NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 27th G8 summit

The 27th G8 summit took place in Genoa, Italy, in July 2001. The summit was overshadowed by riots in the city after a crackdown by police targeting anti-globalisation groups and the death of a 23 year-old Carlo Giuliani, leading some to talk of a deliberately followed strategy of tension. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links G8-genes-2001-02. ... Image File history File links G8-genes-2001-02. ... Genoa (Genova [] in Italian - Zena [] in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... Carlo Giuliani (March 14, 1978 -- July 20, 2001) was an Italian demonstrator who was shot dead by police during the demonstrations against the Group of Eight summit that was held in Genoa from July 19 to July 21, 2001. ... A strategy of tension (Italian: ) is a way to control and manipulate public opinion using fear, propaganda, disinformation, psychological warfare, agents provocateurs, false flag terrorism actions and even terroristic actions. ...

Protests

The Genoa Group of Eight Summit protest, from July 18 to July 22, 2001, was a dramatic protest, drawing an estimated 200,000 demonstrators. Dozens were hospitalized following clashes with police and night raids by security forces on two schools housing activists and independent journalists. People taken into custody after the raids have alleged severe abuse at the hands of police. Genoa protests from http://www. ... Genoa protests from http://www. ... G-8 work session; July 20-22, 2001. ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... July 22 is the 203rd day (204th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 162 days remaining. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Demonstrators march in the street while protesting the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on April 16, 2005. ...

Demonstrators accused the police of brutality and denying them their right to non-violent protest. They believe that G8 summits are non-legitimate attempts by eight of the world's most powerful governments to set the rules for the planet at large. Police and many politicians argued that attempting to blockade a meeting is in itself a violent event and an attempt to impede the workings of democratically elected governments. The right-wing Italian government led by Premier Silvio Berlusconi insisted that police used the minimum amount of force necessary to achieve their goals. It claimed that the protesters' claims were exaggerated. (born September 29, 1936) is an Italian politician, entrepreneur, and media proprietor. ...

The G8 meeting was held inside a "Red Zone" in the center of town that had been declared off-limits for non-residents and surrounded by a barricade, leaving protesters no chance to communicate with summit delegates. Fears of terrorist attack at the time had also led to an air exclusion zone around the city, as well as the stationing of anti-aircraft missiles. Only one activist, Valérie Vie, secretary of a French branch of ATTAC, managed to publicly breach the Red Zone barrier, but was immediately stopped by police agents. There were also several border riots ahead of the summit, as police attempted to prevent suspected activists from entering Italy. The Italian government suspended freedom of movement entitled by the Schengen treaty for the duration of the G8 summit, in order to monitor the movement of the many protesters arriving from across the European Union. Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens (ATTAC - Association pour la Taxation des Transactions pour lAide aux Citoyens) is an activist organization for the establishment of a tax on exchange transactions. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... Title page of a European Union member state passport. ... Schengen Treaty members are in dark blue, while signatories (where it is not yet implemented) are in light blue. ...

Injuries and deaths

Many demonstrators were injured and dozens more arrested over the course of the event. Most of those arrested were charged with "criminal conspiracy to commit destruction", but they were all released shortly thereafter because judges declared the charges invalid. Police continued to raid social centers, media centers, union buildings and legal offices across Italy after the summit as part of ongoing investigations. Over 400 protesters were injured during the clashes. Twenty-five people are currently standing trial for property damage and looting during the events.

On Friday July 20, a 23-year-old Anarchist activist Carlo Giuliani of Genoa, was shot dead by Mario Placanica, a Carabinieri officer, during clashes with police. Images show he was about to hurl a fire extinguisher into their Jeep. The Carabiniere was acquitted from any wrong-doing, as judges determined he shot for legitimate defense. Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... Carlo Giuliani (March 14, 1978 -- July 20, 2001) was an Italian demonstrator who was shot dead by police during the demonstrations against the Group of Eight summit that was held in Genoa from July 19 to July 21, 2001. ... The Carabinieri is the shortened (and common) name for the Arma dei Carabinieri, an Italian military corps of the gendarmerie type with police functions, which also serves as the Italian military police. ...

Activist Susanne Bendotti was struck by a vehicle and killed while attempting to cross the French-Italian border at Ventimiglia to get to the Genoa demonstration [1].

Genoa demonstrator and labor unionist Maria Jose Olivastri was found naked and strangled in Padua shortly after the summit. Her death was not found to be politically motivated [2].

Genoa demonstrator Edoardo Parodi, a close friend of Carlo Giuliani, died after Genoa after experiencing severe health problems possibly related to the police use of CS gas during the event, or possibly related to the use of CS gas during the demonstration against the World Economic Forum which he also attended. CS or 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (also called o-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile)(chemical formula: C10H5ClN2) is a substance that is used as a riot control agent and is claimed to be non-lethal. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Rumors of further deaths and Genoa demonstrators who remain missing after the summit continue to circulate.

Charges

Numerous police officers and local and national officials have been ordered to stand trial in connection with the event. In one trial, 28 police officials are standing trial on charges related to the two night raids, charged with conspiracy to pervert the course of justice, use of excessive force and planting evidence. In other proceedings, 45 state officials, including prison guards, police and medics, are being tried for abusing detainees in their custody who were arrested during the raid. Detainees reported being spat at, verbally and physically humiliated, and threatened with rape.

Police conducted nighttime raids upon centers housing protesters and campsites, most notably the attacks on the Diaz-Pascoli and Diaz-Pertini schools shortly after midnight on July 21. These were being used as sleeping quarters, and had also been set up as centers for those providing media, medical, and legal support work. Police baton attacks left three activists, including British journalist Mark Covell, in comas. At least one person has suffered brain damage, while another had both jaws and fourteen teeth broken. In total, over 60 were severely injured and a parliamentary inquiry was launched [3]. It concluded no wrongdoing on the part of police. (WTF?!) The Diaz Pertini School Raid occured during the Genoa G8 Summit on the night Of the 21st/22nd of July. ...

Ninety-three people were arrested during the raids. In May, 2003, Judge Anna Ivaldi concluded that they had put up no resistance whatsoever to the police and all charges were dropped against them.

Following the event it has been reported that certain police admitted to planting Molotov cocktails, on orders of Pietro Troiani, the deputy police chief in Genoa, in order to justify the Diaz School raids, as well as faking the stabbing of a police officer to frame activists [4].

In 2005, twenty-nine police officers were indicted for grievous bodily harm, planting evidence and wrongful arrest during a night-time raid on the Diaz School. The Molotov cocktails were reported in January 2007, during the trial of the policemen, to have disappeared ^[1]

A further 45 state officials, including police officers, prison guards and doctors, were charged with physically and mentally abusing demonstrators held in a detention centre in the nearby town of Bolzaneto.

The 26th G8 Summit was a political summit that took place in Okinawa, Japan, onJuly 21- July 23, 2000. ... This is a (non-exhaustive) list of G8 summits 27th G8 summit : Genoa, Italy : July 2001 28th G8 summit : Kananaskis, Alberta ,Canada June 26 and 27 2002 29th G8 summit : Ã‰vian-les-Bains, France : June 2003 30th G8 summit : Sea Island, Georgia, United States : June 8-10, 2004 31st G8... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 28th G8 Summit took place in 2002 and was called the Kananaskis Summit. ...

References

Statewatch is a non-profit-making voluntary group founded in 1991 that monitors the state and civil liberties in the European Union. ... La Repubblica (meaning: The Republic) is an Italian daily newspaper. ... Il Manifesto (Italian for The Manifesto) is an Italian communist newspaper. ...

Contents

Protests

Injuries and deaths

Charges

References

See also

External links

Contents

Protests GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Injuries and deaths

Charges

References

See also

External links

Protests