Faced with a dangerously small number of Spartan citizens, and other handicaps to the city-state, Cleomenes III issues revolutionary reforms: cancels debts, redistributes lands, makes citizens of perioeci and metics.
After conquering the last independent Chinese state in 221 BCE, Qin Shi Huang was the king of a state of Qin ruling over the whole of China, a previously unprecedented accomplishment.
The competition was extremely fierce and by 260 BCE there were only a handful of states left (the others having been conquered and annexed), but Zheng's state, Qin, was the most powerful.
Zheng ascended the throne in 247 BCE at the age of 12 and a half, and was king under a regent until 238 BCE when, at the age of 21 and a half, he staged a palace coup and assumed full power.
In 334 BCE, Alexander's 30,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry in the battle of Grunicus won a decisive battle and set the stage to conquer Asia minor.
In 328 BCE, while preparing for the conquest of Arabia, he died of malarial fever at the age of 32, in the Babylon desert.
When the Seleucids became weak he became independent and remained so until his death in 230 BCE A high official of Diodothus I, Euthydemus, with the help of Queen's help came to power in 227BCE He was the real founder of an independent Bactria.
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