This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses.

Rioting areas in the Paris region as of 4 November

A series of violent acts throughout France began near Paris on October 27, 2005 and have continued for eleven consecutive nights. [1] Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Jump to: navigation, search Ongoing events • Abramoff-Reed gambling scandal • Atlantic hurricane season • Avian influenza (H5N1) outbreak • Bali bombings investigation • UK Conservative Party leadership election • DeLay political financing scandal • Fuel prices / Peak oil • Irans nuclear program • Kashmir earthquake • London bombings investigation • Malawi food crisis • Niger food crisis • North Korea... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Paris_riots_satellite. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Paris_riots_satellite. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Jump to: navigation, search October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

These acts mainly consist in car and building arsons, and sometimes lead to riots, violent clashes occurring between hundreds of young, mostly French Muslim youths of North African descent [2] and the French Police. Central African Republic Children At Risk Cordillera Administrative Region Cost Accrual Ratio Computer-assisted reporting Cumulative average return This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Arson is the crime of setting a fire with intent to cause damage. ... Riots in Newark, New Jersey Riots occur when crowds of people have gathered and are committing crimes or acts of violence. ... Jump to: navigation, search Islam is the second largest religion in France, with approximately 4 to 6 million people of Islamic faith or with a Muslim cultural or ethnic background, of which an estimated 2 and 3 million people actively practice the religion. ... North Africa is a region generally considered to include: Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara The Azores, Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Madeira are sometimes considered to be a part of North Africa. ... Jump to: navigation, search The National Police (Police Nationale) is one of two national police forces and the main civil law enforcement agency of France, with primary jurisdiction in cities and large towns. ...

The rioting was triggered by the deaths of two teenagers of Mauretanian and Tunisian descent in Clichy-sous-Bois, a poor commune in an eastern banlieue (suburb) of Paris. Violence then spread to other parts of Seine-Saint-Denis. Additional violence has now spread to other areas of the Île-de-France région (Seine-et-Marne, Val-d'Oise, Suresnes) as well as to other cities in France (Rouen, Dijon, Toulouse, Lille, Paris, and other cities) [3][4][5][6]). Categories: Stub | Riots ... Mauretania was a Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa (named after the Mauri tribe, after whom the Moors were named), corresponding to western Algeria and northern Morocco. ... Jump to: navigation, search Clichy-sous-Bois, (from Roman Cleppius, 7th century Clippiacum superius, 12th century Clichiacum, formerly Clichy en Aulnois; 48°55′ N 2°33′ E) is a commune of the ÃŽle-de-France, in the eastern banlieue of Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis département. ... The commune (in French: commune, word appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin communia, gathering of people sharing a common life, from Latin communis, things held in common) is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. ... Jump to: navigation, search Banlieue is the French word for suburb. ... Seine-Saint-Denis is a French département located in the ÃŽle-de-France région. ... Capital Paris Area 12,011 km² Regional President Jean-Paul Huchon (PS) (since 1998) Population   - 2004 estimate   - 1999 census   - Density (Ranked 1st) 11,264,000 10,952,011 938/km² (2004) Arrondissements 25 Cantons 317 Communes 1,281 Départements Essonne Hauts-de-Seine Paris Seine-Saint-Denis Seine-et... Seine-et-Marne is a French département, named after the Seine and the Marne rivers, and located in the ÃŽle-de-France région. ... Val-dOise is a French département named after the Oise River, located in the ÃŽle-de-France région. ... Suresnes is a suburb of Paris in France. ... Location within France Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northern France, and presently the capital of the Upper Normandy région. ... Location within France Street in the centre of Dijon Dijon (   pronunciation?) is a city in eastern France, the préfecture (administrative capital) of the Côte-dOr département (county) and of the Bourgogne région. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Capitole, the 18th century city hall of Toulouse and best known landmark in the city; in the foreground is the Place du Capitole, a hub of urban life at the very center of the city Toulouse (pronounced in standard French, in local Toulouse accent) (Occitan... Jump to: navigation, search City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Nord-Pas de Calais Département Nord (59) Mayor Martine Aubry (PS) (since 2001) Area 39. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...

Sunday night and early Monday was the worst night of violence so far with 1,408 vehicles torched, 395 people arrested, and incidents still increasing in other cities throughout France. [7] Rioters have fired on police with pistols and shotguns in the southern Parisian suburb of Grigny, injuring 30 policemen, three of them seriously.[8] Altogether, the rioting is the worst to hit France since the 1968 student revolt [9]. Jump to: navigation, search For the coin, see pistole For the part of a flower, see pistil. ... Jump to: navigation, search A pump-action and two semi-automatic action shotguns and boxes of ammunition A shotgun is a firearm typically used to fire a number of small spherical pellets, the shot, from a smoothbore barrel of relatively large diameter. ... Jump to: navigation, search Nicolas de Grigny (baptised September 8, 1672 - November 30, 1703) was a French organist and composer. ... May 1968 poster: Be young and keep quiet In May 1968 a general insurrection broke out across France. ...

Historical context

General situation

The problem of the French suburbs has its roots in the reconstruction programmes that took place after the Second world war. During the 1950s, a housing shortage lead to the creation of shantytowns. The country welcomed young workers form the colonies, mostly from North and West Africa, to help in the rebuilding, and this immigration fed the shantytowns. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Jump to: navigation, search // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the... Shanty towns are units of irregular low-cost and self-constructed housing built on terrain seized and occupied illegally -- usually on lands belonging to third parties, most often located in the urban periphery of the cities. ... In various forms, France had colonial possessions since the beginning of the 17th century until the 1960s. ... // Etymology World map showing Africa (geographically) The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra — land of the Afri (plural, or Afer singular) — for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage, corresponding to modern-day...

The housing crisis led to the building of apartment blocks, or flats, which were at first inhabited by the middle class. As the housing situation improved, the middle class moved to better houses and the immigrants moved from the shantytowns to the blocks. The blocks are termed "HLM" – habitation à loyer modéré ("moderated rent flats"). A popular urban planning concept at this time was to separate areas of towns or cities according to several functions: living center (blocks), commercial center and working center, with the centers being connected by buses. This created an isolation of the living centers, with two consequences:

• there is no activity at night and on Sunday, and buses are scarce to the center of town;
• when unemployment started to rise in the late 1970s, the children did not see anybody working, as the working center was far away; in the 1990s, a lot of school-age children never saw their parents going to work, and never saw anyone working.

Moreover, some towns refused to build social buildings, and poor people were further concentrated in some towns; a typical example is Paris: when old buildings were destroyed, only high rent buildings were built, and the poor were "pushed" to the North suburbs (mainly Seine-Saint-Denis). The public services offered (number of policemen, post offices, etc.) did not follow the tremendous increase of the population in these areas. A lot of people consider this "ghettoisation". Jump to: navigation, search The 1970s in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1970 and 1979. ... Jump to: navigation, search // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but otherwise retaining the same mindset. ... Seine-Saint-Denis is a French département located in the Île-de-France région. ... The name ghetto refers to an area where people from a given ethnic background or united in a given culture or religion live as a group, voluntarily or involuntarily, in milder or stricter seclusion. ...

The immigrants are mainly employed as manual workers in industry and public work, and have little education; they were therefore the first hit by the energy crisis in 1973. The children of these people, born in France, feel ill at ease: their parents always worked hard and were honest, and the only reward seems to be unemployment. Additionally, they are torn between the culture of their parents, with an idealised view of their originating country, and the culture they have always known, French culture. The most obvious element of this dichotomy is the term "second generation immigrant" used in french: if they are born in France, they are not immigrants, but they are although not totaly considered French, except for paying taxes and doing military service... The children of North Africa immigrants call themselves "beur", which is verlan (french slang) for "arabe", although a lot of them are Berber and not arab. The notion of internal improvements or public works is a concept in economics and politics. ... Jump to: navigation, search An energy crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in the supply of energy to an economy. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... A long tradition exists in France of permuting syllables of words to create slang words. ... Jump to: navigation, search Slang is the non-standard use of words in a language of a particular social group, and sometimes the creation of new words or importation of words from another language. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Berbers (also called Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ʻarab) are an originally Arabian ethnicity widespread in the Middle East and North Africa. ...

They also endure less visible racism: they have problems getting a job, or renting a flat, or even getting into a nightclub, just because of their name or the color of their skin, although such discrimination officially illegal. They frequently complain about abusive identity control by the police ("face features offense", délit de faciès), and that people are mistrustful when they cross them in the street (women hold their bags tight, drivers close their doors). Jump to: navigation, search A nightclub (often shortened to club in both the UK and US) is an entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark. ...

The underground activity started to rise, with drug taking and dealing. Streets and building entrances are often controlled by gangs. This situation only rarely leads to real violence, and the inhabitants who suffer it were not heard, so the situation seemed to be tolerated until the 1980s (there are only about 400 homicides every year in France, 0.7 for 100,000 inhabitants, and they are mainly domestic violence related). As the parents are unemployed, the children reject their way of living, especially their honesty, as criminality brings "easy money" whereas honesty leads to poverty. The elder son — grand frère — becomes the ruler of the familly and the model for the young ones. Jump to: navigation, search // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... Homicide is the killing of another human being by one or more others. ... Domestic violence, by barest definition, is violence within a home. ...

In the 1990s, islamism starts to spread in these problematic areas. This phenomenon is revealed by the 1995 bombings by the Armed Islamic Group, supported by french citizens. The rise of fundamentalism leads to a decline of the human rights for women, especially forced marriage with necessity to be virgin, authoritative behaviour of the elder brothers (they are not allowed to go outside at night), and finally contestation of the laïcité principle. Some analyse this phenomenon by a need to regain pride. Jump to: navigation, search Islamism refers to a set of political ideologies derived from various conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalists, which hold that Islam is not only a religion, but also a political system that governs the legal, economic and social imperatives of the state. ... In 1995, the GIA Islamist militant group staged a series of attacks against the French public, targeting public transportation. ... The Armed Islamic Group (GIA, from French Groupe Islamique Armé; Arabic al-Jamaah al-Islamiyah al-Musallah) is a militant Islamist group with the declared aim of overthrowing the Algerian government and replacing it with an Islamic state. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... Jump to: navigation, search Marriage is a legal, social, and religious relationship between individuals which has formed the foundation of the family for most societies. ... A virgin is most commonly seen as a person who has not engaged in sexual intercourse. ... In France and some other French-speaking countries, laïcité (pronounced ) is a prevailing conception of the separation of church and state and the absence of religious interference into government affairs (and vice versa). ...

Previous urban violences

The first urban violence started in 1979 in Vaulx-en-Velin in the suburb of Lyon. But the first event which had wide media coverage was the violence in the Minguettes at Vénissieux, also near Lyon; at this time, there was a confusion between social demands and underground crime. After another violent episode in Vénissieux in march 1983, the Front national (french extremist political party) got a good result at the local elections. Recent times have been difficult to summarise with: Jump to: navigation, search This page refers to the year 1979. ... Jump to: navigation, search City motto: Avant, avant, Lion le melhor. ... Jump to: navigation, search Vénissieux is a commune of the Rhône département, in France. ... Jump to: navigation, search March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Front National can mean: Front National, a right-wing French political party. ...

• positive events, such as the "March for equality and against racism" (Marche pour l'égalité et contre le racisme) in 1983 and the womens movement Ni putes ni soumises ("Not whores nor submissives", created in 2003 after the murder of Sohane Benziane, 17 years old, burnt by her ex-boyfriend),
• and explosions of urban violence: mostly arson and stone throwing, mainly occurs when an inhabitant of the area is wounded or killed during a police operation (usually lasting a few days), or on New Year's Day.

Public policy also swings between: Jump to: navigation, search 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2003 (MMIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article is about January 1 in the Gregorian calendar. ...

• management of poverty and social isolation: deployment of social workers, associations acting for school help, prevention of criminality, etc.
• the reinforcement of police control to restore law and order.

Recent political context

In 2002, the campaign for the presidential election is focused on the problems of criminality in the suburbs, with frequent television reports on this topic. This is one of the reasons why Jean-Marie Le Pen, far-right candidate of the Front national, is placed second and entered the second voting round. Jump to: navigation, search 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... // Second Round First Round General Summary On May 1, Labour Day, the yearly demonstrations for workers rights were compounded by protests against Jean-Marie Le Pen. ... Jump to: navigation, search Portrait of Jean-Marie Le Pen. ... The term far-right refers to the relative position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Front National (National Front in English; acronym: FN) is a far-right political party in France, often accused of being racist on account of its opposition to immigration. ...

Nicolas Sarkozy is chosen as Interior minister with a clear aim: to lead both a strict policy of zero tolerance against underground criminality, and to promote social integration of the rejected. His action is often criticised becaus of his use and abuse of television, e.g. he organises police operations and calls the journalists to promote his action. This attitude leads to an irritation of the inhabitants of these subrurbs, which is not compensated by the other part of his policy, e.g. the relaxing of the "double penalty" (double peine, the fact that a legal foreigner in France who commits an offense can be expelled after his penalty), or his declarations for the positive discrimination and the participation to the local election of foreigners legally living in France. Jump to: navigation, search Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa (born January 28, 1955, in Paris, 17th arrondissement), simply known as Nicolas Sarkozy (French pronunciation ▶(?)), is a notable French politician. ... The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ... Zero tolerance is a strict approach to rule enforcement. ... Affirmative action (US English), or positive discrimination (British English), is a policy or a program providing advantages for people of a minority group who are seen to have traditionally been discriminated against. ...

Immediate causes

On Thursday October 27, 2005, a group of 10 high school teenagers were playing soccer in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois. When Police arrived to conduct immigration-ID checks, they ran away to hide. Three teenagers, thinking they were being chased by the police, climbed a wall to hide in a power substation[10] [11]. Two of the teenagers, Ziad Benna (17) and Banou Traoré (15), were electrocuted by a transformer in the electrical relay substation. The third man, Metin (21), was severely injured. He claims to have no memory of the incident [12]. Jump to: navigation, search October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search Clichy-sous-Bois, (from Roman Cleppius, 7th century Clippiacum superius, 12th century Clichiacum, formerly Clichy en Aulnois; 48°55′ N 2°33′ E) is a commune of the ÃŽle-de-France, in the eastern banlieue of Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis département. ... Jump to: navigation, search Rioting has taken place in Paris for the sixth consecutive night, from Thursday, October 27, 2005 [1], with violent clashes occurring between hundreds of youths and the French Police. ... Jump to: navigation, search On Thursday October 27, 2005, a group of 10 high school teenagers were playing soccer in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois. ... Sign warning of possible electric shock hazard An electric shock may occur upon contact of a human or animal body with electricity. ... Jump to: navigation, search A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy from one electrical circuit to another by magnetic coupling but without any moving parts. ... An aerial substation A substation is the part of an electricity transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed generally from high to low using transformers. ...

There is controversy over whether or not the teens were actually chased. The local prosecutor, François Molins, has said they believed so, but the police were actually after other suspects attempting to avoid an identity check [13]. Molins and Sarkozy maintain that the dead teenagers had not been "physically pursued" by the police. This is disputed by some: The Australian reports that "Despite denials by police officials and M Sarkozy and M de Villepin, friends of the boys said they were being pursued by police after a false accusation of burglary and that they 'feared interrogation'" [14]. The Australian is a national daily broadsheet newspaper published by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ...

Then, Sunday night, a tear gas canister of the type used by French police was fired into the Mosque de Bousquets[15]. At the time it was full of Muslims who were spending the night praying to celebrate Laylat al-Qadr, the holiest night in Ramadan. Jump to: navigation, search Mosque; Aswan, Egypt. ... Laylat ul-Qadr (Arabic: لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ ) (Night of Power) is the anniversary of the night on which, according to Islam, the Quran was first communicated to Muhammad (see surat Iqra. ...

Meanwhile, Sarkozy (who heads the national police and is widely believed to be a candidate in the French Presidential election) vowed that he would get rid of "scum" and "riffraff"[16][17]. Previously, on June 20, 2005, he had said he would clean the suburbs with a high-powered hose, which might have played a role in the exasperation of the rioters. After Sarkozy made these statements the parents of the dead youths refused a planned meeting with the hardline conservative minister [18], choosing instead to meet with Prime Minister of France Dominique de Villepin. National police are the primary source of law enforcement activities in some countries, such as Italy, France and Japan, and are organised on a national basis. ... The 2007 presidential election will herald the first contest since Frances rejection of the European constitution in May 2005. ... Jump to: navigation, search June 20 is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 194 days remaining. ... Kärcher is a German manufacturer of cleaning systems, particularly known for its high-pressure cleaners. ... The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin (born November 14, 1953, in Rabat, Morocco), simply known as Dominique de Villepin   listen?, is a French diplomat and politician. ...

The teenagers' deaths, the tear gassing at the mosque, and statements by police seem to have ignited pre-existing tensions. Protesters told the Associated Press the unrest was an expression of frustration with high unemployment and police harassment in the areas. One protester said, "People are joining together to say we've had enough," and continued, "We live in ghettos. Everyone lives in fear." [19][20] The rioters' suburbs are also home to a large North African immigrant population, adding ethnic and religious tensions which many believe contribute further to such frustrations. Adding to the religious tensions, an incendiary device was tossed at the wall of a synagogue and three Catholic churches have been attacked with Molotov cocktails. It remains to be seen whether this will elicit a response from the French Jewish community[21], many of whose members fear to wear Jewish symbols due to annual trend of increasing attacks by Muslim youth [22]. For further discussion on the background of the conflicts, see below. Associated Press logo This article concerns the news service. ... Jump to: navigation, search A ghetto is an area where people from a specific ethnic background or united in a given culture or religion live as a group, voluntarily or involuntarily, in milder or stricter seclusion. ... A synagogue or synagog (from Greek συναγωγη, transliterated sunagoge, place of assembly literally meeting, assembly) is a Jewish house of prayer and study. ... Jump to: navigation, search A church building (or simply church) is a building used in Christian worship. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ...

Timeline

Youths and riot police face off in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois on October 29, 2005.

• Thursday, October 27 - 1st night of rioting
  • Rioting first began in Clichy-sous-Bois, in the evening, after the deaths of Ziad Benna and Banou Traoré, whose deaths were witnessed by at least one friend. Gangs, mostly consisting of hundreds of youths, clashed with police, throwing rocks and Molotov cocktails at police forces and firefighters, setting cars on fire, and vandalizing buildings. A shot was reportedly fired at police. [23]
  • Police fired tear gas at the rioters. About 27 people were detained. 23 police officers and 1 journalist were wounded. The number of rioters and bystanders injured is not known.[24]
    
  • French employee Jean-Claude Irvoas is beaten to death by youths in Épinay-sur-Seine in front of wife and 16 year-old daughter. [25]

• Friday, October 28 - 2nd night of rioting
  • Rioters in Clichy-sous-Bois apparently set more than 30 cars alight and made barricades of those cars, along with dustbins, which firefighters worked to clear away.
  • At least 200 riot police and crowds of young rioters clashed in on-and-off, running battles, on the night of the 28th and the early morning of the 29th. [26]

• Saturday, October 29 - 3rd night of rioting
  • About 500 people took part in a silent march through Clichy-sous-Bois, in memory of the teenagers. [27] Representatives of the Muslim community appealed for calm and dignity at the procession. Marchers wore t-shirts printed with the message mort pour rien "dead for nothing". [28]

• Sunday, October 30 - 4th night of rioting
  • A tear gas grenade was launched into the de Bousquets mosque, on what for Muslims is the holiest night of the holy month of Ramadan. Police denied responsibility but acknowledged that it was the same type used by French riot police. Speaking to 170 police officers at Seine-Saint-Denis prefecture in Bobigny (the local authority overseeing Clichy-sous-Bois), Nicolas Sarkozy said, "I am, of course, available to the Imam of the Clichy mosque to let him have all the details in order to understand how and why a tear gas bomb was sent into this mosque." Eyewitnesses also reported that police called women emerging from the mosque "whores" and other names [29].

• Monday, October 31 - 5th night of rioting
  • It was reported that the rioting had spread to other parts of Seine-Saint-Denis. In nearby Montfermeil, the municipal police garage was set on fire.
  • Michel Thooris, an official of police trade union Action Police CFTC (who only represents a minority of the police civil servants), described the unrest as a "civil war" and called on the French Army to intervene. [30]

• Tuesday, November 1 - 6th night of rioting
  • Rioting had spread to nine other suburbs, across which 69 vehicles were torched.
  • A total of 150 arson attacks on garbage cans, vehicles and buildings were reported.
  • The unrest was particularly intense in Sevran, Aulnay-sous-Bois and Bondy, all in the Seine-Saint-Denis region, which is considered to be a "sensitive area of immigration and modest incomes."
  • In Sevran, youths set fire to two rooms of a primary school, along with several cars. Three officers were slightly injured. [31]
  • In Aulnay-sous-Bois, rioters threw Molotov cocktails at the town hall and rocks at the firehouse; police fired rubber bullets at advancing rioters.
  • French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin met with the families of Ziad Benna, Banou Traoré, and the third male who was also hiding in the electrical substation. The Prime Minister expressed the "need to restore calm." [32]

• Wednesday, November 2 - 7th night of rioting
  • Reports suggest rioters briefly stormed a police station while 177 vehicles were torched.
  • One government official claims that live rounds were fired at riot police.
  • Two primary schools, a post office, and a shopping centre were damaged and a large car showroom set ablaze.
  • Police vans and cars were stoned as gangs turned on police.
  • Rioting had spread west-ward to the area of Hauts-de-Seine where a police station was bombarded with home-made Molotov cocktails.
  • Jacques Chirac, the President of France, made appeals for calm, and Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin held an emergency cabinet meeting. De Villepin issued a statement saying "Let's avoid stigmatising areas", an apparent rebuke to his political rival, Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy, who has called the rioters "scum" (racaille). [33] [34] [35].
  • A woman on crutches in her fifties, Joëlle M., was doused with petrol in Sevran-Beaudotes and set on fire as she exited a bus; "She was rescued by the driver (Mohammed Tadjer) and hospitalized with severe burns" [36] [37]

• Thursday, November 3 - 8th night of rioting
  • Traffic was halted on the RER B suburban commuter line which links Paris to Charles de Gaulle airport after unions called for a strike.
  • Rioters attacked two trains overnight at the Le Blanc-Mesnil station, forced a conductor from one train and broke windows, the SNCF rail authority said. A passenger was lightly injured by broken glass. [38]
  • For the first time the riots spread outside of Paris, spreading to Dijon with sporadic violence in Bouches-du-Rhone in the south and Rouen in the west of France.
  • In Parliament, de Villepin pledged again to restore order as his government has come under criticism for its failure to prevent the violence.
  • Around 100 firemen were called to put out a blaze at a carpet factory while twenty-seven buses were set alight.
  • 500 cars were torched and arson occurred in Aulnay-sous-Bois, Neuilly-sur-Marne, Le Blanc Mesnil, and Yvelines.[39][40][41][42] [43]. Additionally, 7 were burned in Paris [44], and others had their windows broken out near the metro station La Chapelle. Nationally, 593 vehicles were torched Thursday.

• Friday night, November 4 - 9th night of rioting
  • Violence continued in Val d'Oise, Seine-et-Marne and Seine-Saint-Denis. Arson and attacks on vehicles occurred in Aubervilliers, Sarcelles, Montmagny and Persan.
  • French police claim incidents Thursday night have diminished in intensity compared to the previous night, with only fifty vehicles set on fire [45]. Prefect Jean-François Cordet said in a statement that "contrary to the previous nights, there were fewer direct clashes with the forces of order."
  • Siyakah Traoré, the brother of one of the two dead teenagers, called for rioters to "calm down and stop ransacking everything." [46].
  • Violence spread to Lille and Toulouse for the first time [47].

• Saturday (day time), November 5
  • Police reported the discovery of a bomb making factory for producing gasoline bombs inside of a derelict building in Evry, south of Paris, raising questions on the possibility of planning well in advance of the riots. Six minors have been arrested.
  • Several thousand residents of Aulnay-sous-Bois joined a march in protest against the riots, initiated by the commune's mayor, Gérard Gaudron.
  • At noon, Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin met with Nicolas Sarkozy and other cabinet members.
  • Yves Bot, public prosecutor of the city of Paris, on Europe 1 radio described the events as organized violence[48], well beyond spontaneously erupting riots. Bot alleged that adolescents in other cities were being incited to commence rioting via the internet, saying that the violence was directed against institutions of the Republic, but he denied it being ethnic in character.

• Saturday night, November 5 - 10th night of rioting
  • Around France, 897 vehicles were torched and 170 people arrested [49].
  • An incendiary device was tossed at the wall of a synagogue Pierrefitte [50].
  • Firefighters were attacked while rescuing a sick person in Meaux.
  • Violence continued both within and outside Paris. In Grigny, two schools were set on fire.
  • Another school was set on fire in Vigneux.
  • A nursery school was burned in Acheres, west of Paris, outraging residents who demanded that the French Army be deployed or that a citizen's militia be formed[51].
  • In Torcy, close to Disneyland Paris, rioters set fire to a police station and a youth center. [52]
  • Additional attacks occured in Avignon (Vaucluse), Saint-Dizier (Haute-Marne), Soissons (Aisne), Nantes (Loire-Atlantique), Montauban (Tarn-et-Garonne) and in the north at Lille, Roubaix, Tourcoing, Mons-en-Baroeuil. Other incidents occured in Cannes, Nice, and Toulouse.[53].
  • In the Normandy city of Evreux, over 50 cars, a shopping center, a post office, and two schools were burned. [54]. 253 people were arrested.

• Sunday morning, November 6 - 10th night of rioting
  • Cars torched in central Paris for the first time, in the historic third district. There, citizens urged for the French Army to be deployed
  • In Evreux, a shopping mall, 50 vehicles, a post office and two schools were vandalized.
  • The total number of vehicles torched during the night is estimated at 1,295, the highest number so far. 193 people were arrested. An extra 2,300 police were drafted. [55].
  • In broad daylight on Sunday, a Belgian RTBF news crew was physically assaulted in Lille, injuring a cameraman.
  • A Korean female journalist from KBS TV was knocked unconscious with repeated punches and kicks to her face and head in Aubervilliers [56]
  • As of Sunday morning, tenth night, the total number of people arrested since October 27 surpassed 800, and the total number of vehicles set on fire is estimated to be around 3,500. [57] [58]
• Sunday night, November 6 - 11th night of rioting
  • Rioters fired large-caliber ammunition from pistols and hunting rifles in the southern Parisian suburb of Grigny, injuring 34 policemen, three of them seriously. 90 People have been arrested.[59] [60]
  • For the first time, Catholic churches have been attacked with Molotov cocktails in Liévin and Lens in Pas-de-Calais and Sète in Hérault.
  • A 61-year-old man, Jean-Jacques Le Chenadec, a former Renault employee, lies in grave condition after being beaten when he went to check on a garbage can fire in the suburb of Stains [61].
  • 840 vehicles have been torched during the night.
  • In the first incident outside France, five cars were torched in Saint-Gillis, Brussels, Belgium.[62]
  • Rioters fired shotguns at police in Paris. [63]

Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links 2005_Paris_suburb_riots. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links 2005_Paris_suburb_riots. ... Jump to: navigation, search October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search Clichy-sous-Bois, (from Roman Cleppius, 7th century Clippiacum superius, 12th century Clichiacum, formerly Clichy en Aulnois; 48°55′ N 2°33′ E) is a commune of the ÃŽle-de-France, in the eastern banlieue of Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis département. ... Jump to: navigation, search Rioting has taken place in Paris for the sixth consecutive night, from Thursday, October 27, 2005 [1], with violent clashes occurring between hundreds of youths and the French Police. ... Jump to: navigation, search On Thursday October 27, 2005, a group of 10 high school teenagers were playing soccer in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois. ... 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Location within France Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northern France, and presently the capital of the Upper Normandy région. ... Firefighter with an axe A firefighter, sometimes still called a fireman though women have increasingly joined firefighting units, is a person who is trained and equipped to put out fires, rescue people and in some areas provide emergency medical services. ... Jump to: navigation, search Aulnay-sous-Bois is a town and commune of France, in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris. ... Neuilly-sur-Marne is a commune of the Seine-Saint-Denis département, in France. ... Le Blanc-Mesnil is a town and commune in France, in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris. ... Yvelines is a French département in the région of ÃŽle-de-France. ... Jump to: navigation, search November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... 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Coat of arms of Avignon Avignon (pronounced in IPA, Provençal: Avignoun) is a commune in southern France with some 88,300 inhabitants in the city itself and 155,500 in the Greater Avignon area. ... For other uses of the name Vaucluse, see Vaucluse (disambiguation) Vaucluse is a département in the south of France. ... Saint-Dizier is a city in the Haute-Marne département in the Champagne-Ardenne Region of France. ... Haute-Marne is a département in the northeast of France named after the Marne River. ... The city of Soissons in the Aisne département, Picardie, France on the Aisne River is about 60 miles northeast of Paris and is one of the most ancient cities of France, and is probably the ancient capital of the Suessiones. ... Aisne is a département in the northern part of France named after the Aisne River. ... Jump to: navigation, search City motto: Favet Neptunus eunti. ... Loire-Atlantique (formerly Loire-Inférieure) is a département on the west coast of France named after the Loire River and the Atlantic Ocean. ... Montauban (Montalban in Occitan) is a town and commune of southwestern France, préfecture (capital) of the Tarn-et-Garonne département, 31 miles north of Toulouse. ... Tarn-et-Garonne is a French département in the southwest of France. ... Jump to: navigation, search City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Nord-Pas de Calais Département Nord (59) Mayor Martine Aubry (PS) (since 2001) Area 39. ... Location within France Roubaix is a city of northern France, in the Nord département, located near the cities of Lille and Tourcoing and the Belgian border. ... Jump to: navigation, search Location within France Tourcoing is a city and commune of northern France, in the Nord département, located near the cities of Lille and Roubaix and the Belgian border. ... Overview of Cannes from Le Suquet The seaside town of Cannes, in southern France, as seen from a ferry speeding towards lîle Saint Honorat Cannes (Canas in Provençal) (pronounced ) is a city and commune in southern France, located on the Riviera, in the Alpes-Maritimes département. ... Jump to: navigation, search City motto: Nicæa civitas. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Capitole, the 18th century city hall of Toulouse and best known landmark in the city; in the foreground is the Place du Capitole, a hub of urban life at the very center of the city Toulouse (pronounced in standard French, in local Toulouse accent) (Occitan... Évreux is a commune of Normandy, France, in the Eure département, of which it is the préfecture (capital). ... Jump to: navigation, search November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... Categories: France geography stubs | Arrondissements of Paris ... 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Assessment of rioting

Assessments of the extent of violence and damage that occured during the riots are under way. Figures may be incomplete or inaccurate.

source: Ministère de l'Intérieur

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Areas affected in Île-de-France

Areas affected (partial)

• Paris (IIIe arrondissement)
• Seine-Saint-Denis: Aubervilliers, Épinay-sur-Seine, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine
• Yvelines: Achères, Les Mureaux
• Seine-et-Marne: Meaux, Torcy
• Val-de-Marne: Champigny, Ormesson-sur-Marne
• Essonne: Corbeil-Essonnes, Saint-Michel-sur-Orge, Brétigny-sur-Orge
• Hauts-de-Seine: Suresnes, Clamart
• Val-d'Oise: Villiers-le-Bel

Capital Paris Area 12,011 km² Regional President Jean-Paul Huchon (PS) (since 1998) Population   - 2004 estimate   - 1999 census   - Density (Ranked 1st) 11,264,000 10,952,011 938/km² (2004) Arrondissements 25 Cantons 317 Communes 1,281 Départements Essonne Hauts-de-Seine Paris Seine-Saint-Denis Seine-et... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Paris_suburb_riots. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Paris_suburb_riots. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Categories: France geography stubs | Arrondissements of Paris ... Seine-Saint-Denis is a French département located in the ÃŽle-de-France région. ... Aubervilliers is a town and commune of France, in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris, on which it is bordering. ... Épinay-sur-Seine is a town and commune of France, in the northern suburbs of Paris. ... Pierrefitte-sur-Seine is a commune of the Seine-Saint-Denis département and a suburb of Paris, located between Saint-Denis and the Val dOise département. ... Yvelines is a French département in the région of ÃŽle-de-France. ... Seine-et-Marne is a French département, named after the Seine and the Marne rivers, and located in the ÃŽle-de-France région. ... Meaux is a town in the Seine-et-Marne département of France, near the Marne River. ... Val-de-Marne is a French département, named after the Marne River, located in the ÃŽle-de-France région. ... Champigny-sur-Marne is a town and commune of France, in the south-eastern suburbs of Paris, on the Marne River. ... The French département of Essonne is part of the région of ÃŽle-de-France. ... Corbeil-Essonnes is a town and commune in the Essonne département, in France. ... Jump to: navigation, search Brétigny-sur-Orge is a commune of the Essonne département, in France. ... Hauts-de-Seine is a département in France. ... Suresnes is a suburb of Paris in France. ... Clamart is a city and commune in France, in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, on the left bank of the Seine. ... Val-dOise is a French département named after the Oise River, located in the ÃŽle-de-France région. ...

Other French areas affected

Spread of rioting and vehicule's vandalisms (chronological animation 3 Nov. - 5 Nov.)

• Aisne: Soissons
• Alpes-Maritimes: Drap, Nice, Saint-André, Cannes
• Bas-Rhin: Strasbourg
• Côte d'Or: Dijon
• Doubs: Montbéliard
• Eure: Évreux [64]
• Finistère: Brest, Quimper
• Gironde: Bègles, Blanquefort, Bordeaux, Lormont
• Haute-Garonne: Toulouse
• Haute-Marne: Saint-Dizier
• Haute-Normandie: Rouen
• Hautes-Pyrénées: Tarbes
• Haut-Rhin: Colmar, Illzach, Mulhouse
• Ille-et-Vilaine: Saint-Malo, Rennes
• Loir-et-Cher: Blois
• Loire-Atlantique: Nantes
• Loiret: Montargis, Orléans
• Mayenne: Laval
• Meurthe-et-Moselle: Nancy
• Moselle: Metz, Rombas, Thionville
• Nord: Dunkerque, Hem, Lille (Lille-Sud neighborhood), Mons-en-Baroeul, Roubaix, Tourcoing, Valenciennes, Wattrelos
• Oise: Beauvais, Méru, Nogent-sur-Oise, Creil
• Pas-de-Calais: Calais, Arras
• Puy-de-Dôme: Clermont-Ferrand
• Pyrénées-Atlantiques: Pau
• Rhône : Lyon, Rillieux-la-Pape
• Sarthe: Le Mans
• Saône-et-Loire: Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône
• Seine Maritime: Le Havre, Rouen
• Somme: Amiens
• Tarn-et-Garonne: Montauban
• Territoire de Belfort: Belfort
• Vaucluse: Avignon

Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links France_Riots_Animation. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links France_Riots_Animation. ... Aisne is a département in the northern part of France named after the Aisne River. ... The city of Soissons in the Aisne département, Picardie, France on the Aisne River is about 60 miles northeast of Paris and is one of the most ancient cities of France, and is probably the ancient capital of the Suessiones. ... Alpes_Maritimes is a département in the extreme southeast corner of France. ... Jump to: navigation, search City motto: Nicæa civitas. ... Overview of Cannes from Le Suquet The seaside town of Cannes, in southern France, as seen from a ferry speeding towards lîle Saint Honorat Cannes (Canas in Provençal) (pronounced ) is a city and commune in southern France, located on the Riviera, in the Alpes-Maritimes département. ... History The département was created on March 4, 1790, during the French Revolution. ... Jump to: navigation, search City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Alsace Département Bas-Rhin (67) Mayor Fabienne Keller (UMP) (since 2001) Area 78. ... Côte-dOr is a département in the eastern part of France. ... Location within France Street in the centre of Dijon Dijon (   pronunciation?) is a city in eastern France, the préfecture (administrative capital) of the Côte-dOr département (county) and of the Bourgogne région. ... Doubs is a département in eastern France named after the Doubs River. ... Montbéliard (German: Mömpelgard) is a commune in the Doubs département, in eastern France. ... Eure is a département in the north of France named after the Eure River. ... Évreux is a commune of Normandy, France, in the Eure département, of which it is the préfecture (capital). ... Finistère (Penn-ar-Bed in Breton) is a département of France, located in Brittany (Bretagne in French). ... Location within France Brest, at the tip of Brittany Brest (population of the city: 146,000 inhabitants as of 2004 estimates; population of the metropolitan area: 303,484 inhabitants as of 1999 census) is a city in the Bretagne région, north-west France, subprefecture of the Finistère d... Location within France Quimper (Kemper in Breton) is a commune of northwestern France. ... Gironde is a département in the southwest of France named after the Gironde Estuary. ... Jump to: navigation, search City motto: Lilia sola regunt lunam undas castra leonem. ... Haute-Garonne is a département in the southwest of France named after the Garonne river. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Capitole, the 18th century city hall of Toulouse and best known landmark in the city; in the foreground is the Place du Capitole, a hub of urban life at the very center of the city Toulouse (pronounced in standard French, in local Toulouse accent) (Occitan... Haute-Marne is a département in the northeast of France named after the Marne River. ... Saint-Dizier is a city in the Haute-Marne département in the Champagne-Ardenne Region of France. ... Capital Rouen Area 12,318 km² Regional President Alain Le Vern (PS) (since 1998) Population  - 2004 estimate  - 1999 census  - Density (Ranked 13th) 1,805,000 1,780,192 147/km² (2004) Arrondissements 6 Cantons 112 Communes 1,420 Départements Eure Seine-Maritime Note: The flag of Normandy is also... Location within France Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northern France, and presently the capital of the Upper Normandy région. ... Hautes-Pyrénées is a département in southwestern France. ... Tarbes, Musée des Beaux-Arts Location within France Tarbes is a French city and commune, in the département of Hautes-Pyrénées, of which it is the préfecture. ... Haut-Rhin is a French département, named after the Rhine river. ... Houses on a canal, Colmar Location within France Colmar is a city and commune in the Haut-Rhin département of Alsace, France. ... Mulhouse (Mülhausen in German, Milhüsa in Alsatian) is a town and commune in eastern France. ... Ille-et-Vilaine is a département of France, located in Brittany (Bretagne in French) in the northwest corner of France. ... Categories: France geography stubs | Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine ... Location within France The Parlement de Bretagne (Parliament of Brittany), the most famous building in Rennes, was rebuilt after a terrible fire in 1994. ... Loir-et-Cher is a département in north-central France named after its two principal rivers. ... Blois is a city in France, the préfecture (capital) city of the Loir-et-Cher département, situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orléans and Tours. ... Loire-Atlantique (formerly Loire-Inférieure) is a département on the west coast of France named after the Loire River and the Atlantic Ocean. ... 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Political and police response

An official of Action Police CFTC, an "ultra-minority" police trade union [65], described the riots as a "civil war", and called on the French Army to intervene [66], [67]. This caused outrage, notably triggering responses from the UNSA-Police union, which represents the majority of riot police, describing the situation in less dramatic terms [68]. In response to the riots, French Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy stated that police officers should be armed with non-lethal weapons to combat urban violence [69]. The French government, even prior to these riots, has been equipping law enforcement forces with less-lethal weapons (such as "flash-balls" and Tasers) in order to better deal with petty delinquency and urban unrest, especially in poor suburban communities. Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Jump to: navigation, search A civil war is a war in which the competing parties are segments of the same country or empire. ... Jump to: navigation, search French soldiers of the IFOR in Mostar, 1995. ... Non-lethal force is force which is not inherently likely to kill or cause great bodily injury to a living target. ... Summary An electroshock gun or stun gun, is a weapon used for subduing a person by administering an electric shock. ...

Nicolas Sarkozy, who has consistently advocated a tough approach to crime, is a major probable contender for the 2007 presidential election. Success or failure on his part in quelling violence in suburban ghettos may thus have far-ranging implications. Any action by Sarkozy is likely to be attacked by the political opposition, as well as by members of his political coalition UMP who also expect to run for the presidency. Le Monde, in a 5 November editorial [70] reminisces about the "catastrophic" elections of 2002 where right-wing candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen managed to enter the second round of voting, showing concern that a similar situation might arise in the upcoming elections as a backlash to the riots. The 2007 presidential election will herald the first contest since Frances rejection of the European constitution in May 2005. ... Union for a Popular Movement Uridine monophosphate, cf. ... Le Monde is a French daily evening newspaper with a circulation in 2002 of 389,200. ... // Second Round First Round General Summary On May 1, Labour Day, the yearly demonstrations for workers rights were compounded by protests against Jean-Marie Le Pen. ... Jump to: navigation, search Portrait of Jean-Marie Le Pen. ...

After the fourth night of riots, Sarkozy declared a zero-tolerance policy towards urban violence and announced that 17 companies of riot police (C.R.S.) and 7 mobile police squadrons (escadrons de gendarmerie mobile) would be stationed in contentious Paris neighborhoods. Sarkozy has said that he believes that some of the violence may be at the instigation of organized gangs. "... All of this doesn't appear to us to be completely spontaneous," he said [71]. Undercover police officers were sent to identify "gang leaders, drug traffickers and big shots." Sarkozy's approach was criticized by left-wing politicians who called for greater public funding for housing, education, and job creation, and refraining from "dangerous demagoguery" [72]. Sarkozy was further criticized after he referred to the rioters as racaille and voyous [73] (translating to "scum" [74], "riff-raff" [75], "thugs" [76] or "hoodlums" [77]). Jump to: navigation, search A CRS officier in normal gear, standing by a Bastille Day parade The Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (often abbreviated to CRS) are the riot control forces and general reserve of the French National Police. ... Jump to: navigation, search Gendarmes guarding the Paris Hall of Justice Gendarmerie motorcyclists police the roads and autoroutes of rural France. ...

Nicolas Sarkozy

During his visit to Clichy-sous-Bois, the Interior Minister was to meet with the families of the two youths killed, but when the tear gas grenade was sent into the Clichy mosque, the families pulled out of the meeting. Banou Traoré's brother Siyakah said, "There is no way we're going to see Sarkozy, who is incompetent. What happened in the mosque is really disrespectful." [78] The families finally met Dominique de Villepin on 3 November. Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Nicolas_Sarkozy_UMP.jpg Summary Nicolas Sarkozy, head of the UMP party, photograph from the official organisation chart of UMP available from the public download page of UMP (PDF), shrunk version Copyright © 2005 UMP Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Nicolas_Sarkozy_UMP.jpg Summary Nicolas Sarkozy, head of the UMP party, photograph from the official organisation chart of UMP available from the public download page of UMP (PDF), shrunk version Copyright © 2005 UMP Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current... Jump to: navigation, search Clichy-sous-Bois, (from Roman Cleppius, 7th century Clippiacum superius, 12th century Clichiacum, formerly Clichy en Aulnois; 48°55′ N 2°33′ E) is a commune of the ÃŽle-de-France, in the eastern banlieue of Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis département. ... Jump to: navigation, search November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ...

The left-wing newspaper Libération cited the exasperation of suburb youth at the harassment by the police and Interior Minister Sarkozy ("lack of respect") [79]. A schoolkid parent declaration that "Torching a school is unacceptable, but the one who put on the fire is Sarkozy" was all over the French press, including conservative Le Figaro [80].

Azouz Begag, delegate minister for the promotion of equal opportunity, made several declarations about the recent unrest, opposing himself to Interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy for the latter's use of "imprecise, warlike semantics", which he says cannot help bring back calm in the affected areas [81]. Jump to: navigation, search Azouz Begag (b. ...

On November 5, Paris prosecutor Yves Bot told Europe 1 radio that "This is done in a way that gives every appearance of being coordinated." Some Aulnay-sous-Bois residents, as reported by Reuters, suspect that the riots were linked to the drug trade or even coordination by Islamic fundamentalists [82]. Meanwhile, other Aulnay-sous-Bois residents interviewed considered this unjustified. Jeremie Garrigues, 19, doubted this was the case. "If those kids had been organized, they would have done much worse -- they would have used guns and bombs against the town hall and the prefecture," he argued. "Those are all politicians' theories," remarked an Algerian woman named Samia, whose main concern was how frightened her children were by the unrest. "We live here in reality." [83] Jean-Marie Huet, director of criminal affairs and graces, after visiting an artisanal factory of molotov cocktails, said that "this is not really spontaneous trouble anymore"; he further stated "Correlations are made and situations are compared. No one has yet established that there should be any sort of underground organisation" [84]. Jump to: navigation, search November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... Europe 1 formely knowned as Europe n° 1 is a privately-owned radio created in 1955. ... Jump to: navigation, search Reuters Group plc is best known as a news service that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters. ... The phrase Islamic fundamentalism is primarily used in the West to describe Islamist groups. ...

Possible underlying causes

Racial and religious tensions

Many residents of Clichy-sous-Bois and nearby areas are first or second generation immigrants from former French colonies, and half of the suburb's population of 28,000 are under the age of 25. The Seine-Saint-Denis département has the largest Arab concentration in France (around 30%), and similarly high unemployment rates (30% in La Courneuve, 23% in Clichy-sous-Bois, rising to 50% among the youth). During the 1960s, following the French rule in Algeria, an estimated one million Arabs and Berbers from North Africa, mostly Muslims, immigrated to France. A large number of them live on the outskirts of Paris, where a so-called "white flight" has occurred, causing drastic changes in the racial, religious, and economic demographics of Parisian neighbourhoods turning many formerly middle class/lower middle class areas into dangerous ghettos. La Courneuve in a northern suburb of Paris, France, in the Seine Saint-Denis département. ... Jump to: navigation, search The 1960s in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ... Jump to: navigation, search // French rule in Algeria, 1830–1962 Most of Frances actions in Algeria, not least the invasion of Algiers, were propelled by contradictory impulses. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Berbers (also called Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Jump to: navigation, search White flight is a colloquial term for the demographic trend of upper and middle class white people moving away from (predominantly non-white) inner cities, finding new homes in nearby suburbs or even moving to new locales entirely, e. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... The name ghetto refers to an area where people from a given ethnic background or united in a given culture or religion live as a group, voluntarily or involuntarily, in milder or stricter seclusion. ...

The BBC reports that French society's perceptions of Islam and of immigrants have alienated some French Muslims and may have been a factor in the causes of the riots; "Islam is seen as the biggest challenge to the country's secular model in the past 100 years," and the "assertiveness of French Islam is seen as a threat not just to the values of the republic, but to its very security," due to "the worldwide rise of Islamic militancy." The BBC also questioned whether such alarm is justified, citing that France's Muslim ghettos are not hotbeds of separatism and that "the suburbs are full of people desperate to integrate into the wider society". [85] This article is an overview article about the Crown chartered British Broadcasting Corporation formed in 1927. ... Jump to: navigation, search Islam ▶(?) (Arabic: الإسلام al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Jump to: navigation, search Islam is the second largest religion in France, with approximately 4 to 6 million people of Islamic faith or with a Muslim cultural or ethnic background, of which an estimated 2 and 3 million people actively practice the religion. ... Rewrite of the Islamism article This page and Islam as a political movement were proposed (by whom?) as a replacement for Islamism which is disputed. ...

According to a November 7 article in the New York Times, "while a majority of the youths committing the acts are Muslim, and of African or North African origin, the mayhem has yet to take on any ideological or religious overtones," and noted that youths in the affected regions in Paris say that "second-generation Portuguese immigrants" and "some children of native French" have been involved in the violence as well. [86] The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...

History of violence in affected areas

Seine-Saint-Denis has one of the highest violent crime rates of all French départements. Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy said in an October 2005 interview with Le Monde that vandalism and violent crime (including hate crimes) are a matter of daily life in suburbs all over France. He has also claimed that so far as of October 31, 2005, 9000 police cars had been stoned, and 20 to 40 cars were torched each night in the rioting. [87] The Gendarmerie Nationale reported 2,432 vehicles torched and 12,362 incidents of urban violence in 2004. [88] The French newspaper Le Figaro reports that on October 27, 2005 a 56 year old white man was beaten to death in front of his wife and daughter, by a group of youths in Epinay. [89] Previously, in October 2001, a synagogue in Clichy-sous-Bois was attacked with a Molotov cocktail and the same synagogue was attacked again in August 2002. [90] A violent crime or crime of violence is a crime in which the offender uses or threatens violent force upon the victim. ... Jump to: navigation, search Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa (born January 28, 1955, in Paris, 17th arrondissement), simply known as Nicolas Sarkozy (French pronunciation â–¶(?)), is a notable French politician. ... Le Monde is a French daily evening newspaper with a circulation in 2002 of 389,200. ... Jump to: navigation, search Vandalism is the conspicuous defacement or destruction of a structure or symbol. ... A hate crime (bias crime), loosely defined, is a crime committed because of the perpetrators prejudices. ... Jump to: navigation, search October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining, as the final day of October. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Arson is the crime of setting a fire with intent to cause damage. ... Gendarmes guarding the Paris Hall of Justice Gendarmerie motorcyclists police the roads and autoroutes of rural France. ... Le Figaro is one of the leading French morning daily newspapers. ... Jump to: navigation, search October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search Épinay-sur-Seine is a town and commune of France, in the northern suburbs of Paris. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... A synagogue or synagog (from Greek συναγωγη, transliterated sunagoge, place of assembly literally meeting, assembly) is a Jewish house of prayer and study. ... Jump to: navigation, search Clichy-sous-Bois, (from Roman Cleppius, 7th century Clippiacum superius, 12th century Clichiacum, formerly Clichy en Aulnois; 48°55′ N 2°33′ E) is a commune of the ÃŽle-de-France, in the eastern banlieue of Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis département. ... Molotov cocktail is the generic name for a variety of crude incendiary weapons. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Union nationale des syndicats autonomes (UNSA) des policiers, a police work union, has suggested that recent budget cuts in the "proximity police" ("police de proximité", police units in charge for preventing crime and tensions in the "cités") should be reversed. [91]

Organized crime

Some observers have suggested that there the police are meeting resistance not just from revolutionary or radical rioters but also from dealers of illicit drugs and other organized crime. An eye-witness social worker stated that some of the rioters possessed expensive cars and mobile phones. The social worker suggested that they were drug dealers and noted that, "When the government is determined to fight this underground economy, there's bound to be resistance." [92]

Technology-assisted riot coordination

French national police spokesman, Patrick Hamon, was quoted in the Wall Street Journal as saying that there appeared to be no coordination among gangs in different areas. But he said youths in individual neighborhoods were communicating by cellphone text messages or email -- arranging meetings and warning each other about police operations. According to the Guardian, (November 6, 2005), Hamon said, "what we notice is that the bands of youths are, little by little, getting more organized, arranging attacks through cell phone text messages and learning how to make gasoline bombs." The police have found a gasoline bomb-making factory in a derelict building; Justice Ministry official Jean-Marie Huet told The Associated Press that gasoline bombs "are not being improvised by kids in their bathrooms." The apparent role of the Internet in helping to coordinate and cause unrest was also noted. [93] The Wall Street Journal is an influential international daily newspaper published in New York City, New York with an average daily circulation of 1,800,607 (2002). ... Associated Press logo This article concerns the news service. ...

Poverty

According to The Guardian, "the unrest has highlighted tensions between wealthy big cities and their grim ghettoised banlieues, home to immigrants from the Maghreb and West Africa who have never been fully integrated into French society and have become an underclass for whom hopelessness and discrimination are normal." The BBC described "discontent among many French youths of North African origin" and discrimination against immigrants, highlighting that "the pressure group SOS Racisme regularly highlights cases of employers discarding applicants with foreign names." [94] Jump to: navigation, search The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... Jump to: navigation, search Banlieue is the French word for suburb. ... Jump to: navigation, search (see also North Africa, Tamazgha, Arab Maghreb Union, Mashreq) The Maghreb (المغرب العربي ; sometimes also rendered Moghreb), meaning western in Arabic, is the region of the continent of Africa north of the Sahara desert and west of the Nile - specifically, the modern countries of Morocco, Western Sahara (annexed... West Africa is the region of western Africa that is generally considered to include the countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte dIvoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. ... This article is an overview article about the Crown chartered British Broadcasting Corporation formed in 1927. ...

World reaction

•  Iran - The Iranian minister of foreign affairs has demanded that France treat its minorities with respect and protect their human rights. [95]

•  Italy - Opposition leader Romano Prodi called on the Italian government to take urgent action, telling reporters: "We have the worst suburbs in Europe. I don't think things are so different from Paris. It's only a matter of time. [96]

•  Libya - The leader of Libya, Muammar al-Qaddafi spoke with French President Jacques Chirac by telephone and offered to help with the situation.[97]

•  Russia - The Russian Foreign Ministry issued a warning for its citizens traveling in France on Thursday, Nov. 3. [98]

•  Senegal - The Senegalese president, Abdoulaye Wade, at the time on a visit to Paris, reacted to the events by declaring that France must "dissolve the ghettos, and integrate all Africans asking to be integrated." [99]

•  Turkey - The Turkish prime minister named the French prohibition of headscarves in schools to be one of the reasons for the upsurge of violence in the banlieues. He stated this in an interview with the Turkish newspaper Milliyet. [100]

•  United States - The United States on Friday, November 4, issued a warning to Americans traveling in France to avoid areas in and around Paris where angry protesters have set fire to buildings and cars. State Department spokesman Sean McCormack said the U.S. Embassy in Paris warned of rioting in parts of the capital and beyond and urged travelers to move away quickly if they encountered demonstrations. Asked to comment directly on the riots, McCormack said it was a French internal issue, but added: "Certainly, as anybody would, we mourn the loss of life in these kinds of situations. But, again, these are issues for the French people and the French government to address." [101].

Large flag of Iran Description of the flag : The shape in the center of the flag is a stylized representation of the word Allah in the shape of a tulip, a symbol of martyrdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Jump to: navigation, search Romano Prodi (born in Reggio Emilia on August 9, 1939) is an Italian politician and a former President of the European Commission. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Libya. ... Jump to: navigation, search Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi Muammar Abu Minyar al-Qaddafi 1 (Arabic: معمر القذافي Mu`ammar al-QadhdhāfÄ«) (born circa 1942 near Sirte, Libya), has been the leader of Libya since 1969. ... Jump to: navigation, search Jacques René Chirac â–¶(?), (born November 29, 1932 in Paris) is a French politician. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Large flag of Senegal Image originally derived from the public domain flags of the CIA World Factbook. ... Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Senegalese people ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ...

References

• ABC News. (Oct. 29, 2005). "Youths Riot for a Second Night in Paris". Associated Press.

• Rousseau, Ingrid (Oct. 31, 2005). "France to Step Up Security After Riots", Associated Press.

• Gecker, Jocelyn (Nov. 2, 2005). "French government in crisis mode". Associated Press.

• Gecker, Jocelyn (Nov. 2, 2005). "Seventh Day of Violence Erupts Near Paris". Associated Press.

• (Nov. 3, 2005). "Chirac plea as Paris riots escalate". Associated Press.

• Keaten, Jamey (Nov. 3, 2005). "French residents can only watch amid riots". Associated Press.

• (Nov. 4, 2005). "Disabled Woman Set Ablaze". Sky News.

• (Nov. 4, 2005). "Paris Riots in Perspective". ABC News.

• (Nov. 5, 2005). "Riots spread to suburbs". New Straits Times, p. 24.

• Heneghan, Tom (Nov. 5, 2005). "Paris seeks 'hidden hands' in riots". Reuters.

• (Nov. 6, 2005). "France's Chirac says restoring order top priority". Reuters.

ABC is a widely used three-letter abbreviation that may refer to: Organizations // Look up ABC and abc in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Associated Press logo This article concerns the news service. ... Associated Press logo This article concerns the news service. ... Associated Press logo This article concerns the news service. ... Associated Press logo This article concerns the news service. ... The New Straits Times is a Malaysian English language newspaper. ... Jump to: navigation, search Reuters Group plc is best known as a news service that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters. ... Jump to: navigation, search Reuters Group plc is best known as a news service that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters. ...

External links

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2005 French urban violence

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French riots continue into second week

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Eyewitness blog reports

• Clichy-sous-bois riots: youth accuse the police
• Bellum civile ou Civil War in Paris, par Francis Moury
• Zero tolerance in Clichy-sous-bois
• November 4 : an eyewitness account
• Paris Rioting : A Digest of Francophone Blogs
• Eyewitness account by Antoine Germa
• Blog in honor of 2 dead youth. Comments by others somehow deleted

Photographs

• Yahoo! and News photos of the riot
• Reuters image gallery
• Pictures from the BBC

Editorials

• "The Barbarians at the Gates of Paris" Theodore Dalrymple, City Journal, Autumn 2002
• "The Fatherland Betrayed by The Republic" by Jean Raspail in Le Figaro magazine (France, June 17, 2004)
• "Paris is Burning: Racism and Repression Explode in Week of Uprisings" (indymedia.org)