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Encyclopedia > 2008 Tibetan unrest

Yellow refers to areas in the People's Republic of China that have been designated as Tibetan autonomous areas.
Yellow refers to areas in the People's Republic of China that have been designated as Tibetan autonomous areas.

The 2008 Tibetan unrest, also known as the 3•14 Riots in China, began with demonstrations on March 10, 2008 (Tibetan Uprising Day), the 49th anniversary of the failed 1959 Tibetan uprising against Beijing's rule. The protests and subsequent riots began when 300 monks demanded the release of other monks detained since last fall, but soon after, political demands surfaced and the protest turned violent.[1] Tibetans attacked non-Tibetan ethnic groups. Rioting, burning and looting began on March 14.[2] Tibet Autonomous Region + Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures + Tibetan Autonomous Counties Base map is Image:China administrative. ... Tibet Autonomous Region + Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures + Tibetan Autonomous Counties Base map is Image:China administrative. ... The Tibetan people are a people indigenous to Tibet and surrounding areas stretching from Central Asia in the West to Myanmar and China in the East. ... In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Unions titular nations, a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as autonomous within the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... is the 69th day of the year (70th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is a multi-ethnic unitary state and, as such, officially recognizes 56 ethnic groups (or Mínzú, 民族), within China. ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


The unrest happened during the week when major local government leaders were away for the annual National People's Congress in Beijing. According to Wen Jiabao, the Premier of the People's Republic of China, attacks on non-Tibetan interests in the Tibet Autonomous Region and several other ethnic Tibetan areas occurred at about the same time as attacks on dozens of Chinese embassies and consulates.[3] The Great Hall of the People, where the NPC convenes The National Peoples Congress (全国人民代表大会 in Pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì, literally Pan-Nation Congress of the Peoples Representatives), abbreviated PNCOTPR, is the highest legislative body in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Wen Jiabao (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Wen Chia-pao) (born September 1942) is the Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Premier ( Chinese: 总理 pinyin: zŏnglĭ), sometimes referred to as the Prime Minister, is the Chairman of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China and head of Central Peoples Government. ... This article is about the administrative region of the Peoples Republic of China. ...


Wen Jiabao accused Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th and current Dalai Lama, of masterminding the violence,[3] while the Dalai Lama denied the accusation and said that the uprisings were caused by wide discontent in Tibet.[4] The tension between these two key players leading up to the 2008 Olympics in Beijing has drawn significant international press coverage of human rights violations in China.[5][6] The Dalai Lama claimed that he supports the Beijing Olympics, saying that it is "deserving for the Chinese people to host the Olympic Games",[7] but his envoy has called for the Chinese government to put an end to the military crackdown and drop Tibet from the Olympic torch route.[8][9] On May 4, 2008, Chinese government representatives met with two personal representatives of the Dalai Lama in Shenzhen, in southern China. The two sides agreed to hold further meetings.[10] Wen Jiabao (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Wen Chia-pao) (born September 1942) is the Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Tenzin Gyatso is the fourteenth and current Dalai Lama. ... This article is about the Dalai Lama lineage. ... This article is about the Dalai Lama lineage. ... (Redirected from 2008 Olympics) The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, will be held in Beijing in the Peoples Republic of China from August 8, 2008 to August 24, 2008, with the opening ceremony to take place at 8 PM on August 8... Peking redirects here. ... This article is about the Dalai Lama lineage. ... For other uses, see Shenzhen (disambiguation). ...


Information is scarce because Chinese authorities have restricted the ability of foreign and Hong Kong media to enter and freely report on the region,[11] with the exception of James Miles, a correspondent from The Economist, who gained approval for a week-long trip which happened to coincide with the increase in tensions.[12][2] On March 27, following a promise by premier Wen Jiabao to allow the media back in as soon as practicable, the Chinese authorities organised a controlled tour of Lhasa by foreign media.[13] Chinese authorities have also reportedly attempted to block access to several major internet media outlets by Chinese citizens during the turmoil.[14][15] State power within the government of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is divided among three bodies: the Communist Party of China, the state, and the Peoples Liberation Army, (PLA). ... Media in Hong Kong are available to the public in the forms of: television and radio, newspapers, magazines and the Internet. ... The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ... Wen Jiabao (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Wen Chia-pao) (born September 1942) is the Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Contents

[edit] Background

The political situation in Tibet makes the area especially sensitive, but there are also a number of simmering socio-economic issues that may have led to the riots in Lhasa on March 14th. The Economist reporter James Miles, when asked if the Dalai Lama was responsible for the riots in an interview, responded that he "didn't see any evidence of any organized activity" and that "it's more likely that what we saw was yes inspired by a general desire of Tibetans both inside Tibet and among the Dalai Lama's followers, to take advantage of this Olympic year. But also inspired simply by all these festering grievances on the ground in Lhasa,"[16] and he noted in another report that "The rioting seemed to be primarily an eruption of ethnic hatred."[2] Some Tibetans also complained about social discrimination, unequal pay, and rumors that Tibetan monks had been arrested, and even killed, in the days before the riots.[17] This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... For other uses, see Lhasa (disambiguation). ... The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ...


In recent years, many migrants from other parts of China have been moving into Lhasa and now own many of the city's small businesses. Tibetans in Lhasa are also angered by the inflation that has caused the prices of food and consumer goods to increase. Residents were worried that a railway built to link Lhasa to other areas of China would increase the number of migrants in the city, but they accepted it because the government assured them that cheaper transportation would keep prices lower. However, as in other parts of the country, prices have continued to rise, creating resentment amongst the residents of Lhasa.[2] The Tibetan youth complain about not having equal access to jobs and education[18].


The People's Republic of China government's reclaiming of Tibet in 1951 and the failed revolt in 1959 continue to generate tensions. While recognized by most countries and the United Nations, the legitimacy of Chinese sovereignty has been questioned by advocates of Tibetan independence. However the Dalai Lama has excluded independence from consideration, while demanding autonomy within China.[19] UN redirects here. ... Flag of Tibet between 1912 and 1950. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso (born Llhamo Döndrub (Tibetan: ; Wylie: Lha-mo Don-grub) 6 July 1935 in Qinghai [1]), is the fourteenth and current Dalai Lama. ...


The twelfth Samding Dorje Phagmo, considered to be Tibet's only female living Buddha, was quoted saying that "The sins of the Dalai Lama and his followers seriously violate the basic teachings and precepts of Buddhism and seriously damage traditional Tibetan Buddhism's normal order and good reputation." She told Xinhua that "Old Tibet was dark and cruel, the serfs lived worse than horses and cattle." [4] Xinhua (Chinese:新华通讯社/新華通訊社, pinyin:xīnhuá tōngxùnshè) is also the short for Xinhua News Agency Xinhua (Chinese:新化县/新化縣, pinyin:xīnhuà xiàn) is a county in Hunan,China, See Xinhua County. ...


[edit] Violence and protests in Lhasa

An eyewitness stated that police cars, fire engines and other official vehicles were set on fire after anger erupted following the police's dispersal of a peaceful demonstration near a small temple in Lhasa.[20] According to CNN, Police used gunfire and tear gas to break up the protest.[21] "The monks are still protesting. Police and army cars were burned. There are people crying," she said.[22] Tensions in Lhasa increased as the city's three biggest monasteries were sealed off by thousands of soldiers and armed police amid the largest protests in nearly two decades. Chinese authorities reportedly fired warning shots and used tear gas and electric prods to disperse hundreds of protesters, in addition to detaining up to 50 monks.[22] US embassy officials in Beijing told the Associated Press that U.S. citizens had reportedly seen gunfire and rioting in Lhasa.[23] Tibetan exiles quoted in the Times report that at least five people had been killed in police firing by March 15.[20] Made by uploader based on a large scale map of China by woodhome and hunry of the XZQH forums. ... Made by uploader based on a large scale map of China by woodhome and hunry of the XZQH forums. ... This article is about the administrative region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about witnesses in law courts. ... Temple of Hephaestus, an Doric Greek temple in Athens with the original entrance facing east, 449 BC (western face depicted) For other uses, see Temple (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Lhasa (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Lhasa (disambiguation). ... A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ... An electroshock weapon is an incapacitant weapon used for subduing a person by administering electric shock aimed at disrupting superficial muscle functions. ... A Buddhist Monk in Sri Lanka In Pāli, a bhikkhu (male) or bhikkhuni (female) is a fully ordained Buddhist monk. ... American Embassy redirects here. ... Peking redirects here. ... The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


According to a Tibetan who fled Tibet after the demonstrations in Lhasa, knife-wielding Chinese troops attacked Tibetan demonstrators on March 14, and several demonstrators died from gunshot and knife wounds.[24]


Tibetan rioters appeared to be targeting shops and vehicles owned by Han Chinese, the predominant ethnic group in China, and Hui, who are a Muslim minority.[21][25][26] According to the BBC and the Wall Street Journal, rioters focused on setting fire to and looting businesses owned by them; the Wall Street Journal stated that first-hand accounts of their stories have been relatively rare in Western news reports, in part because it is difficult to reach people by phone in Lhasa."[27][28] Tibetans face similar problems due to the strict controls on media reporting of events in Tibetan areas of China.[29] James Miles, in an interview with CNN, made the following assessment, "What I saw was calculated targeted violence against an ethnic group, or I should say two ethnic groups, primarily ethnic Han Chinese living in Lhasa, but also members of the Muslim Hui minority in Lhasa."[25] Language(s) Chinese languages Religion(s) Predominantly Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism. ... The Hui (回) ethnic group is unrelated to the Hui (徽) dialects. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... The Wall Street Journal is an influential international daily newspaper published in New York City, New York with an average daily circulation of 1,800,607 (2002). ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ...


Also according to The Economist, "The mobs, ranging from small groups of youths (some armed with traditional Tibetan swords) to crowds of many dozens, including women and children, rampaged through the narrow alleys of the Tibetan quarter. They battered the shutters of shops, broke in and seized whatever they could, from hunks of meat to gas canisters and clothing. Some goods they carried away, while other goods were thrown into large fires lit on the street."[27] Little children could also be seen looting a toy shop as well and mobs were attempting to ram the defenses of banks. The mobs also attacked any ethnic Chinese on the streets. James Miles reported seeing a Han Chinese teenage boy plead to a monk to help him hide because of the violence around the city.[2] The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ... The Phurba (Tib. ...


The Guardian reported that according to a foreign eyewitness account, rioters attacked Han, Muslim Hui and other ethnic minorities.[26] Foreigners were not attacked.[26] With the exception of Tibetan-owned hotels, many other hotels were vandalized and smashed.[26] The foreign eyewitness also reported seeing three rioters repeatedly stabbing an unconscious man.[26] After the Monday deadline, Chinese police announced on loudspeakers that anyone who took part in the violence and gave themselves up would be treated with leniency.[30] For other uses, see Guardian. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... The Hui (回) ethnic group is unrelated to the Hui (徽) dialects. ... In sociology and in voting theory, a minority is a sub-group that is outnumbered by persons who do not belong to it. ... Look up Unconscious in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


According to the London-based Free Tibet Campaign, an eyewitness inside Lhasa saw rioters set a mosque on fire late on Friday night and throw stones at people who appeared to be Hui.[31][32] The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ...


Other Western tourists emerged from Tibet with graphic descriptions of the level of violence that had occurred. Some claimed that they had seen Chinese people, including the elderly, being beaten and stoned to death by groups of Tibetans, supported by the crowd.[33][34]


In the aftermath of the riot, residents appeared to have mixed reactions to the violence. Some Tibetans celebrated by throwing toilet paper that resembled traditional Tibetan scarves over wires across the streets. However, "others appeared aghast at the violence."[2]


The official Chinese media source Xinhua has reported that on March 14 in Lhasa "rioters injured 623 people including 241 police and armed police and killed 18 others. They also set fire to more than 300 locations, mostly private houses, stores and schools, smashed vehicles and damaged public facilities."[35] Xinhua (Chinese:新华通讯社/新華通訊社, pinyin:xīnhuá tōngxùnshè) is also the short for Xinhua News Agency Xinhua (Chinese:新化县/新化縣, pinyin:xīnhuà xiàn) is a county in Hunan,China, See Xinhua County. ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


The official Chinese media has now published details including names and photographs of some of those they say were killed or injured during the rioting.[36][37][38] According to Xinhua, local police have confirmed the identities of 14 out of the 18 "innocent civilians" killed in "Lhasa riots," including one eight-month-old infant and one ethnic Tibetan woman in a fire, set by arson.[39] Xinhua (Chinese:新华通讯社/新華通訊社, pinyin:xīnhuá tōngxùnshè) is also the short for Xinhua News Agency Xinhua (Chinese:新化县/新化縣, pinyin:xīnhuà xiàn) is a county in Hunan,China, See Xinhua County. ...


Radio Free Asia and the International Campaign for Tibet reported that fresh protests broke out at the Ramoche Temple, situated in the northwest of Lhasa, March 29, 2008, as a 15-member group of diplomats from the United States, Japan and Europe returned to Beijing after a two-day visit to the Tibetan capital. However, independent verification of the protest could not be obtained.[40] Radio Free Asia was created by the International Broadcasting Act of 1994 and began its operations in 1996. ... Flag of Tibet flown at the Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc, Czech Republic, on 10 March 2006 at the 47th anniversary of the defeat of the Tibetan uprising in 1959. ... Ramoche Temple (Tibetan: ར་མོ་ཆེ་དགོན་པ་; Wylie: Ra-mo-che Dgon-pa; Lhasa dialect IPA: [) is a Buddhist monastery is considered the most important temple in Lhasa after the Potala. ... For other uses, see Lhasa (disambiguation). ... is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Peking redirects here. ...


[edit] Protest and violence in other provinces

[edit] Gansu riots

Gansu Province
Gansu Province

The Tibetan riots spread outside of the Tibet Autonomous Region for the first time. Demonstrations by ethnic Tibetans and monks took place in the northwest province of Gansu on Saturday, March 15, 2008.[34] The riots were centered around Gansu's Labrang Monastery, which is one of the largest Tibetan Buddhist monasteries outside of Tibet.[34] Demonstrators marched through the streets of Xiahe, a predominantly Tibetan county in Gansu which surrounds the Labrang Monastery, a region referred to by its traditional name, Amdo Golog, by Tibetans. [41] Up to 5,000 demonstrators were reportedly involved in the Gansu riots.[34] There were reports of government offices being damaged by the rioters, and police using tear gas and force to break up the demonstrations.[34] The Tibetan government-in-exile claims that 19 Tibetan rioters were shot dead on March 18, little known about the Chinese or Hui deaths.[42] China's Xinhua News Agency reported the cost of damage in Gansu at an estimated ¥230 million (US$32.7 million).[43] Made by uploader. ... Made by uploader. ... This article is about the administrative region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Gansu (Simplified Chinese: 甘肃; Traditional Chinese: 甘肅; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, or Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... Overview of the town and monastery Young monk and prayer wheels Circling a stupa Labrang Monastery (Tibetan: བླ་བྲང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་འཁྱིལ་ Wylie: bla-brang bkra-shis-khyil; Chinese: 拉卜楞寺 Pinyin: lābÇ”lèng sì) is one of the six great monasteries of the Geluk (Yellow Hat) school of Tibetan Buddhism, of which the Dalai... The List of Tibetan monasteries is a list of historic and present monasteries in Tibet including monasteries that were belonging to Tibet at the period of existence. ... Xiahe (Chinese: 夏河, pinyin: Xiàhé) is a town in Gansu province, China, in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. ... Situation of the east Tibetan region of Amdo Amdo (Tibetan: ཨ༌མདོ, Chinese: 安多, Pinyin: Ä€nduō) is one of the three former provinces of Tibet, the other two being Ü-Tsang and Kham; it is also the place from which Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, comes from. ... A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Front gate of the main building of Xinhua News Agency in Beijing For other uses, see Xinhua (disambiguation). ... CNY and RMB redirect here. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...


[edit] Qinghai protests

Qinghai Province
Qinghai Province

Chinese authorities have reportedly arrested twelve Tibetan monks after an incident in the historic region of Rebkong, which is located in the Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai.[41] Chinese security forces have reportedly surrounded the Ditsa monastery in Bayan County.[41][dubious ] Qinghai province borders Tibet and has a large Tibetan population (still known as Amdo according to Tibetans). Made by uploader based on a large scale map of China by woodhome and hunry of the XZQH forums. ... Made by uploader based on a large scale map of China by woodhome and hunry of the XZQH forums. ... location of Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture within Qinghai Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 黄南藏族自治州; pinyin: HÇŽinán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu; Tibetan: རྨ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་; Wylie: Rma-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul) is an autonomous prefecture of Qinghai province in China. ... Qinghai (Chinese: 青海; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching-hai; Postal System Pinyin: Tsinghai; Tibetan: མཚོ་སྔོན་ mtsho-sngon; Mongolian: Köke Naγur; Manchu: Huhu Noor) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, named after the enormous Qinghai Lake. ... Qinghai (Chinese: 青海; pinyin: Qīnghǎi; Wade-Giles: Ching-hai; Postal System Pinyin: Tsinghai) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, named after the enormous Qinghai Lake (Koko Nor). ... Situation of the east Tibetan region of Amdo Amdo (Tibetan: ཨ༌མདོ, Chinese: 安多, Pinyin: Ä€nduō) is one of the three former provinces of Tibet, the other two being Ü-Tsang and Kham; it is also the place from which Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, comes from. ...


The Swiss Newspaper Neue Zürcher Zeitung publishes an account by a foreign journalist who managed to travel in the region of Xining End of March. According to the reports Tibetan teachers are receiving intimidation calls from the Public Security Bureau (PSB), passports belonging to Tibetans are confiscated to prevent traveling abroad and foreign residents are informed about their possible expulsion in case they get involved in pro-Tibetan activism. Students in the region are receiving one-sided "political teaching". Notwithstanding, Tibetan students of the Medical University of Xining have held demonstrations to express their solidarity with the demonstrators and victims in Lhasa.[44] The Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ) is a major Swiss daily newspaper based in Zürich. ... Location of Xining Xining (Simplified Chinese : 西宁, Traditional Chinese : 西寧, Tibetan : Ziling) is the capital of Qinghai Province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Location of Xining Xining (Simplified Chinese : 西宁, Traditional Chinese : 西寧, Tibetan : Ziling) is the capital of Qinghai Province, Peoples Republic of China. ...


[edit] Sichuan riot

Sichuan Province
Sichuan Province

In Sichuan province, in an area incorporating the traditional Tibetan areas Kham and Amdo, Tibetan monks and police clashed March 16 in Ngawa county after the monks staged a protest, killing at least one policeman, and setting fire to three or four police vans. The India-based Tibetan Center for Human Rights and Democracy claimed at least seven people have been shot dead; however the claim could not be independently confirmed.[45] Made by uploader based on a large scale map of China by woodhome and hunry of the XZQH forums. ... Made by uploader based on a large scale map of China by woodhome and hunry of the XZQH forums. ... Sichuan (Chinese: 四川; pinyin: Sìchuān; Wade-Giles: Ssu-ch`uan; non-standard transliteration: Szechwan) is a province in central-western China with its capital at Chengdu. ... is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (Tibetan: རྔ་བ་བོད་རིགས་ཆ་བ༹ང་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་, Wylie transliteration: rnga ba bod rigs dang chang rigs rang skyong khul; Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is an autonomous prefecture in Sichuan, whose capital is Barkam. ...


There are claims that police shot between 13 and 30 protesters after a police station was set on fire, however reports of deaths are impossible to verify because of the restrictions on journalists.[46]


Authorities and security forces in the city of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan, have locked down a Tibetan neighborhood.[47] The neighborhood is located near the Southwest University for Nationalities and the Wu Hou Temple. [47] The crackdown comes amid unconfirmed reports of Tibetan protests in that section of Chengdu and a stabbing attack on a Han Chinese man by a Tibetan earlier in the week.[47] Cars and other vehicles are not allowed to drive through the neighborhood, which has a large police presence.[47] The Foreign Correspondents Club of China has reported that Chinese authorities have hindered efforts to report from the bases in Chengdu about Tibetan areas of the province. [47] Not to be confused with Chengde. ... A neighbourhood or neighborhood (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised community located within a larger city or suburb. ... Southwest University for Nationalities is a small university located in Chengdu, the capital city of the Sichuan province. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhuge (諸葛) Zhuge Liang (181 - 234) was one of the greatest Chinese strategists of the Three Kingdoms period, as well as a statesman, engineer, scholar, and inventor. ...


On March 21, 27 nuns of the Kirti Monastery in Ngawa county were arrested by Chinese police forces. The information was confirmed by the Swiss newspaper Neue Zürcher Zeitung after phonecalls into the region with locals. Troops also blocked roads in nearby Sertar. The London-based Free Tibet Campaign reported that troops had been sent to the county after residents blew up a bridge near the village of Gudu.[48] Arrests have also been reported from Sertar after security forces cracked down on protests.[49] is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (Tibetan: རྔ་བ་བོད་རིགས་ཆ་བ༹ང་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་, Wylie transliteration: rnga ba bod rigs dang chang rigs rang skyong khul; Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is an autonomous prefecture in Sichuan, whose capital is Barkam. ... The Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ) is a major Swiss daily newspaper based in Zürich. ...


On March 25, Chinese state media citing local authorities reported that one police officer was killed as fresh protests erupted in the Tibetan part of Sichuan. The Xinhua news agency said police were "forced to fire warning shots" and had "dispersed the lawless mobsters."[50] The Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy reported that one Tibetan protester had been shot dead by Chinese Police and another was critically injured.[51] is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


The suicide by two monks in Amdo on March 27 and 30 has been reported by the Tibetan Center for Human Rights and Democracy as an act of freeing from oppression. Independent verification is however outstanding.[52] Situation of the east Tibetan region of Amdo Amdo (Tibetan: ཨ༌མདོ, Chinese: 安多, Pinyin: Ānduō) is one of the three former provinces of Tibet, the other two being Ü-Tsang and Kham; it is also the place from which Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, comes from. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


On April 3 new violence has broken out in Sichuan as various sources report. According to Xinhua News Agency at least one government official has been seriously injured. An overseas Tibet activist group said eight people had been killed in the incident. It said police opened fire on hundreds of Buddhist monks and lay people who marched on local government offices to demand the release of two monks detained for possessing photographs of the Dalai Lama.[53] Unidentified eyewitnesses told Radio Free Asia's Tibetan agency that 15 people had been killed in the incident.[54] is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Chinese province. ... Front gate of the main building of Xinhua News Agency in Beijing For other uses, see Xinhua (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Dalai Lama lineage. ... Radio Free Asia was created by the International Broadcasting Act of 1994 and began its operations in 1996. ...


[edit] Beijing protests

Beijing Municipality
Beijing Municipality

According to Times Online, in the Central University for Nationalities in Beijing, around 100 ethnic Tibetan students organised a sit-in protest in solidarity with the protesters in Tibet. Police cordoned off the area, but did not take action against the participants, who sat silently in a circle in the center of the university campus.[55] Made by uploader. ... Made by uploader. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom. ... Central University of Nationalities (中央民族大学, pinyin: Zhōngyāng Mínzú Dàxúe) is a small national-level university located in Beijing, China designated for minority nationalities. ...


The Times reported that students of Tibetan ancestry at schools in Beijing are required to submit written papers specifying their feelings for the Dalai Lama, providing details of their parents, giving details of their own identity card and a written statement guaranteeing not to take part in political activities.[56] The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom (and the Kingdom of Great Britain before the United Kingdom existed) since 1788 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ... Peking redirects here. ... This article is about the Dalai Lama lineage. ... German identity document sample An identity document is a piece of documentation designed to prove the identity of the person carrying it. ...


[edit] International protests

A pro-Tibet rally outside the Chinese consulate in San Francisco, California, on March 17, 2008
A pro-Tibet rally outside the Chinese consulate in San Francisco, California, on March 17, 2008

According to Wen Jiabao, the Premier of the People's Republic of China, attacks on between ten and twenty Chinese embassies and consulates occurred around the same time as attacks on non-Tibetan interests in the Tibet Autonomous Region and several other ethnic Tibetan areas.[3] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... Wen Jiabao (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Wen Chia-pao) (born September 1942) is the Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Premier ( Chinese: 总理 pinyin: zŏnglĭ), sometimes referred to as the Prime Minister, is the Chairman of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China and head of Central Peoples Government. ... This article is about the administrative region of the Peoples Republic of China. ...


According to an article by Doug Saunders published in the The Globe and Mail, the protests were loosely coordinated by a group of full-time organizer hired by two umbrella groups that are loyal to the Tibetan government in exile. Documents were sent to more than 150 Tibet support groups around the world giving them detailed notes on how to behave when organizing similar disruptions as the torch makes its six-month trip around the world. This included advice on maintaining non-violence and following the Dalai Lama's opposition to Tibetan national independence (protesters were to advocate a more autonomous Tibet within China). However, many of the protests did not follow this advice. [57] However, Doug Saunders further published that the torch-relay protests have no relationship with the riots and uprisings inside Tibet.[58] Doug Saunders (born 1967) is a well-known Canadian journalist, a weekly columnist and daily reporter for the Globe and Mail, a Canadian national newspaper based in Toronto, Canada. ... The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English-language nationally distributed newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities across the country. ... Nonviolence (or non-violence) is a set of assumptions about morality, power and conflict that leads its proponents to reject the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political goals. ...


[edit] Europe

A pro-Tibet rally outside the Chinese embassy in Paris (16 March)
A pro-Tibet rally outside the Chinese embassy in Paris (16 March)

On Thursday, March 20 in Vienna, Austria, several Tibetans intruded upon the Embassy of China in Austria, taking down the Chinese national flag and damaging the Embassy facility. The Ambassador requested an urgent meeting with Foreign Affair Officers of Austria and protested at the inability of local police to protect the Embassy.[59] This article is about the capital of France. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ...


Tear gas was deployed by local riot police in Paris, France on Sunday, March 16 where over 500 protesters gathered outside of Chinese embassy on Paris's chic avenue George V. A demonstrator managed to climb the building and removed the Chinese flag, replacing it with the Tibetan flag. 10 people were in police custody at the end of the demonstrations. [60] A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ... This article is about the capital of France. ... is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


Tibetans in Germany stormed the Chinese Consulate in Munich on Monday, March 17. Protesters set the Chinese flag on fire and sprayed slogans including "Save Tibet" and "Stop Killing" on the front door. 26 were detained by local police.[61] For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


On March 24, 2008, during the Olympic torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, a French activist of the French based group Reporters Without Borders managed to breach the security and tried to unfurl a banner behind China's Olympic chief Liu Qi who was making his speech at the moment. The protester was quickly removed by security personnel. Later on, as the torch relay began, another Tibetan woman covered herself with red paint and lay on the ground, forcing torchbearers to weave around her as other protesters shouted "Flame of shame." The Greek government condemned the incident as disruptive.[62] is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... The 2008 Olympic Torch Relay is planned to take place from March 25 to August 8, 2008, prior to the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. ... Olympia among the principal Greek sanctuaries Olympia (Greek: Olympía or Olýmpia, older transliterations, Olimpia, Olimbia), a sanctuary of ancient Greece in Elis, is known for having been the site of the Olympic Games in classical times, comparable in importance to the Pythian Games held in Delphi. ... Reporters Without Borders, or RWB (French: Reporters sans frontières, Spanish: Reporteros Sin Fronteras, or RSF) is a French origin international non-governmental organization that advocates freedom of the press, founded by its current general-secretary, Robert Menard. ...


In Budapest, Hungary, about 200 people held a protest at the Chinese Embassy. They chanted pro-Tibet slogans, threw rocks and paint-sacks at the building and broke one of its windows. Police arrested two protesters.[63] For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation). ...


In Reykjavík, Iceland, police protected the Chinese Embassy as roughly forty protesters peacefully protested outside, chanting pro-Tibet slogans and waving flags.[64] Numerous Tibetan refugees participated in the protest. The steps leading up to the Chinese Embassy were covered in red paint by a protester, [65] and three members of the political youth organisation Ungir Jafnaðarmenn attempted to deliver a letter of disapproval to the Chinese Embassy, which was closed prior to their arrival and surrounded by the police.[66] Location in Iceland Coordinates: , Constituency Government  - Mayor (Borgarstjóri) Dagur B. Eggertsson Area  - City 274. ...


In Rome, Italy, several hundred Tibetans and Italians held a peaceful candlelight vigil outside the Chinese Embassy. [67] For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ...


In Lithuania, a small group of Lithuanians held a peaceful protest in front of China's embassy in Vilnius on 17 March.[68] On 20 April, 2008 more than 60 bike riders protested on the streets of Vilnius, by the China embassy and demanded at the Presidental palace not to visit Olimpic games opening in Beijing. Not to be confused with Vilnius city municipality. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


In The Hague, Netherlands, about 400 protesters attempted to storm the Chinese consulate. They managed to take down the Chinese flag and replace it with the Tibetan flag.[69] Hague redirects here. ... The flag of the Peoples Republic of China, the Five-Starred Red Flag (五星红旗 in pinyin: wǔ xīng hóng qí), was designed by Zeng Liansong, an economist and artist from Ruian (瑞安 ruì ān), Zhejiang. ... Flag Ratio: 2:3 The flag of Tibet was introduced in 1912 by the 13th Dalai Lama, who united the army flags of various provinces to design the present one. ...


In Zurich, Swiss police fired tear-gas at pro-Tibet demonstrators who tried to storm the Chinese consulate.[70] Location within Switzerland   Zürich[?] (German pronunciation IPA: ; usually spelled Zurich in English) is the largest city in Switzerland (population: 366,145 in 2004; population of urban area: 1,091,732) and capital of the canton of Zürich. ... The rule of Napoleon Bonaparte after his coup detat in France had conducted the manners of French governmant under dictatorship and in a consulate. ...


In London, United Kingdom, two protesters who have a history of interfering with the exhibition placed placards upon Terracotta Warriors on loan to the British Museum.[71] On March 22, 2008 Tibetan exiles and British supporters protested in London. [72] Security for the Olympic torch relay which arrived in the UK on the 6th of April 2008 was enhanced over fears that it would be hijacked by protesters.[73] During the flame's progress through the city it was followed by a group of vociferous protesters. Early in the relay one demonstrator managed to temporarily seize the torch, and another attacked it with a fire extinguisher.[74] Similar tactics were used by protesters the following day in Paris, who managed to forced the run to be abandoned the torch travelling aboard support vehicles for most of its progress. This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Inside a building showing part of the re-assembled Terracotta Army standing in ranks in the pit. ... London museum | name = British Museum | image = British Museum from NE 2. ... is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ...


[edit] Asia Pacific

Pro-Tibet protest in Pokhara, Nepal
Pro-Tibet protest in Pokhara, Nepal

On Saturday, March 15 in Sydney, Australia, during a chaotic clash with Tibetan protesters outside the Chinese consulate, the police used capsicum sprays and batons in an attempt to control a group of about 40 agitated Tibetan protesters. Several of the protesters entered and then exited the consulate, and thereupon the protesters attacked a plain clothes Australian police officer. Seven protesters in total were arrested.[75] On March 18, police again had to restrain protesters outside the Chinese consulate in Sydney.[76] is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


Tibetans living in the Indian state of Meghalaya closed their businesses and staged demonstrations to protest the Chinese crack down in Tibet.[77] Hundreds of Tibetan exiles in India marched from the town of Dharamsala to the Indo-Chinese border, to mark their protest against Chinese occupation of Tibet. Indian authorities arrested more than 100 Tibetan protesters.[78] Indian police also arrested a dozen Tibetan exiles attempting to storm the Chinese embassy in New Delhi.[79] India is a federal republic comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. ... , Meghalaya   is a small state in north-eastern India. ... Dharamshala redirects here. ... The Peoples Republic of China has a large diplomatic network, representing the countrys significant economic, commercial, political, cultural and military links around the world. ... , This article is about the capital city of India. ...


In Tokyo, Japan, over 100 Tibetans living in Japan and members of a Japanese group supporting Tibetans in exile marched in Tokyo's Yoyogi Park, shouting slogans of protest against China on 16 March. It was originally planned as a part of the torch relay for Tibetan Olympics 2008. [80] On March 22, 2008 over 900 Tibetan exiles and Japanese supporters protested in Roppongi, Tokyo. [81] [82] [83] Zenkō-ji, a Japanese Buddhist temple that was originally scheduled to be the starting point for the Beijing Olympic torch relay in Nagano, withdrew from a plan to host the relay, citing safety concerns over the torch relay and by solidarity of monks with the Tibetan buddhists.[84][85] The Zenkō-ji temple was then vandalised, suspectidely in relation its supportive decision.[86] For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation). ... Categories: Japan geography stubs | Parks ... is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Tibetan Olympics 2008 will be held from 15 to 25 May 2008 in Dharamshala, in northern India. ... is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... Roppongi Hills Roppongi ) is a district of Minato Ward, Tokyo, Japan, famous as home to the rich Roppongi Hills area, an active night club scene, and a relatively large presence of Western tourists and expatriates, though the vast majority of visitors and residents are Japanese. ... Zenkō-ji, in Nagano Zenkō-ji, in Nagano Zenkō-ji ) is a 7th century Buddhist temple in Nagano, Japan. ... Nagano (長野市, Nagano-shi) is the capital city of Nagano Prefecture, situated in the northern part of the prefecture near the junction of the Chikuma River and the Sai River, on the main island of HonshÅ«, Japan. ... Zenkō-ji, in Nagano Zenkō-ji, in Nagano Zenkō-ji ) is a 7th century Buddhist temple in Nagano, Japan. ...


44 Tibetan exiles were arrested by Nepali police in Kathmandu on Monday. Police used bamboo batons and tear gas to break up protests outside a UN complex in the latest crackdown on pro-Tibet demonstrations in Nepal. The protesters insisted they were protesting peacefully.[87][88]


In Insadong of Seoul, South Korea, several citizens gathered for protesting against the Chinese government. Many of them were from one group in particular, called "Tibet's Friends"(티베트의 친구들)[89] The Insadong is a district of the South Korean city of Seoul. ... Short name Statistics Location map Map of location of Seoul. ...


On April 13, Chinese-Australian demonstrators took to the streets in Sydney, Australia and protested against bias in Western media reporting in relation to the Tibetan issue and the 2008 torch relay. They also voiced their objection to Tibetan independence and their support for the 2008 Summer Olympics. The New South Wales police estimated that around 6,000 people attended the protest.[90] [91] News outlets in China reported about 5,000–6,000 participants.[92][93] English-language media outlets in Australia reportedly downplayed the event, and reported significantly fewer participants:[90] about 1000 according to Australian state-owned broadcaster, the ABC[94] or only "several hundred" according to Channel Nine; Channel Nine also stated that the demonstration was concerned only about disruptions to the Olympic torch relay, rather than the primary stated target of media bias in the portrayal of the entire Tibet-related episode.[90] On the same day, around 5000 Chinese students and Chinese-Australians participated in a similar march in Melbourne.[95] is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The 2008 Summer Olympics (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, will be celebrated from August 8, 2008, to August 24, 2008, with the opening ceremony commencing at 08:08:08 pm CST (12:08:08 UTC) at the Beijing National Stadium in... A government corporation or government-owned corporation is a legal entity created by a government to exercise some of the powers of the government. ... The Australian Broadcasting Corporation or ABC is Australias national non-profit public broadcaster. ... Channel Nine is an Australian television channel broadcast by the Nine Network, available in major markets across Australia. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre (also known as The CBD). ...


[edit] North America

A pro-Tibet rally in Seattle March 15, 2008
A pro-Tibet rally in Seattle March 15, 2008

In