attacks were mostly Albanians but also Macedonian Muslims.[1] Nickname: Location of the city of Prilep (red) within the Republic of Macedonia Coordinates: , Government - Mayor Marjan Risteski Area - City 1,194. ... The church of St. ... Nickname: Motto: Bitola, babam Bitola Location of the city of Bitola (red) within the Republic of Macedonia Coordinates: , Government - Mayor Vlademir Taleski Area - City 422. ... The Macedonian Muslims (Macedonian: ÐœÐ°ÐºÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð½Ñ†Ð¸ ÐœÑƒÑÐ»Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸ or Makedonski Muslimani), also known as Muslim Macedonians[3] or Torbesh (the later name is somewhat pejorative and means the bag carriers), are a minority religious group within the community of ethnic Macedonians who are Sunni Muslims, although not all espouse a Macedonian national identity. ...

Aftermath

Ceasefire and disarmament

After the Ohrid Agreement, the rebels agreed to cease-fire in June, however there were other agreements in August, before settling on a final one in January 2002. Under the Ohrid Agreement, the Macedonian government pledged to improve the rights of the Albanian population, that makes up just over 25.3 per cent of the population. Those rights include making Albanian language an official language, increasing the participation of ethnic Albanians in government institutions, police and army. Most importantly, under the Ohrid Agreement, the Macedonian government agreed to a new model of decentralization. The Ohrid Agreement, or the Ohrid Framework Agreement was the peace deal signed by the government of the Republic of Macedonia and Albanian representatives in 2001. ... Decentralization is the process of dispersing decision-making closer to the point of service or action. ...

The Albanian side agreed to give up any separatist demands and to fully recognize all Macedonian institutions. In addition, according to this accord the NLA was to disarm and hand over their weapons to a NATO force. â€œSeparatistsâ€ redirects here. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ...

Operation "Essential Harvest" was officially launched on 22 August and effectively started on 27 August. This 30-day mission involved approximately 3500 NATO and Macedonian troops to disarm the NLA and destroy their weapons. Just hours after NATO wrapped up the operation, Ali Ahmeti told reporters attending a news conference in the rebel stronghold of Sipkovica that he was dissolving the National Liberation Army and that it was time for ethnic reconciliation. Operation Essential Harvest (or Task Force Harvest) was officially launched on August 22, 2001 and effectively started on August 27. ...

Several months after the conflict, some armed provocations persisted. Small bombings and shootings used to happen. The most serious provocations happened when three Macedonian police officers were killed in an ambush by ethnic Albanian gunmen on November 12 2001.^[7] is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Casualties and displacement

Casualty figures remain uncertain. By March 19, 2001, the BBC reported that Macedonian security forces claimed five of their soldiers were killed, while the NLA claimed it had killed 11.^[8] No definitive NLA casualty figures were cited at the time. On December 25, 2001, the Alternative Information Network ⁽^[9] cited figures of 63 deaths claimed by Macedonian security forces for their side and 64 deaths claimed by the NLA for their fighters. About 60 ethnic Albanian civilians are thought to have been killed (some say 1000) while possibly about ten ethnic Macedonians died during the conflict (Macedonian authorities did not release figures for the latter at the time, some say there were 500).^[10] As of December 2005, the fate of twenty "disappeared" civilians —13 ethnic Macedonians, six ethnic Albanians and one Bulgarian citizen— remains unknown.^[11] By August 2001, the number of people displaced by the war reached 170,000 of which 74,000 displaced internally. As of January 2004, 2,600 remained displaced.^[12] is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, which is usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GBÂ£4 billion. ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 6 days remaining in the year. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with forced migration. ... Tailor in Labuje IDP camp in Uganda An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who has been forced to leave their home for reasons such as religious or political persecution or war, but has not crossed an international border. ...

Alleged war crimes

Although the conflict in Macedonia was brief, it was not scant of war crimes. The most notable incident was the infamous Vejce massacre where Albanian guerrillas, killed 8 Macedonian soldiers and dismembered and vandalized their corpses. On another occasion Albanian guerrillas inscribed their names with knives on the backs on some construction workers.^[13] Images of the massacre started local uprisings against Muslims, such revolts included burning and vandalising shops and mosques. Surviving members of the roadside patrol that were massacred gave eyewitness testimony of the killings. They claimed that the massacre was carried out by a group of 10 bearded guerillas with knives. The witnesses said that only one of the victims were shot and the remaining 7 victims were slaughtered with knives and some were even burned alive.^[14] Local residents of the village where the massacre took place do not allow family members of the victims to visit the site.^[15] In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...

On another occasion, NLA separatists shut down the Lipkovo Dam, leaving tens of thousands of civilians without water for weeks.

Among other crimes, the NLA militants blew up the 13th-century Orthodox monastery Sveti Atanasij in the village of Lesok[2] and is now under reconstruction.

In 2001, the U.S. recognized the NLA as a terrorist organization^{[citation needed]}.

A three-day operation by Macedonian police against the predominantly ethnic Albanian village of Ljuboten, from August 10-12, 2001. The operation left ten civilians dead and resulted in the arrest of more than 100 men, many of whom were severely beaten while in police custody. According to the Macedonian government there was a presence of Albanian National Liberation Army in the village, however the Human Rights Watch investigation on the ground in Ljuboten found no evidence of it. These events led to the trial of the Macedonian minister of internal affairs of the time, Ljube Boškovski, in the International War Crime Tribunal in The Hague.^[16]. Ljube BoÅ¡koski (Macedonian: ) (born October 24, 1960 in Tetovo, present-day Republic of Macedonia) was the former minister of internal affairs of the Republic of Macedonia. ... The Tribunal building in The Hague. ... Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006) - Municipality 98. ...

See also

The Ohrid Agreement, or the Ohrid Framework Agreement was the peace deal signed by the government of the Republic of Macedonia and Albanian representatives in 2001. ... Operation Essential Harvest (or Task Force Harvest) was officially launched on August 22, 2001 and effectively started on August 27. ... The 2001 South Serbia conflict was a struggle between the Serbian goverment and an Albanian separatist organisation Liberation Army of PreÅ¡evo, MedveÄ‘a and Bujanovac (UCPMB), created with the aim of annexating this area of southern Central Serbia to Kosovo. ...

References

Re 13, 15 Sadly, Reality Macedonia no longer exists. is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, which is usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GBÂ£4 billion. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, which is usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GBÂ£4 billion. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe is an institution aimed at strengthening peace, democracy, human rights and economy in the countries of South Eastern Europe. ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 6 days remaining in the year. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a pressure group that promotes human rights. ... Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (established December 14, 1950) protects and supports refugees at the request of a government or the United Nations and assists in their return or resettlement. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

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Slovenian War (1991)
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Preševo Valley conflict (2001)
Macedonia conflict (2001)

Background articles: Combatants Slovenia Territorial Defence SFR Yugoslavia Yugoslav Peoples Army Commanders Janez JanÅ¡a Veljko KadijeviÄ‡ Strength 16,000 Territorial Defence, 10,000 police 35,200 Yugoslav National Army personnel Casualties 18 killed, 182 wounded (official casualties) 44 killed, 146 wounded 5,000 prisoners (Slovenian Estimates) The Ten-Day War... Combatants Croatian Army Paramilitary organisations Republic of Serb Krajina Army Yugoslav Peoples Army Bosnian Serb Army Republic of Serbia Paramilitary organisations Commanders Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1992-1995) Atif... Combatants Bosnia and Herzegovina Volunteers from Islamic countries HVO Croatia Volunteers from Western Europe Republika Srpska Yugoslavia Various paramilitary units from Serbia and Montenegro Volunteers from Eastern Europe Commanders Alija IzetbegoviÄ‡ (President of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sefer HaliloviÄ‡ (Army chief of staff 1992-1993) Rasim DeliÄ‡ (Army chief of Staff... The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Combatants FRY army Serbian police UCPMB Commanders Unknown Muhamet Xhemajli Ridvan Chazimi-Leshiâ€ [1] Casualties Unknown Assumed high by authorities Civilian casualties: The PreÅ¡evo Valley conflict [2] was a struggle between the Yugoslav federal government and an Albanian separatist organisation Liberation Army of PreÅ¡evo, MedveÄ‘a and Bujanovac...

1990
An animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second Yugoslavia; The different colors represent the areas of control. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Ethnic Albania be merged into this article or section. ... Greater Serbia is a name for a Serbian nationalist concept. ... The Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts was a draft document produced by a committee of the Serbian Academy from 1985 to 1986. ... Serbs rule ... The Tribunal building in The Hague. ... Croatian nationalism, like Serbian nationalism, has a history in the emergent modern Balkans. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... The armed conflicts in Croatia, what was then Yugoslavia during the 1990s were characterized by widespread violations of human rights and humanitarian law. ... Serbia has a UN facility at is Belgrade Airport for applicants for asylum in accordance with international policies. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...

• Log Revolution
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1991
Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...

• Ten-Day War
• Plitvice Lakes incident
• Borovo Selo killings
• Dalmatian anti-Serb riots
• Battle of Dalmatia
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• Vukovar massacre
• Battle of the Barracks
• Lovas massacre
• Gospić massacre
• Baćin massacre
• Saborsko massacre
• Siege of Dubrovnik
• Operation Otkos 10
• Škabrnja massacre
• Operation Orkan 91
• Voćin massacre
Combatants Slovenia Territorial Defence SFR Yugoslavia Yugoslav Peoples Army Commanders Janez JanÅ¡a Veljko KadijeviÄ‡ Strength 16,000 Territorial Defence, 10,000 police 35,200 Yugoslav National Army personnel Casualties 18 killed, 182 wounded (official casualties) 44 killed, 146 wounded 5,000 prisoners (Slovenian Estimates) The Ten-Day War... The Plitvice Lakes incident of March 1991 (known in Croatian as Plitvice Bloody Easter, Krvavi Uskrs na Plitvicama / PlitviÄki Krvavi Uskrs) was a clash between security forces of the Republic of Croatia and armed Serb separatists. ... The Borovo Selo killings of 2 May 1991 (known in Croatia as the Borovo Selo massacre, Croatian:Pokolj u Borovom Selu and in Serbia as the Borovo Selo incident, Serbian: Ð˜Ð½Ñ†Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ‚ Ñƒ Ð‘Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¡ÐµÐ»Ñƒ) were one of the bloodiest incidents in the early stages of the breakup of Yugoslavia. ... The anti-Serb riots in Dalmatia happened in the Croatian cities of Zadar and Å ibenik on May 2nd, 1991, on the eve of the Croatian War of Independence. ... Combatants Yugoslavia (JNA) Local Serb forces Croatia (HV, police forces, HOS) Commanders Colonel Ratko MladiÄ‡ (JNA) Strength JNA 9th Corps (Knin): 63 tanks 45 APCs Other units 6th Operational Zone (Several infantry brigades) Map showing the location of Dalmatia, in present day Croatia Battle of Dalmatia (Croatian: Bitka za Dalmaciju... Combatants Yugoslav Peoples Army Serbian paramilitaries Local Serb militias Croatian National Guard Croatian police and militias Commanders Mladen BratiÄ‡â€ Å½ivota PaniÄ‡ Blago Zadroâ€ Mile DedakoviÄ‡ Branko BorkoviÄ‡ Strength Up to 36,000, depending on the phase of the battle Some 2,000 (in Vukovar) Casualties Unofficial Serbian figures: 1... OvÄara memorial The Vukovar massacre was an incident that took place between November 18 and November 21, 1991 near the city of Vukovar, a mixed Croat/Serb community in northeastern Croatia. ... Combatants Croatian Army (HV) Yugoslav Army (JNA) Commanders Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Various local commanders Veljko KadijeviÄ‡ (Chief of Staff of Yugoslav Peoples Army) Various local commanders Strength ? ? Casualties At least 15 dead ? At least: 250 tanks, 180 Armoured personnel carriers, 100 Self... Lovas on the map of Croatia Lovas is a village and seat of municipality in the Vukovar-Srijem county of eastern Croatia, located on the slopes of FruÅ¡ka Gora, a few kilometers south of the main road connecting Vukovar with Ilok. ... The GospiÄ‡ massacre was an incident that took place between 16 October-18 October 1991 in the town of GospiÄ‡, a mixed Serb/Croat community in the district of Lika in Croatia. ... Hrvatska Dubica on the map of Croatia Hrvatska Dubica is a village and a municipality in central Croatia in the Sisak-Moslavina county. ... A monument to victims of massacre in Saborsko One of the identified mass-graves in Saborsko The Saborskom massacre was a war crime [1] committed by Serb-led JNA (mostly consisted of Serbs) and rebel Serbs militia Militia of Republic of Serb Krajina (from neighbouring PlaÅ¡ki [2]) on October... Combatants Yugoslav Army (JNA), Montenegro Territorial Defence Forces Croatian Army (HV) Commanders Veljko KadijeviÄ‡ (Chief of Staff of Yugoslav Peoples Army) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (from 1992) Strength Between 7,500 and 20,000 men [1] Up to 2,000 soldiers... After the attacking forces of the 5th Yugoslav Peoples Army (JNA) corps (Banja Luka corps) had successfully crossed Sava river into Croatia captured OkuÄani in western Slavonia it was their primary objective to advance along Pakrac - GrubiÅ¡no Polje route and link up with th 28th partisan division... According to the census of 1991, Å kabrnja was inhabited by 1,953 people in 397 households, and the vast majority of them were Croats, there wasnt a single Serb resident. ... After successful completion of Operation Otkos 10, the first offensive operation of such scale by Croatian army in the homeland war, Croatian troops were in position to retake further territory and neutralize a number of serbian held military positions and fortifications. ... VoÄ‡in massacre was a massacre of between 45 and 55 Croatian civilians [1] in the village of VoÄ‡in, perpetuated by Serb paramilitary units in December 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence. ...

1992
Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ...

• Operation Maslenica
• Siege of Sarajevo
• Foča massacres
• Višegrad massacre
• Miljevci plateau incident
This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants ARBiH (1992-95) NATO (1995) JNA (1992) VRS (1992-95) Commanders Jovan Divjak Mustafa HajrulahoviÄ‡ Vahid KaraveliÄ‡ NedÅ¾ad AjnadÅ¾iÄ‡ Stanislav GaliÄ‡ (1992-94) Dragomir MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ (1994-95) Strength 40,000 (1992) 30,000 (1992) The Siege of Sarajevo was the longest siege in the history of... FoÄa massacres were crimes against humanity committed by Serb military, police and paramilitary forces on Bosniak civilians in FoÄa region including Gacko and Kalinovik from April 7, 1992 to January 1994. ... The ViÅ¡egrad massacre was an act of ethnic cleansing and mass murder of Bosniak civilians that occurred in the town of ViÅ¡egrad in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, committed by Bosnian Serb paramilitary forces of Milan LukiÄ‡ at the start of the Bosnian War during the spring of 1992. ... On June 21, 1992, the Croatian army attacked the Serbian Territorial Defense on the Miljevci Plateau near Drnis in front of the eyes of UN peacekeeping force (UNPROFOR). ...

1993
Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ...

• Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing
• Ahmići massacre
• Operation Neretva '93
• Operation Medak Pocket
The LaÅ¡va Valley ethnic cleansing, also known as the LaÅ¡va Valley case, refers to numerous war crimes committed during the Bosnian war by the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnias political and military leadership on Bosnian Muslim (Bosniak) civilians in the LaÅ¡va Valley region of Bosnia-Herzegovina. ... AhmiÄ‡i massacre occurred in 1993 during the Bosnian War. ... Combatants Bosniak forces: ARBiH Croat forces: HVO HV Commanders Sefer HaliloviÄ‡ Unknown Casualties 61 Croat civilians and POWs killed in the battle Operation Neretva 93 was a Bosnian Army operation against the Croatian Defence Council and Croatian Army in September 1993 and was launched in order to end the siege... Combatants Croatia Republic of Serbian Krajina Commanders Janko Bobetko, Petar StipetiÄ‡ Mile NovakoviÄ‡ Strength Over 2,500 soldiers, T-72 tanks, Large numbers of artillery ? Casualties 10 Croats killed, 17 wounded 38 Serbs killed, 50+ wounded Operation Medak Pocket (Croatian: MedaÄki dÅ¾ep) was a military operation undertaken by...

1994
Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ...

• First Markale massacre
• Banja Luka incident
• Operation Bøllebank
• Operation Amanda
Photograph from the scene, shortly after one of the massacres. ... Combatants Bosnian Serb Army USAF Strength 6 J-21 Jastreb 4+ F-16 Casualties 4 aircraft destroyed, pilots fate unknown none The Banja Luka incident, February 28, 1994, was an incident in which six Bosnian Serb Army-owned J-21 Jastreb light attack jets were engaged and four of them... During the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Operation BÃ¸llebank was the largest combat operation by Danish forces since 1864. ... Combatants Army of Republika Srpska Danish military (as part of UNPROFOR forces) Commanders Unknown Lt. ...

1995
Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...

• Operation Flash
• Zagreb rocket attack
• Tuzla massacre
• Mrkonjić Grad incident
• Srebrenica massacre
• Operation Summer '95
• Operation Storm
• Second Markale massacre
• NATO bombing of the RS
• Operation Mistral
• Operation Sana
• Dayton Agreement
Combatants Croatia Republic of Serbian Krajina Commanders Croatian Military Command Strength 7,200 soldiers 5000 soldiers Casualties 55 killed, 162 wounded 250 killed, 1,500 POW Operation Flash (Croatian: ) was a brief and successful offensive conducted in the beginning of May 1995 by the the Croatian Army, which removed Serb... The Zagreb rocket attack was a war crime conducted by Serb armed forces that fired ground-to-ground missiles on the Croatian capital of Zagreb. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants Bosnian Serb Army USAF Strength SA-6 missiles 2 F-16s Casualties none 1 aircraft destroyed The MrkonjiÄ‡ Grad incident, June 2, 1995, was an incident in which a Bosnian Serb Army SA-6 surface-to-air missile shot down a USAF F-16 near MrkonjiÄ‡ Grad, Bosnia. ... Burial of 505 identified Bosniak civilians (July 11, 2006) Burial of 610 identified Bosniak civilians (July 11, 2005 The Srebrenica Massacre, also known as Srebrenica Genocide,[1] was the July 1995 killing of an estimated 8,000 Bosniak males, in the region of Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina by units... Combatants Croatia (HV, HVO) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders General Ante Gotovina (HV) Strength Two HV Guard Brigades (4th Motorized, 7th Mechanized) Two HVO Guard Brigades (1st, 3rd Motorized) Other units Units of the 2nd Krajina Corps of the VRS (3 motorized brigades, 5 infantry brigades, 5 light brigades and support... Combatants Croatia (HV) Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH) Republic of Serbian Krajina (VSK) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders Zvonimir ÄŒervenko (HV) Atif Dudakovic (ABiH) Mile MrkÅ¡iÄ‡ (VSK) Strength 150,000 soldiers, 350 tanks, 400 artillery pieces, 50 rocket launchers, 50 aircraft and helicopters 40,000 soldiers, 150 tanks, 350 artillery pieces... Photograph from the scene, shortly after one of the massacres. ... Combatants NATO Republika Srpska Commanders Willy Claes Ratko MladiÄ‡ Casualties 1 Mirage aircraft, 2 pilots POW Undisclosed The 1995 NATO bombing in Bosnia and Herzegovina (code-named by NATO Operation Deliberate Force) was a sustained air campaign conducted by the North-Atlantic military organization to undermine the military capability of... Combatants Croatia (HV, HVO) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders General Ante Gotovina (HV) Strength Two HV Guard Brigades (4th Motorized, 7th Mechanized) Two HVO Guard Brigades (1st, 3rd Motorized) Other units Units of the 2nd Krajina Corps of the VRS (3 motorized brigades, 5 infantry brigades, 5 light brigades and support... Combatants ARBiH VRS Commanders Atif Dudakovic Zeljko Raznatovic Strength 25,000 20,000-30,000 est. ... The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol or Dayton-Paris Agreement, is the peace agreement reached at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio in November 1995, and formally signed in Paris on December 14...

1999
This article is about the year. ...

• Račak incident
• Rambouillet Agreement
• NATO bombing of the FRY
• Resolution 1244
• Operation Joint Guardian
The RaÄak incident (also called the RaÄak massacre or RaÄak operation) was a clash in the village of RaÄak, Kosovo, (known as ReÃ§ak in Albanian) on January 15, 1999 between Yugoslav security forces and Kosovo Liberation Army guerillas, in which 45 Albanian civilians died. ... The Rambouillet Agreement is the name of a proposed peace agreement between Yugoslavia and the Kosovo Albanian delegation. ... Combatants NATO (USAF, RAF, and other air, maritime and land forces) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and allied Serb paramilitary and foreign volunteer forces[1] Commanders Wesley Clark (SACEUR), Javier Solana (Secretary General of NATO) Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ (Supreme Commander of the Yugoslav Army), Vojislav Å eÅ¡elj, Dragoljub OjdaniÄ‡ (Chief of... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wikisource. ... Operation Joint Guardian was an military operation that occured inside the region of Kosovo, located inside the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ...

2001
Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

• 2001 Macedonia conflict
• Operation Essential Harvest
• Ohrid Agreement
Operation Essential Harvest (or Task Force Harvest) was officially launched on August 22, 2001 and effectively started on August 27. ... The Ohrid Agreement, or the Ohrid Framework Agreement was the peace deal signed by the government of the Republic of Macedonia and Albanian representatives in 2001. ...

Local states:

SFR Yugoslavia (SFRJ/SFRY)
FR Yugoslavia (SRJ/FRY) (now Serbia and Montenegro)
Slovenia
Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republic of Macedonia

Unrecognised states and entities: Image File history File links Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia. ... Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croatian (spoken throuout the territory), Slovenian, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian (all official), and languages of other nationalities. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_FR_Yugoslavia. ... Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbian Government Republic President - 1992 - 1993 Dobrica Ä†osiÄ‡ - 1993 - 1997 Zoran LiliÄ‡ - 1997 â€“ 2000 Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ - 2000 - 2003 Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Prime Minister - 1992 - 1993 Milan PaniÄ‡ - 1993 - 1998 Radoje KontiÄ‡ - 1998 - 2000 Momir BulatoviÄ‡ - 2000 - 2001 Zoran Å½iÅ¾iÄ‡ - 2001 - 2003 DragiÅ¡a Pe... Image File history File links Flag_of_Serbia. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment - Formation 812 - Kingdom established 1217 - Empire established 1346 - Independence lost to... Image File history File links Flag_of_Montenegro. ... Anthem Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, Bright Dawn of May Montenegro() on the European continent() â€” [] Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Official languages Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Demonym Montenegrin Government Republic - President Filip VujanoviÄ‡ - Prime Minister Å½eljko Å turanoviÄ‡ Independence due to the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro - Declared June 3, 2006... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovenia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_(1992-1998). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macedonia. ... For an explanation of terms related to Macedonia, see Macedonia (terminology). ...

Armies: Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 Ã— 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 Ã— 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Republika_Srpska. ... Anthem: BoÅ¾e Pravde2 (English: God of Justice) Patron Saint: Saint Stephen3 The location of Republika Srpska as part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Image File history File links Herzeg_Bosnia1993. ... Self-proclaimed Croatian entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia show in dark blue Capital Mostar Government Republic Governors (1992-1994) - Croatian zone of Bosnia and Herzegovina Mate Boban Historical era Yugoslav wars - Breakup of Yugoslavia June 25, 1991 - Secessions June 25, 1991 - April 27, 1992 - Proclaime of... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Western Bosnia map Map of Yugoslavia during war, showing the location of Western Bosnia The Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (Bosnian, Croatian or Serbian: Autonomna Pokrajina Zapadna Bosna, ÐÑƒÑ‚Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð½Ð° ÐŸÐ¾ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ˜Ð¸Ð½Ð° Ð—Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð° Ð‘Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°) was a de facto independent entity that existed in the territory of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1993 and 1995 as...

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA)
Slovenian Territorial Defence (TORS)
Croatian Army (HV)
Army of Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH)
Army of Republika Srpska (VRS)
Croatian Defence Council (HVO)
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)
Macedonian Army (ARM)

Military formations and volunteers: Image File history File links Note: This image is freely available on the internet from various sources in the public domain. ... The Yugoslav Peoples Army (YPA) (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslovenska narodna armija or Jugoslavenska narodna armija; Serbian and Macedonian: ÐˆÑƒÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ½ÑÐºÐ° Ð½Ð°Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð° Ð°Ñ€Ð¼Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°â€”JHA; Macedonian and Serbian Latin forms: Jugoslovenska narodna armija; Croatian and Bosnian: Jugoslavenska narodna armijaâ€”JNA; Slovene: Jugoslovanska ljudska armadaâ€”JLA) was the military force of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Military of Slovenia consists of the Slovenian Armed Forces (also Slovenian Army; officially Slovene Slovenska vojska; SAF/SV). ... Image File history File links Hkov. ... Emblem of the Ground Army The Croatian Ground Army (Croatian: Hrvatska kopnena vojska), commonly referred to as the Croatian Army (Hrvatska vojska) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia. ... Image File history File links Armija_BiH.svgâ€Ž Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... now. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Bosnian Serb Army, officially Army of the Republika Srpska (Serbian Ð’Ð¾Ñ˜ÑÐºÐ° Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐµ Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐµ/Vojska Republike Srpske, Ð’Ð Ð¡/VRS) is the military of the Bosnian Serb political entity of Republika Srpska. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Croatian Defence Council (Croatian Hrvatsko vijeÄ‡e obrane, HVO) was the main military unit of the Croats during the Bosnian War charged with achieving the military objectives of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia. ... Image File history File links Uck_kla_logo. ... Ushtria Ã‡lirimtare e KosovÃ«s. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macedonia. ... The Armed Forces of the Republic of Macedonia (Macedonian: ÐÑ€Ð¼Ð¸Ñ˜Ð° Ð½Ð° Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ° ÐœÐ°ÐºÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°) were formed in 1992 after withdrawal of the Yugoslav Peoples Army which left behind only a small number of infantry weapons and four broken World War 2-era T-34 tanks to equip the new army. ...

Serbian Radical Party Volunteers
Knindže
White Eagles
Serb Volunteer Guard
Croatian Defence Forces (HOS)
Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac (LAPBM)
National Liberation Army (NLA)
NATO

External states: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Serbian Radical Party (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐ° Ñ€Ð°Ð´Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð½Ð° ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ° or Srpska radikalna stranka, SRS) is a nationalist far-right political party in Serbia. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 Ã— 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 Ã— 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Sholder patch of the paramilitary group the White Eagles. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Serb Volunteer Guard PGH (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐ° Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ™Ð°Ñ‡ÐºÐ° Ð³Ð°Ñ€Ð´Ð°/Srpska dobrovoljaÄka garda) was a volunteer military unit founded and led by Å½eljko RaÅ¾natoviÄ‡, widely known as Arkan/junior. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Croatian Defence Forces (Croatian Hrvatska obrambene snage or HOS) was one of the first armed forces assembled by the Croats during the Croatian Homeland War and the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 479 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (482 Ã— 603 pixel, file size: 112 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Logo of the UCPMB, 2000-2001 This is a logo of an organization, item, or event, and is protected by copyright and/or trademark. ... The Liberation Army of PreÅ¡evo, MedveÄ‘a and Bujanovac (Albanian: Ushtria Ã‡lirimtare e PreshevÃ«s, MedvegjÃ«s dhe Bujanovcit - UCPMB) was a guerrilla group fighting for independence from Serbia for the three municipalities: PreÅ¡evo, MedveÄ‘a and Bujanovac, home to most of the Albanians of inner Serbia, adjacent... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 140 KB) Summary NLA Logo Licensing This is a logo of an organization, item, or event, and is protected by copyright and/or trademark. ... National Liberation Army is the name of several groups: National Liberation Army of Albania Macedoinian National Liberation Army Algerian National Liberation Army National Liberation Army (Bolivia). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_NATO.svg The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ...

Politicians: Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Vatican_City. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ...

Ante Marković
Borisav Jović
Slobodan Milošević
Milan Kučan
Janez Janša
Franjo Tuđman
Stjepan Mesić
Alija Izetbegović
Adil Zulfikarpašić
Radovan Karadžić
Milan Babić
Goran Hadžić
Milan Martić
Fikret Abdić
Ibrahim Rugova
Momir Bulatović
Boris Trajkovski

Top military commanders: Image File history File links Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia. ... Ante MarkoviÄ‡ (born November 25, 1924 in Konjic, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (now Bosnia and Herzegovina) was the last prime minister of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia. ... Borisav Jovic (born 1928) was a Serbian communist politician, who served as the Serbian member of the collective presidency of Yugoslavia during the late 1980s and early 1990s. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_FR_Yugoslavia. ... â€œMiloÅ¡eviÄ‡â€ redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovenia. ... Milan KuÄan Milan KuÄan (born January 14, 1941) Slovene politician and statesman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovenia. ... Janez JanÅ¡a (born September 17, 1958 as Ivan JanÅ¡a) in Ljubljana is a Slovenian politician and head of the Slovenian Democratic Party since 1995. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... â€¹ The template below (Foreignchar) is being considered for deletion. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... Stjepan Stipe MesiÄ‡ (born December 24, 1934) is a Croatian politician. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_(1992-1998). ... Alija IzetbegoviÄ‡ (August 8, 1925 â€“ October 19, 2003) was a Bosniak activist, lawyer, author, philosopher and politician, who, in 1990, became the first president of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_(1992-1998). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Republika_Srpska. ... Radovan KaradÅ¾iÄ‡ during a visit to Moscow in 1994. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 Ã— 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 Ã— 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... Milan BabiÄ‡ in Hague courtroom Milan BabiÄ‡ (February 26, 1956 â€“ March 5, 2006) was from 1991 to 1995 the leader of the Republic of Serbian Krajina, a largely Serb-populated region that broke away from Croatia. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 Ã— 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 Ã— 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... Goran Hadzic (b. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 Ã— 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 Ã— 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... Milan MartiÄ‡ (born 18 November 1954, near Knin, Yugoslavia) is an ethnic Serbian politician from Croatias Serbian minority. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Fikret AbdiÄ‡ (born September 29, 1939) is a Bosnian politician and businessman, mainly known for his role in the Bosnian War and his opposition to the government of Alija IzetbegoviÄ‡ in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Albania. ... Ibrahim Rugova (December 2, 1944 â€“ January 21, 2006) was the first President of Kosovo and of its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Montenegro_(1993-2004). ... Momir BulatoviÄ‡ (born September 21, 1956) is a former President of Montenegro and Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macedonia. ... Boris (Kiril) Trajkovski (June 25, 1956 - February 26, 2004) (Борис Трајковски in Cyrillic) was a president of the Republic of Macedonia (1999 - 2004). ...

Veljko Kadijević
Života Panić
Janko Bobetko
Mile Mrkšić
Ratko Mladić
Sefer Halilović
Agim Çeku
Dragoljub Ojdanić
Ljube Boškoski
Wesley Clark

Other notable military commanders: Image File history File links Note: This image is freely available on the internet from various sources in the public domain. ... Veljko KadijeviÄ‡ From left: Veljko KadijeviÄ‡ and Blagoje AdÅ¾iÄ‡. General Veljko KadijeviÄ‡ (Cyrillic: Ð’ÐµÑ™ÐºÐ¾ ÐšÐ°Ð´Ð¸jÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ›) (born 1925 in Glavina Donja near Imotski) was the minister of defence in the Yugoslav government from 1988 to 1992,[1] which makes him de facto commander of Yugoslav Peoples Army during Ten-Day... Image File history File links Note: This image is freely available on the internet from various sources in the public domain. ... General Å½ivota PaniÄ‡ (Cyrillic: Ð–Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ñ‚Ð° ÐŸÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ›) (born November 3rd, 1933 in Gornja Crnisava, Yugoslavia died November 19th, 2003 in Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro) was the last acting minister of defence amd army chief of staff in the Yugoslav government. ... Image File history File links Hkov. ... Janko Bobetko (1919 - 2003) was a Croatian army general and the Croatian armys Chief of the General Staff between 1992 and 1995. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 Ã— 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 Ã— 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... We dont have an article called Mile MrkÅ¡iÄ‡ Start this article Search for Mile MrkÅ¡iÄ‡ in. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Ratko MladiÄ‡ General Ratko MladiÄ‡ during UN-mediated talks at Sarajevo airport in 1993. ... Image File history File links Armija_BiH.svgâ€Ž Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Sefer HaliloviÄ‡ (born January 6, 1952) is a high-ranked general from Bosnia and Herzegovina, currently a war crimes suspect. ... Image File history File links Uck_kla_logo. ... Agim Ã‡eku (Serbo-Croat: Agim ÄŒeku) (born 29 October 1960 in the village of Cuska PeÄ‡ [1] in Kosovo, Serbia, then Yugoslavia), is the Prime Minister of Kosovo. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 570 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (981 Ã— 1032 pixel, file size: 250 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Arm patch of the Army of Yugoslavia, Army of Serbia and Montenegro and, still, Army of Serbia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macedonia. ... Ljube BoÅ¡koski (Macedonian: ) (born October 24, 1960 in Tetovo, present-day Republic of Macedonia) was the former minister of internal affairs of the Republic of Macedonia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_NATO.svg The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). ... Wesley Kanne Clark (born December 23, 1944) is a retired four-star general of the United States Army. ...

Blago Zadro
Ante Gotovina
Jovan Divjak
Atif Dudaković
Naser Orić
Ivica Rajić
Vojislav Šešelj
Mirko Jović
Kapetan Dragan
Željko Ražnatović
Nebojša Pavković
Hashim Thaci
Ramush Haradinaj
Suleiman Selimi
Muhamet Xhemajli
Ridvan Chazimi-Leshi †
Ali Ahmeti

Contents

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